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1、优点英语第03讲 非限制性定语从句&必修第二册Unit1-Unit3知识回顾 目录 温习知识：温习知识(词汇，易错考点) 语法导航：温习语法知识 写作导航：温习重点写作小试牛刀：核心单词语法填空+能力提升 Unit 1 Cultural Heritageformer adj. 以前的；（两者中）前者的 n. 前者 .; the latter. 前者.；后者.preserve (1)vt.保存;保护;维持 preserve . . 保护.免受. preserve sth. for. 为.而保存某物(2) n.保护区 nature preserve 自然保护区 well-preserved adj
2、.保存良好的(3) n.保存,保留promote vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级promote sb. (from sth.) to sth. 把某人（从某职位）提升到某职位 n. 提升；晋级；促进 get/win promotion 获得晋级application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)(1) apply vt.涂,敷;应用,运用;(后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事(+to)vi.申请;应用,使用;适用 申请,请求 apply (to sb) for. (向某人)申请apply oneself to 专心致志于 apply.to. 把运用到中去;将涂抹到上面(2
3、) n.申请人(3) adj.应用的;实用的 applied science应用科学balance n. 平衡；均匀v. 使平衡balance between . and. 平衡.与. 保持/失去平衡 adj.平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持一个健康的饮食keep a balance between. and. 保持.与.的平衡 keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡limit vt.限制;限定, n.限度,限制 adj.有限的 n.限度；局限limit. to. 把.限制到. be limited to 局限于.contribution n.
4、捐款；贡献；捐赠 对.做出贡献 vi.&vt. 捐献；捐助 contribute sth to. 把某物捐献给. contribute to 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿 worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的（1）Its worthwhile to do/doing sth. 做是值得的（2） adj.& n. 值的;价值 be worth +some money 值多少钱be (well) worth doing (非常)值得被做(主动形式表被动意义) of being done（3） adj.值得的 be worthy to be done 值得 of +n.contrast
5、n.对比;对照vt.对比;对照by contrast 相比之下；相反 in contrast (to/with) 与相比较 contrast to 对比；对照单词变形练习.1. Im sorry to tell you that the entrance _the museum was closed for renovations(维修).2. Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are_(tradition) performed during the Spring Festival.3. We could do nothing but wait for_(far)info
6、rmation, though it is not what we wish to do.4. If you _(comparison) this book with that one, you will find this one much more interesting.5. wasnt worthwhile to continue the project.6. He was awarded a prize for his(contribute) to world peace.7. Martins idea was to create some interesting (image) a
7、nd then move on to another subject.8. Everyone is (limit) in his energy, so we cannot do everything all by ourselves.9. The (history) building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings. 10. With the development of science and technology, many of todays medical images are processed _ (digital)
8、.Unit 2 Wildlife Protectiondie out 灭亡;逐渐消失 逐渐模糊;逐渐消失;逐渐减弱 逐渐变弱;逐渐暗淡;逐渐平息 相继死去;先后死 死于aware adj.知道;发觉;有意识的be aware of 意识到;知道be aware that.意识到 n.知道;意识;认识;兴趣 adj.没意识到;未察觉;不知道concerned adj. 担心的;关切的 vt. 涉及;让担忧concerning prep.关于be concerned about as far as.be concerned adapt vi. 适应vt. 使适应;使适合 n.适应 adj.能适应的
9、adapt to adapt oneself to measure n. 措施;方法vt. 测量;度量;估量vi.长(宽、高等)为 采取措施make.to sbs measure 按照某人的尺寸做 n.测量make out (勉强)看出;辨认出;听出make up 组成;化妆;构成;编造(故事);弥补make up with sb 与言归于好make for 向移动;促成make the most of sth 充分利用observe vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守observe sb doing sth 注意某人在做某事observe traffic rules 遵守交通规则observe
10、sb do sth 注意某人做了某事observe the festivals 庆祝节日 n. 观察;观测attack n.,vi.& vt.攻击;抨击under attack 遭到袭击a heart attack 心脏病发作make an attack on.对发起攻击recover vi.恢复;康复vt.寻回;找回 n.恢复;痊愈;改善;复苏;收回 adj.可收回的;可重新获得的 vt.揭开盖子;揭露 sth 从中恢复过来intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事intend sb to do sth想要某人去做某事intend
11、that. 打算be intended for. 为打算(或设计)的with the intention of 有的意图 exist vi. 存在;生存 n.存在 adj. 现存的;现有的come into existence/being 产生;存在harmony n. 和谐;融洽 adj. 协调的;和谐的(be) in harmony with.与协调 (be) out of harmony with. 与不协调threaten vt. 威胁;危及 n. 威胁 adj. 恐吓的;威胁的 adj. 受到威胁的threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人threaten (sb.
12、) to do sth 威胁某人做某事due adj. 由于;因为; 到期的;预期的 由于;因为 be due to do sth 预期做某事单词变形练习1. Do you think the film _(adapt) is faithful to the book? 2. This traditional Chinese medicine is very _(effect) in relieving COVID-19. 3. One of the _(beautiful) of living here is that its so peaceful.4. To our surprise,
13、the disease has spread at an _(alarm) rate. 5. Many languages including Chinese are all (live) languages.6. To protect my computer from _(attack) by hackers, I equipped it with anti-virus software. 7. _ (plain), he is interested in her present appearance and manner. 8. Its well known that money can
14、be exchanged for _ (good) or services.9. A great many species in the world are at the edge of (extinct).10. One day the cat was caught in a trap laid by a _ (hunt).11. He didnt answer my question _ (immediate), which made me very upset.12. As far as Im _(concern), its everyones duty to protect the e
15、nvironment.13. Ive got a _(reserve) for two nights.14. The university is known for its language and culture courses _(intend) for international students.15. The boy _ (removed)from school because of fighting with others.16. Halley made his discovery by means of his own careful _(observe).17. Those w
16、ho hunt animals _ (illegal) will be punished by law.18. He gained weight after _ (recover) from his illness.19. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some _(measure) over 90 meters.Unit3 The Internetlook up(1) (在词典、参考书或通过电脑)查阅,检查 (2)抬头往上看 (3)（生意、某人情况等）好转，改善 归纳拓展：look up to sb look in
17、to sth look back on sth look down on sb look forward to (doing) sth look on sb/sth as. 把看作 look out for 当心;小心 identify vt. 认出;确认 n. 识别;鉴定;确(1) n.C，U身份 identity card（ID card）身份证 identity theft身份盗窃(2)n.U（区别人或群体的）特性a sense of identity自我认同感 民族/文化/社会认同convenientbe convenient for sb/sth 对某人/某事来说是方便的 It is
18、 convenient for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是方便的 A is convenient for/to B A到B近归纳拓展:(1) n.方便;便利 at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候 for (the sake of )convenience 为方便起见 (2) adj.不方便的;不便利的 (3) n.不方便;不便利 stuck adj.卡住；陷入 be/get stuck in . 被卡在/被困在. be/ get stuck on. 被难住归纳拓展:stick (stuck, stuck) vt&vi. 刺，插入；粘贴 vi. 卡住 n.
19、C枝条；棍状物 stick to 坚持 benefit(1)n. U,C 益处，优势for the benefit of sb = for sbs benefit 为了某人的利益 be of benefit to 对有益 (2)vi. 得益于 vt. 使受益，对某人有用benefit from sth. 得益于某事 benefit sb. 使某人受益，对某人有用归纳拓展: adj.有益的 be beneficial to 对有益的 distance(1)n. C,U 距离；U 遥远in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance 离一段距离；从远处at/from a
20、 distance of 从远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）(2)n. U,C 冷淡，疏远 keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远，与某人保持一定距离 归纳拓展: adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from. 离远；与不同 adv.远地；冷淡地； n.距离；远方；遥远；疏远inspire v.鼓励，鼓舞，激励inspire sb to do sth鼓舞某人做某事 inspire sb with sth= inspire sth in sb 使某人产生某种情感归纳拓展： (1) n.U灵感；C 鼓舞人心的人或事物inspiration for sth/to d
21、o sth 对于某物/做某事的灵感 an inspiration to/for sb激励某人的人或事物(2) adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 (3) adj. 品质优秀的；借助于灵感创作的access (1)n. U （使用或见到的）机会，权利have/get/gain access to 拥有的机会；可以进入give (sb) access to 准许（某人）使用/见到.(2)n. U 通道，通路，入径 access to+n. 通往.的路(3)vt. 访问，存取（计算机文件）；到达，进入归纳拓展： adj. 可接近的，可使用的；容易理解的 be accessible to sb .能为某人
22、接近/使用 inaccessible adj. 难以达到的；不可得到的confirm n.证实；确认书 adj.(仅用于名词前)坚定的；根深蒂固的(1)vt. 证实，证明，确认confirm that/wh- 从句证实 It is/has been confirmed that 据/已证实;已确认(2)vt.使感觉更强烈，使确信 confirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事 confirm ones belief/determination 坚定某人的信念/决心(3) vt.批准(职位、协议等) confirm sb as 任命某人担任embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬、害
23、羞)的(1) vt.使尴尬，使窘迫；使困惑，使为难(2) adj.尴尬的，窘迫的，害羞的It embarrasses/embarrassed sb to do做使某人尴尬。 (3) n.U窘迫，难堪；C困境；令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人to ones embarrassment 令某人难堪的是be/feel embarrassed about/at .因而尴尬/窘迫 be embarrassed to do sth 做某事尴尬/窘迫upset (1)adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的be /feel/get upset about/by/with sth 为某事感到不安/沮丧 It upset(s
24、) sb to do sth/that .做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是(2)vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼，使心烦意乱；打翻；打乱，搅乱；使(肠胃)不适be upset that 因而心烦/沮丧keep/ bear (.) in mind 将记在心中；牢记；考虑mind (sb/sbs) doing.介意(某人)做Do/Would you mind if.?如果你介意吗？make up ones mind change ones mind 归纳拓展: bring/call to mind fix ones mind on/upon 把注意力集中在case (1)n.C容器，箱，
25、盒，套(2)n.C实例，事例，具体情况；sing.实情，事实(just) in case in case of in no case决不(位于句首时用部分倒装结构) in any case 无论如何,不管怎样in some/most cases 在一些/大多数情况下in this/that case假使这样/那样的话；既然这样/那样as is often the case 这是常有的事；正如经常发生的那样It is often the case (that)通常情况是单词变形练习.1First, our meeting will begin _ a song.2I have no mood t
26、o chat _ you.3He was so excited _ he could say nothing.4If you look at a world map, you can _ (identity) the major wineproducing regions.5Do you spend much time _ (search) through dictionaries for words that are not included?6Kate functioned _ a mother to the child while his parents were away.7Im st
27、ill waiting for _ (confirm) of the test results.8Your new computer will have a variety of _ (function)9There two keys cant be _ (press)10He sat behind a desk on which were half a dozen _ (file)11This kind of apps keeps you _ (update) on all topics which you prefer.12You can also choose _ (receive) t
28、he news you are interested in.13The hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with _ (privacy) bathrooms.非限制定语从句必要知识拓展定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。限制定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别类别作用形式关系代词/副词例句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思不明确紧跟于先行词后，无逗号t
29、hat/who/whom/which/whose/aswhen/where/whyShe is the girl who wanted to see you.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰一个句子，是对先行词/句子的附加说明，去掉不会影响主句意思用逗号与其修饰的句子/名词或代词隔开不可用that引导，其他的关系代词和关系副词都可以使用且不可省略Hangzhou , I visited last week, is a beautiful city.Part 2要点回顾1.when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, p
30、eriod等。2.where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position，activity, platform, job, family, race, environment, atmosphere等。3.区别which和that(1)先行词是物, 关系代词用that，不用which的情况当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none
31、等或当先行词被no, some, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。To get the job started, all I need is your permission.He answered few questions were asked by the reporters.当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。Thats the only thing we can do now . This is the very pen I am looking for. 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This
32、was one of the most interesting books were sold in this book store.当先行词中同时包括人和物时。Im going to talk about the countries and people I have visited.当要避免与疑问词which重复时。Which is the T-shirt fits me most? (2)先行词是物, 关系用which，不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中Football, is an interesting game, is played all over the world.介词提
33、前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。This is the room my father lived last year. = This is the room my father lived in last year. Part 3 关系代词和关系副词易错点1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。Hangzhou is a beautiful city I always want to visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。Hangzhou ,
34、 I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。2.whose+n.= the+n +of which=of which+the+n. 【注意】名词之前必须有the。I live in the room window/the window of / which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。3.介词关系代词”(相当于关系副词) 引导的定语从句 A.在这种结构中，若先行词指人，关系代词用whom不能用who；若先行词指物，关系
35、代词用 which不能用that。B.关系代词前介词的选择。(1)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词通常是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。I cant remember the age at he won the prize.(at the age）(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。The documents for they were searching have been recovered.（search for）(3)根据定语从句中主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。He referred me to some reference books wit
36、h I am not very familiar.（be familiar with）(4)根据句子所表达的意思来确定介词The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.C. 介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book which/that you asked for.注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 look
37、for, look after, call on, care for, hear of, take care of等。l 我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。【正】My youngest sister, whom I have to look after, is very lovely.【误】My youngest sister, after whom I have to look, is very lovely.4. The way 做先行词先行词the way在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意不用how, how不能引导定语从句。）先行词th
38、e way充当主语、宾语 关系词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。5. the sameas和the samethatthe sameas表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）the samethat表示“同一个”（同一性）I have bought the same watch you have. 我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）This is the same watch I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）6. so/such. that与such.asso/such. that 用于引导结果状语从句It was such co
39、ld that there was nobody on the street.such.as 用于引导定语从句Ive never heard such stories as he told.区别：引导词在从句中不充当成分， 则该从句为状语从句，引导词词用that 引导词在从句中充当成分， 则该从句为定语从句，关系词用asPart 4 能力提升（一）分割式定语从句定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach us English.The scientist has made another discovery, which , of course, is of great importance. （二）易混从句对比1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday? (the one作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the one)Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited yesterday? (that/which引导定语从句并