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1、（北京专用）2021届高三英语下学期全真模拟卷4（含解析）（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）How can you stop smoking?It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions of people have_1_to quit and so can you.Here are a few suggestions.Prepare yourself. Decide on a day to quit. Dont choose a day that y
2、ou know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the_2_you will get from stopping smoking. Then_3_your last packet of cigarettes.Be_4_. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, _5_ yourself that you are a nonsmoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.B
3、reak the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind and_6_your hands busy.Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach_7_ a cigarette .Try some deep breathing in
4、stead. Do some relaxation exercise every time you feel stressed.Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or join a stopsmoking group. If you feel_8_， you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine ch
5、ewing gum.Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you stop smoking. If you_9_and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed. Just try again, and you will succeed _10_1A. managed BtriedCwanted Dexpected2A. values BbenefitsCresults Dprofits3A. give away Btake awayCthrow a
6、way Dkeep away4A. addicted BaccustomedCdetermined Ddepressed5A. prepare BinformCthreaten Dremind6A. especially BspeciallyCnormally Dcertainly7A. out BforCat Dto8A. desperate BsatisfiedCarbitrary Dconscious9A. stick BcontinueCweaken Dinsist10A. eventuallyBconstantlyCoccasionally Dnormally【要点综述】 本文是一篇
7、说明文，主要介绍戒烟的几条建议。1A根据句中的but可知尽管戒烟很难，但还是有成千上万的人戒掉了。manage to do sth成功做某事；try to do sth努力做某事；want to do sth想做某事；expect to do sth期望做某事。2B句意：列举你会从戒烟中得到的好处。根据第三段的“Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.”可知答案。3C句意：扔掉你兜里的最后一包烟。give away泄露，分发；take away拿走；throw away扔掉；keep away不接近。4C根据下文的“Every time yo
8、u feel like smoking a cigaretteyourself that you are a nonsmoker.”可知，你一定要意志坚定。determined意为“坚决的”，符合语境。5Dremind意为“提醒”，符合语境。6A根据本段的“Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind”可知，尤其是要让手忙起来。especially尤其是。7Breach for是固定搭配，意思是“伸手去拿”。8Adesperat
9、e绝望的；satisfied满意的；arbitrary任意的；conscious意识到的。根据语境可知是如果你感到绝望。9C从下文的“and have a cigarette”可知，如果你没那么坚强了。stick 坚持；continue继续；weaken变弱；insist坚持。10A再试一次，你终究会成功的。eventually意为“最终”，符合语境；constantly不断地；occasionally偶然地；normally正常地。根据语境可知A项正确。第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）Since the start of reform and opening-up,
10、Shenzhen 11. (grow) from a small fishing village to a modem city, with its GDP 12. (increase) soaring from less than 200 million yuan in 1980 to 2.4 trillion yuan in 2018.With a population of 12 million people, the 13. (south) city is known for its strong innovation capabilities. It is home 14. more
11、 than 14,000 national high-tech giants, including Hua-Wei and Tencent.Wang Xiaoguang, a professor of economics at the National Academy of Governance, said in 15. article published on Aug 3 in the Outlook Weekly, a magazine 16. (attach) to Xinhua News Agency, that many good examples of Chinas reform
12、and opening-up originated in Shenzhen.It has accumulated valuable experience for Chinas reform and opening-up 17. modern construction, and has made significant 18. (contribute) to exploring the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Wang said.The essential feature of socialism with Chinese
13、characteristics is the leadership of the Party, 19. plays a central role in adjusting the overall situation, he said ,20. (refer) to Shenzhen as a good example of handling the relationship between market and government since Chinas reform and opening-up began.【答案】11. has grown12. increasingly13. sou
14、thern14. to15. an16. attached17. and18. contributions 19. which20. referring【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现代化的城 市，它为中国的改革开放和现代建设积累了宝贵经验，为探索中国特色社会主义道路做出了重要贡献。11. 考查时态。句意：改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现代化的城市。since引导的时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词常用现在完成时，Shenzhen是句子主语。故填has grown。12. 考查副词。句意：深圳的GDP从1980年的不到2亿元人民币猛增到2
15、018年的2.4万亿元人民币。修饰动词soar用副词，increase（增加）是动词，它的副词是increasingly（不断增加地）。故填increasingly。13. 考查形容词。句意：深圳这个南方城市拥有1200万人口，以其强大的创新能力而闻名。使用形容词修饰名词city作定语，south（南方）是名词，它的形容词是southern（南方的）。故填southern。14. 考查固定搭配。句意：它是包括华为和腾讯在内的14,000多家国家高科技企业所在地。固定词组be home to的意思是“为的所在地”。故填to。15. 考查冠词。句意：王小光教授在一篇文章中说，中国改革开放的许多很好
16、的例子起源于深圳。根据句意此处泛指“一篇文章”，所以使用不定冠词。article是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。16. 考查非谓语动词。句意：展望周刊是新华社的一本杂志。be attached to 附属于。分析句子结构，谓语动词是said，attach是非谓语动词，因此使用attached to短语作后置定语修饰magazine。故填attached。17. 考查并列连词。句意：深圳为中国的改革开放和现代化建设积累了宝贵经验。该空应填入并列连词连接Chinas reform and opening-up和modern construction。故填and。18. 考查名词。句意：深圳为探索
17、中国特色社会主义道路做出了重要贡献。固定词组make contributions to意为“为做贡献”。故填contributions。19. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：王小光教授说，中国特色社会主义的根本特征是党的领导，它在调整大局中起着中心作用。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入引导非限定性定语从句的关系词，先行词是the leadership of the Party，从句缺主语，所以填which。故填which。20. 考查非谓语动词。句意：王小光教授提到深圳是中国改革开放以来处理市场与政府关系的一个很好的例子。分析句子结构可知，refer是非谓语动词，它与句子主语he是主动的关系，应使用
18、现在分词referring。故填referring。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A KQED is a Public Broadcasting Service station in California, US. The station is owned by Northern California Public Broadcasting. Some of its radio programs are as follows:The CoolerAs one of the most
19、 popular programs among young listeners, the Cooler is a podcast (博客) about pop culture stories and music, presented in a smart, fun and personal way. Come and join us on our journey.Time: MON-THU, 8 pm9 pm. Here & NowA live production, in cooperation with stations across the country, Here & Now ref
20、lects the world of news as its happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin YoungTime: MON-THU, 11am1 pm Mind ShiftThe Mind Shift podcast explores the innovations (创新) in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katr
21、ina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. They cover topics like how teachers are developing surprising methods to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts is helping kids develop re
22、ading skills.Time: THU-SUN, 7 pm9 pm Living on EarthLiving on Earth is a weekly news and information program about the worlds changing environment, ecology, and human health. If theres something new about climate change, environmental politics or environmental quality and human health, you can count
23、 on Host Steve Curwood and the LOE public radio news team to keep you up to date.Time: WED, 9 am10 am21. At what time can the audience enjoy pop culture stories?A. Tuesday, 8 pm9pm.B. Wednesday, 9 am10 am.C. Friday, 8 pm9pm.D. Sunday, 7pm9pm.22. From which radio program can listeners pick up news at
24、 noon?A. The Cooler.B. Here & Now.C. Mind Shift.D. Living on Earth.23. Which of these topics might be covered in Living on Earth?A. Education policies.B. Economic problems.C. Human population.D. Global warming.【答案】 A B D 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国加利福尼亚的公共广播服务中心KQED的节目，包括节目内容、播出时间等。21. 细节理解题。根据文中“The Cool
25、er”这一部分提到“As one of the most popular programs among young listeners, the Cooler is a podcast（博客）about pop culture stories and music,”the cooler是关于流行音乐的节目，其播出时间为周一至周四，根据题目要求，A项符合题意，故选A。22. 细节理解题。文章“Here & Now”部分提到该节目播出时间为周一至周四，上午11点至下午1点，B项符合题意，故选B。23. 细节理解题。文章“Living on Earth”部分提到“Living on Earth is
26、 a weekly news and information program about the worlds changing environment, ecology, and human health.”该节目是关于全球环境、生态、人类健康等方面。D项符合题意，故选D。BIn the trailer (拖车式房屋)，Sischo was refreshing the snails (锅牛）accommodations-an ongoing routine that takes days of careful work. He had found a dozen of Achatinell
27、abulimoides-a third of the worlds population of the species. Once every individual was accounted for, he cleaned the cage and packed in new leaves. The work took much trouble, but the responsibility, he said, was like “a heavy weight sitting on you.”The trailer is very vulnerable. Its designed to ke
28、ep away would-be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it. Last September , a mystery pathogon（病原体）appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species. As sad as the event was, theres no
29、good way to insure against future catastrophe. The snails cant simply be spread among zoos or other facilities: they need special equipment, experienced handlers, and a diet of native Hawaiian plants.Consequently, it can be hard for the snails minders to relax, even when they are outside the trailer
30、. “How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction? Sischo said. While action lightens the burden, yet with animals whose natural history is largely unknown, that action can be dangerous. If you do it wrong, the snails die.”Snails are neither intelligent nor beloved. Sischos f
31、riends sometimes tease him about being the strange snail guy ; strangers ask why he cares. Its hard to convince people, but he insists that if he can just get them in the trailer, they will understand why the Achatinella bulimoides are worth saving. People melt, he said“When you show them that the e
32、ntire population is in this chamber, it hits them.24. What is the trailer used for?A. Accommodating guestsB. Sheltering snailsC. Planting vegetables.D. Alarming thieves.25. What does the underlined word “vulnerable mean in paragraph?A. Quite.B. Safe.C. Easily affected.D. Well protected.26. Which of
33、the following could be the best title for the text?A. The Last of Its KindB. The Worst of TimesC. Mourn Its LossD. Resist Possible Dangerous【答案】B C C A 【解析】本文为说明文。主要说明为了拯救濒临灭绝的蜗牛物种，人类为它们制作了特殊的设备-拖车式房屋，经验丰富的驯养员和夏威夷本地植物的饮食，这些都有益于蜗牛的保护。24. 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容“The trailer. Its designed to keep away would-be
34、thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it. .As sad as the event was, theres no good way to insure against future catastrophe. The snails cant simply be spread among zoos or other facilities: they need special equipment.”可知，拖车房屋很脆弱。它的设计
35、是为了避免可能被盗，抵御飓风。但是火灾很容易摧毁它，或者疾病可以席卷它。.，但没有好的办法来防止未来的灾难。蜗牛不能简单地在动物园或其他设施中生存：它们需要特殊的设备.。这个特殊的设备就是the trailer。由此可知，这个和the trailer 是给蜗牛住的房子，是收容蜗牛，为其遮风挡雨的。分析选项可知，故B项符合题意。25. 猜测词义题。根据划线词The trailer is very vulnerable后的内容 “ Its designed to keep away would-be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire cou
36、ld easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it. Last September , a mystery pathogen appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species.”拖车房屋的设计是为了防止潜在的盗窃，并抵御飓风。但是一场火灾可以轻易地摧毁它，或者一种疾病可以席卷它。由此可推断出，这种拖车房屋很容易被火烧，疾病可摧毁它，所以它是易受其他因素影响的。故选C。26.主旨大意题。
37、根据第一段中的“. He had found a dozen of Achatinella bulimoides -a third of the worlds population of the species”一天他发现了12种蜗牛，占世界蜗牛总数的三分之一。第二段中的“Last September , a mystery pathogon（病原体）appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species.” 去年9月,一个谜似的 (病原体进入了拖车中蜗
38、牛吃的树叶, 几乎杀死整个物种。第三段中的“How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction?” Sischo said。“你的决定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么能不担心呢？你的决定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么能不担心呢？”由此可推断出：这种蜗牛的数量极少，也就是说“这种物种最后的几条蜗牛“。分析选项可知A项“这种物种最后的几条蜗牛”为短文最佳标题。故选A。CFood experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the ki
39、tchen sink or nearby food. But its been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing （冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, a
40、nd that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.The do not wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasnt caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Car
41、olina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread eve
42、n if its not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli （大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up sp
43、reading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest
44、and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you arent out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.27. People dont accept USDAs advice because_.A. the advice is relatively newB. cleanin
45、g seems more trustworthyC. cooks clean the turkey before cooking itD. heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food28. What can be concluded from Paragraph 4?A. Food packages carry germs.B. Hands and surfaces are easy to get E. coli.C. Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or no
46、t.D. Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.29. Which way may help to cook a turkey safely?A. Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.B. Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.C. Wash hands and packages before taking out the turkey.D. Use a thermometer to che
47、ck the temperature of the turkey.30. From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?A. Culture.B. Science.C. Education.D. Medicine.【答案及解析】 B C D B本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡。27. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The do not wash raw po
48、ultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasnt caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman.”可知，查普曼说，美国农业部提出的“不清洗生禽”的建议相对较新，但可能还没有流行起来，因为这违背了人们普遍认为的“清洗可以使东西干净”的观念，由此可知，人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗似乎更值得信赖，故B项正确。28. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading