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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流高中英语虚拟语气总结.精品文档.虚拟条件句Q: Whats the difference between the two sentences?If I am free, I will visit you. (_条件句)If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. (_条件句)a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思条件从句 主句一般现在时 will shall+动词原形e.g. What will you do
2、 if it rains tomorrow?I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.The football match _ put off if it_(rain). b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。I. 虚拟语气？虚拟语气就是表示与真实情况相反的一种假设、愿望或推测。Subjunctive mood is the verb form used to express a wish; a suggestion; a command or a condition that is contrary to a fact.
3、If I _(be ) the girl, I_(want )a big hug. If I _(meet ) Obama, I_ (shake) hands with him. 1.同现在事实相反的假设条件从句 主句过去式(were) should/would/mould/might/+ doIf I had a lot of money, I would donate some to the people in need.2.与过去事实相反的假设条件从句 主句had done would/should/could/might + have donee.g. If he had driven
4、 more carefully, he would not have had the car accident in May, 2009.If I had time last night, I would have gone to see the film with you.If I had realized it then, I would have bought a lower floor. a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you
5、_ (catch) the first train.3.与将来事实相反的假设条件从句 主句did/ were to do/ should do would/should/could/might + have done If he got up early tomorrow, he would be on time.=If he were to get up,=If he should get up early tomorrow，a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more in the future, we _ (make) use of nu
6、clear power(核动力). b. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship. 总结：if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句 主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式 (be动词一般用were)即：If+一般过去时态 (be动词一般用were)主语+would/ should/ might/ could+ 动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+动词的过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语+would/ should/ might/ could+ have done与将来事实相反的假设1.If
7、+主语+动词过去式2.If+主语+were to+动词原形3.If+主语+should+动词原形主语+would/ should/ might/ could+ 动词原形II.(时间)混合虚拟条件句即：If虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致1.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。If you _ my advice, you _ able to finish the work now. 2.如果我的你，我就去参加她的生日晚会。If I _ you, I _ to her birthday party. 3.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。If you _ me
8、 some money, I couldnt _ the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. III. 省略if 的虚拟条件句的倒装If I were Obamas daughther, I would be happy.If I had had another chance, I would have run faster.Conclusion: 在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were, had(助动词)，should时，可以使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句
9、，否定词not应置于主语之后。If you were the manager here, what would you do?=_the manager here, what would you do?If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. =_ act like that again, he would be fired immediately.If I were not so busy, I would go with you._ so busy, I would go with you.Exerci
10、se:1. _ she a man, she might be elected president. 2. If I _ a bee, I _ work much harder. 3. If my father _ here now, he _ (tell) me what to do. 4. If I _(live) in the 22nd century, I _(spend) my vocation in a very different way. 5. The volleyball match will be put off if it _(rain). IV. Wish后宾语从句的虚
11、拟(1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用过去式 (be动词一般用were) 。I wish I _(be) as tall as Yao Ming I wish I _(be) a bird. (2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。I wish I_(not eat) so much watermelon.(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形式为 “would / could / might动词原形”。(无should) I wish it _ (rain) tomorrow.wish 的宾语从句现在：过去时（did/were）过去：过去完成时 (had do
12、ne)未来：would/could/might+doI wish I _ (be) a bird.（现在）I wish I _ (make) such a mistake.（过去）We wish our parents_ (punish) us. （将来） Exercise:1. I wish I _(be) able to have a word with Danny when he was here last week.2. How I wish I _ (sing) as well as she.3. I wish very much you _manage to come over.
13、V. V. + as if/though从句中的虚拟 1.从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生. 过去式(be用were)It looks as if she were sick.2. 从句所设想的时间先与主句谓语. “had过去分词”。I feel as if we had known each other for years.Exercise:(1) He behaves as if he_(own) the house.(2) She talks about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself. (3) 他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。_Co
14、nclusion: Wish和as if/ though 的虚拟语气只要把被假设情况的时态往前推一个就可以了。比如，与一般现在时相反就推到过去时，过去时推到过去完成时VI. Would rather + (that)从句中的虚拟 现在: 过去时would rather (that)+ 过去: 过去完成时未来: 过去时1.I would rather you _(pay) me now. 2. I would rather you _ then, too.3. Dont come. I would rather you _ (come) tomorrow. VII. “(should) do型”
15、虚拟语气（主要用在名词性从句中）1. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose/recommend4). demand, require, request, ask1. We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.2. He insisted that I (should) be present.3. The king ordered that the prisoners _(k
16、ill) the next day. 4. Their request was that we _(send) them to work there. 5. He demanded that the classroom _ (clean) at once. 6. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.*7. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.*8. Tom insisted Mike _ (apologize) to his teacher, but Mike insisted tha
17、t he _ (be) not wrong. 2. It is surprising(/strange /important/ natural/no wonder/a pity /a shame) that +主语+(should) do/have done句型. (1)Its necessary that we should study hard.(2) It is strange that he should have said so.(3) It is a pity that he should have missed such a golden chance.(4) It was am
18、azing that the boy _(solve) the problem so quickly. VIII. 含蓄条件句虚拟语气(without, with, but for, or, otherwise或上下文)a. 此时主句用虚拟but for = without, were it not for/ had it not been for. “要不是因为”1.We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.=But for your help, we couldnt have finished.=If
19、 it had not been for your help, we =Had it not been for you help, we2. But for your cooperation, we couldnt have done the work so well.3. I am busy now, otherwise/ or I would help you.b.上下文语境暗示，省略虚拟条件句4. It was not a matter of money. Even a very poor man would have done the same, I think.5. Given mo
20、re time, he could have done the work better.IX. 其它句型1.Its (about/high) time +that+过去时/should +V.e.g. 你该走了。_2. If only引导的感叹句 “要是就好了”did/ were(现在)If only + sb. + had done(过去)would/could/might do(将来)(1) If only he could come!(2) If only I had known the answer!(3) If only I knew the answer!(4) If only s
21、he would visit us tomorrow!3. If it werent for和If it hadnt been for“若不是(有)” “要不是有”=Were it not for/Had it not been for= But for/ Withoute.g. (1) If it werent for water, no plant could plant.=Were it not for water, no plant could plant.= But for/ Without water, no plant could plant.(2) If it hadnt be
22、en for the doctor, he would have died.= _, he = _, heX. 情态动词表示虚拟1. would have done. 本想/打算做某事却没做2. should/ought to have done 本应该做某事却没做3.shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本不该做某事却做了4. could have done 本能够做某事却没做5. neednt have done 本不必做某事却做了6. would rather have done 宁愿过去做了某事却没做7. had better have done 最好过去做了某事却没做