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1、会计学1高中英语高中英语 虚拟语气虚拟语气第一页，共26页。一一. 语气语气(yq)的分类的分类1.陈述语气陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种或提出一种看法看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!2.祈使语气祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请用来表示请求，邀请(yoqng)，命令，警告或劝告
2、等，命令，警告或劝告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.英语的动词一般可带三种不同英语的动词一般可带三种不同(b tn)的语气的语气:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气和虚祈使语气和虚拟语气拟语气.不同不同(b tn)的语气用动词的不同的语气用动词的不同(b tn)形式来表示。形式来表示。第1页/共26页第二页，共26页。3.虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句(cn j),也可用于名词性从句也可用
3、于名词性从句(cn j)等等.例如：例如：1）If I were you,I would not leave her alone.2）If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.3）If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the match.4）Our teacher suggested that we go to lab this afternoon.第2页/共26页第三页，共26页。二二.虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法(yn f):（一）（一）. 用于条件状语用于条
4、件状语(zhungy)从句中从句中:主从主从(zhcng) 句句构构 成成时态时态虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句主主 句句例例 句句 与现与现在事实在事实相反的相反的 假设假设 与过与过去事实去事实相反的相反的 假设假设If + 主语主语 + 动词过动词过去时去时 (be用用 were)主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词动词原形原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If + 主语主语 + had +过去分词过去分词主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might + have+ 过去分词
5、过去分词 If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.1. If条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气 第3页/共26页第四页，共26页。主从主从(zhcng) 句句构构 成成虚拟条件虚拟条件(tiojin) 从句从句主主 句句例例 句句 与将与将来来(jingli)情况情况相反的相反的 假设假设If + 主语主语 + 动词的过动词的过去时去时 If + 主语主语 + were to + 动词原形动词原形 If + 主语主语 + should + 动词原形动词原形主语主语 + would/ should/could/ might +
6、 动词原形动词原形If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week.时态时态第4页/共26页第五页，共26页。1) If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam.Had you taken my advic
7、e, youd have passed the exam.2) If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.Were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.3) If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next weekShoule he not come tomorrow, we would put off the sports meetin
8、g till next week.第5页/共26页第六页，共26页。2.含蓄含蓄(hnx)条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气 即用即用without(but for) “要不是要不是”,or(else) “否则否则”if it were not for/ if it had not been for(=without/ but for),but代替代替if从从句。句。1）Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we
9、 wouldnt have made such great progress.2）She would have come here, but she was too busy with her homework. She would have come here, if she had not been too busy with her homework.第6页/共26页第七页，共26页。虚拟语气高考虚拟语气高考(o ko)链接链接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)
10、A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析析: :此题此题A A、D D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B B选选项若为项若为would havewould have则成立，可以理解则成立，可以理解(lji)(lji)为为I I would have come if I hadnwould have come if I hadnt had an unexpected t had an unexpected visitor.visitor.的简略式。但此处是的简略式。但此处是would,would,故应排除。只有故应排除。只有was g
11、oing towas going to可得体地表达可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访有不速之客造访”这一意思。这一意思。 3) If it had not been for the captains efforts, the ship would have sunk.第7页/共26页第八页，共26页。1）If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. 2）He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 3 ） If
12、 we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now. 第8页/共26页第九页，共26页。（二）（二）. 虚拟语气用于名词虚拟语气用于名词(mng c)性从句中性从句中:1. 1. 用于主语用于主语(zhy)(zhy)从句从句中中: :(1) It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中从句中, 从句用从句用 (should) + 动词原形动词原形: eg: Its suggested th
13、at the meeting (should)be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once.注意：注意：“坚决要命坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词类动词所接的四种名词(mng c)性从句（性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决坚决要命要命”:insist, advise,suggest,propose;deside;require, request,desire,dem
14、and; order, command第9页/共26页第十页，共26页。(2)用在用在 It is necessary / important / strange / natural / surprising / essential / vital/ a pity+从句从句(cn j)中中, 从句从句(cn j)用用(should) + 动动 词原形词原形 : eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. It is strange that he should have said s
15、o. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy. 第10页/共26页第十一页，共26页。2. 用于宾语用于宾语(bny)从句中从句中:(1) 在wish后的宾从表与现在相反用一般过去时（系词用were）;与过去相反用过去完成时；与将来(jingli)相反用would/ could/ might+动词原形:(2) How I wish _ a bird and could fly freely in the sky!（be） I wish I _ so many mistakes in the last exam.( mak
16、e ) How I wish it _ raining now!(be)wereHad not madeWerent(2)在would rather后接从句,用过去时表示与现在(xinzi)或将来相反;用过去完成时表示与过去相反: eg. Id rather you came tomorrow. Id rather you hadnt told him the news.(3)在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用should + 动词原形, should可以省略:第11页/共26页第十二页，共2
17、6页。 eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the next day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.但是但是: 当当suggest表示表示“暗示暗示(nsh),表明表明” insist表示表示“坚坚 持认为持认为”时时,不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气: eg. The
18、 smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.第12页/共26页第十三页，共26页。3. 用于表语用于表语(bioy)从句中从句中:在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等等后面的表语后面的表语(bioy)从句中从句中:eg. My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestio
19、n is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The generals order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours.第13页/共26页第十四页，共26页。4. 用于同位语从句用于同位语从句(cn j)中中: 在在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位语从句等后面的同位语从句(cn j)中中, 如如:E.g. We all agree to his suggestion that we
20、 go to the Happy Valley for an outing. Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border. Here is the doctors advice that you should take the medicine 4 times a day.第14页/共26页第十五页，共26页。（三）（三）. 用于其他用于其他(qt)句型句型: 1.在在It is (high) time that 句型中句型中, 定语从句的定语从句的谓语动词用过去谓语动词用过去(guq)时时, 或或should + 动词原形动词原形(s
21、hould不能省略不能省略):eg. It is (high) time that you went to school. Its time you did something about it. It is (high) time that we should start out.第15页/共26页第十六页，共26页。2. 用于用于 if only(要是要是(yo shi)就好了就好了) 引导的感叹句中，用引导的感叹句中，用法同法同wish , 如如:eg. If only I were a bird! If only I had known her telephone number / e
22、-mail address! If only I hadnt lost it! If only the letter had arrived in time! 第16页/共26页第十七页，共26页。nothing had happened.Better take an umbrella with you. It look as if a heven rain is around the corner.第17页/共26页第十八页，共26页。第18页/共26页第十九页，共26页。1.If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A.would finish B.mus
23、t have finished C.would have finishedD.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A.will catch B.would catch C.would have caughtD.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A.write B.writen C.would write D.will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_
24、 the exam. A.would pass B.could pass C.had passed D.would have passed CCAD第19页/共26页第二十页，共26页。5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his room. A.knowB.knownC.knewD.should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day. A.have B.would have C.must have D.will have 7.If there were no water in the w
25、orld, everything _. A.will die B.would die C.would have diedD.would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen ,I would never have left her alone. A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known CABA第20页/共26页第二十一页，共26页。9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A.should finish B.finished C.wo
26、uld be finished D.be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A.you stayedB.you stayC.stayedD.stay 11. _ in your position, I would help him. A.Was IB.Were IC.If I amD.If I had been 12.I _, but I was stopp
27、ed by the heavy rain. A.mean to come B.meant to come C.had meant to comeD.meant coming DABC第21页/共26页第二十二页，共26页。13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel. A.not to stay B.not staying C.staying not D.that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A.understand it B.have understood C.be under
28、stoodD.have been understood 15.If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A.havent watchedB.hadnt watched C.didnt watch D.wouldnt have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he _ a Chinese. A.isB.beC.should beD.wereDDBD第22页/共26页第二十三页，共26页。17.If he _, he_ that
29、food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned; would not takeB.would be warned; had not takenC.had been warned;would not have takenD.would have been warned; had not taken C第23页/共26页第二十四页，共26页。1.If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. 2.Its time that
30、we _ (go) to the railway station. 3.If they_ (not help) us ,our experiment would have failed. 4.Youre five minutes late.I suggested that you _ (come )earlier tomorrow. 5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we _ (drink) a glass of water after we get up. had arrived(should) drinkhadnt help
31、ed(should) comewent/should go第24页/共26页第二十五页，共26页。6.She insisted that she_ (send) to work in the faraway small town. 7. _ I not _ (forget) his telephone number,I would have rung him. 8.He is busy now. If he _ (be) free, he_ (go) with you. 9.The manager was in his office then. If he _ (be) here, everything _ (settle) in a minute. had been, would haven been settled were,would goHad forgotten (should) be sent 第25页/共26页第二十六页，共26页。