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1、高中英语语法梳理虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，不是事实或与事实相反。一.IF 引导的虚拟句式if从句主句现在did /(be 一般用 were)would / could / should / might + do过去had donewould / could / should / might + have done将来did /(be 一般用 were)should dowere to dowould / could / should / might + do简单高中生注意：混合虚拟(1) 不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he wo
2、uld not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：从句谓语动词(should) +do1. 主语从句：it is + adj + that 结构advisable 适当的、合适的regretful
3、 遗憾的ordered 命令anxious 忧虑、焦急的regretful 遗憾的recommended 推荐appropriate 适当的right 正确、恰当的requested 要求better 较好的strange 奇怪的required 建议desirable 理想的surprising 惊奇的名词essential 紧要的urgent 紧迫的duty 职责imperative 迫切的vital 极其重要的no surprise 不奇怪important 重要的分词no wonder 不足为奇insistent 坚持的decided 决定pity 遗憾natural 自然的deman
4、ded 要求regret 后悔、遗憾necessary 必要的desired 想往shame 羞耻、不像话2. 宾语从句：主语+要求接虚拟语气的动词+thatadvise 劝告desire 渴望require 要求、请求ask 要求intend 打算recommend 推荐command 命令insist 坚持request 要求decide 决定order 命令suggest 建议demand 要求、需求prefer 宁愿urge 主张determine 决定propose 提议简单高中生一个坚持：insist两个命令：order; command 两个决定：decide; determin
5、e三个建议：suggest; advise; propose四个要求：demand; ask; request; require注意： suggest：暗示；insist：坚持说(不虚拟) except, believe, think suspect 等动词的否定形式或疑问句后面的宾语从句要用虚拟。I never thought that he should be such a brave young solider should 竟然I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize. wish 引导从句的虚拟语气，谓语动词变化
6、和 if 从句虚拟语气一样。Wish 可以用以下结构：wish +主语+would/should have done3. 表语从句、同位语从句advice 劝告necessity 必要性requirement 要求decision 决议order 命令recommendation 推荐desire 愿望proposal 提议resolution 决心、决议demand 要求preference 选择suggestion 建议idea 主意、想法request 要求简单高中生三.其他用法1.名词性从句的虚拟语气中，表示建议、命令、要求的含义是，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：sh
7、ould + do。should 可以省略。 但是： insist 意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生(表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气)suggest 意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。His face suggests that he looks worried.他的表情暗含着他很担心(本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气) 2.even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中与现在事实相反：从句 may/might+动词原
8、形，may/might 可以省略， 与过去事实相反：从句 had done类似的词有 though/even though/whatever/however/so long as;主、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实：他没来)Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实：华佗不在世)3. 含蓄的虚拟语气：but/but for,
9、 or，in that case, without, otherwise,4. would rather, had rather, would sooner 等后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不符的一种愿望，其虚拟语气结构为：过去 had + doneId rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。现在 did/wereId rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。 简单高中生将来 did/wereWed rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿5. wish 后宾
10、语从句(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：did/wereI wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) (2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had + doneI wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实：那时还不知道)(3)表示将来难以实现的愿望。谓语动词： would /could / should / might + 动词原形I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实：很难再有
11、这样的机会了)(if only 引导的感叹句和 as if/as though 引导的状语从句也有相同用法) 简单高中生if only若是该多好啊；真希望与现在事实相反，从句谓语：did / were与过去事实相反，从句谓语：had doneIf only she had lived a little longer. could have doneIf only she could have lived a little longer.将来可能性不大，从句谓语：would /could / should / might +doas if, as though 有时候引导虚拟语气与现在事实相反，
12、从句谓语动词：did / were与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词：had done将来可能性不大，从句谓语动词：would /could / should / might +do 6.目的状语从句(1)在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：(should )+ do。She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.他
13、早早的就出发了以防迟到。(2)so that, in order that 所引导目的状语从句中，从句中谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。7. 虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某
14、事了”时，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，从句虚拟语气结构：It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式should + do(should 不可省，且优先使用动词过去式) It is time for sb.to do sth.It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。It is (the first / second / third)time that 从句谓语动词用 hav
15、e doneIt was(the first / second / third)time that 从句谓语动词用 had done简单高中生8. 固定搭配(1)Were it not for“要不是”与现在事实相反：Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss. (2)Had it not been for“当时要不是”与过去事实相反： Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way. (3)What if “要是该怎么办？”if 从句谓语用 should do:What if it should rain heavily tomorrow?(4)Would you mind + if “你介不介意，如果”从句谓语多用 did:简单高中生Would you mind if I opened the window? 辨别 would，could，should，might Would必然的结果Could能够Might可能的结果Should在主句中，它的主语只能是第一人称 I 或 we