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1、专项五 中考题型 重难点42 短文填空之提示词填空此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。该题型主要考查考生在理解句子意思的基础上将汉语译成英语单词，从而完成英文单词的拼写。所填的单词多为句中比较重要的常用单词，以名词、代词、动词、数词、形容词和副词等实词最为多见。典例解析（2022贵州安顺统考中考真题）根据短文内中
2、文意思，补全英语翻译。A vegetarian (素食者) is someone who doesnt eat meat. Being a vegetarian has become a popular choice. _1_ (实际上), one in 200 kids in the US is a vegetarian. Most people choose to be vegetarians for many reasons.First, they believe that a vegetarians diet _2_ (对有好处) their health. It usually ha
3、s less fat than a diet (饮食) that includes meat. Vegetarians eat a low-fat diet to keep fit. A vegetarian diet also provides many vitamins that people cant _3_ (从得到) the meat. These vitamins protect people from some diseases.Second, many vegetarians are _4_ (对担心) how animals are raised and killed for
4、 food. They hope animals can be better treated.Finally, they think _5_ (成为一名素食者能帮助地球). People use more energy, water and land to raise animals for food than to grow fruit and vegetables. Also, animals put greenhouse gases into the air. These gases cause global warming.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了人们选择成为素食者的原因。【答案解析
5、】1句意：实际上，美国每200个孩子中就有一个是素食主义者。actually/in fact“实际上”，在句中作状语，句首需大写首字母。故填Actually/In fact。2句意：首先，他们相信素食对他们的健康有好处。be good for“对有好处”，时态是一般现在时，主语是“a vegetarians diet”，be动词用is。故填is good for。3句意：素食还提供了许多人们无法从肉类中获得的维生素。get from“从得到”，情态动词cant后用动词原形。故填get from。4句意：第二，许多素食主义者担心动物是如何被饲养和宰杀的。be worried about“对担心”
6、，固定短语。故填worried about。5句意：最后，他们认为成为一名素食者能帮助地球。be a vegetarian can help the planet“成为一名素食者能帮助地球”，使用动名词在从句中作主语，故填being a vegetarian can help the planet。（2022浙江金华统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。London Zoo is one of the top attractions in Britain and it is the worlds _1_（最老的）scientific zoo.
7、It was built over 180 years ago. Now it is run by the Zoological Society of London. The zoo can be found in the heart of London. _2_（虽然）it lies in the middle of the city, the zoo still has a large _3_（数目）of animals to see, including lions, giraffes, tigers, _4_（猴子）and so on. In fact, there are 750 d
8、ifferent groups, making it one of the largest collections of animals in the UK. The zoo is _5_（分成）into many different areas, such as Lions and Tigers, where you can get very close to a family of beautiful but endangered big cats from Asia. These places are great fun to explore and help make it very
9、_6_（受欢迎的）with tourists from different parts of the world. Shopping can also be done in the zoo. There are several places where you can buy food and drink. Gifts _7_（两者）about the zoo and the city can be bought in many shops. The best way to _8_（到达）the zoo is to take the underground. As it is in the _
10、9_（北面）end of Regents Park, it only takes ten minutes to walk _10_（穿过）the park from Regents Park Underground Station.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了伦敦动物园的情况，介绍了它的位置，里面的设施以及人们在里面可以做哪些活动。【答案解析】1句意：伦敦动物园是英国最著名的景点之一，也是世界上最古老的科学动物园。根据中文提示可知，此空应填形容词最高级oldest表示“最古老的”，故填oldest。2句意：虽然它位于城市的中心，动物园仍然有大量的动物可以看，包括狮子，长颈鹿，老虎，猴子等。根据中
11、文提示可知，although/though表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填Although/Though。3句意：虽然它位于城市的中心，动物园仍然有大量的动物可以看，包括狮子，长颈鹿，老虎，猴子等。根据中文提示可知，number表示“数目”，a large number of表示“大量的”，故填number。4句意：虽然它位于城市的中心，动物园仍然有大量的动物可以看，包括狮子，长颈鹿，老虎，猴子等。根据中文提示可知，monkey表示“猴子”，此空与lions，giraffes构成并列关系，故此空应填名词复数形式，故填monkeys。5句意：动物园被分成许多不同的
12、区域。根据中文提示可知，divide表示“分成”，is与过去分词构成一般现在时被动语态，故此空应填过去分词，故填divided。6句意：探索这些地方是非常有趣的，并使它受到世界各地游客的欢迎。根据中文提示可知，popular“受欢迎的”，形容词作宾补，故填popular。7句意：在许多商店都能买到有关动物园和城市的礼物。根据中文提示可知，both表示“两者”，bothand表示“和都”，故填both。8句意：去动物园最好的方法是乘地铁。根据中文提示可知，reach表示“到达”，及物动词，后可直接接宾语，动词不定式作后置定语，空格前已有to，此空应填动词原形，故填reach。9句意：由于它位于摄
13、政公园的北端，从摄政公园地铁站步行穿过公园只需要十分钟。根据中文提示可知，此空应填north或northern表示“北面”，故填north/northern。10句意：由于它位于摄政公园的北端，从摄政公园地铁站步行穿过公园只需要十分钟。根据中文提示可知，walk through/across表示“步行穿过”，故填through/across。（2022浙江丽水统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。Finland, a small country located in Northern Europe along the Baltic Sea, t
14、he Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, is a beautiful place to _11_（参观）.Winter is the most popular season in Finland. The _12_（太阳） , disappears for months in the northernmost part of the country. People have to wear very heavy _13_（外套） to keep warm. The white snow, bright moon and stars, and if
15、 you are _14_（幸运的）enough the colorful Northern Lights create the _15_（著名的） and surprising light and magical scene. One of the best ways to experience the scene is to sleep in a _16_ （玻璃）hut, surrounded by nature. You can just stay _17_（在里面）, warm and comfortable, looking at the night sky and waiting
16、.The air quality in Finland is the best in the world according to the data from WHO. As 75% of the country is covered by forests, people can connect with nature _18_（容易地）. Finnish people often enjoy the small things in _19_（日常的）lives, like just sitting quietly by a lake. So if you have the chance to
17、 Finland, just take a deep breath, hike in the forest or simply _20_（休息）on a smooth rock by the sea.【短文大意】本文讲述芬兰的地理位置，天气和良好的空气质量，人们在芬兰可以享受的活动。【答案解析】11句意：芬兰，位于北欧，波罗的海，波的尼亚湾和芬兰海湾沿岸的一个小国家，是一个美丽的地方，值得人们参观。名词“place”后用动词不定式作后置定语，表示“参观”用动词“visit”。故填visit。12句意：太阳在国家的北部大部分地方消失好几个月。句子缺主语，根据“disappears”可知主语是单数
18、概念，表达“太阳”用名词“sun”。故填sun。13句意：人们必须穿很厚重的外套来取暖。动词“wear”后缺宾语，根据“people”可知是复数概念，表达“外套”用复数名词“coats”。故填coats。14句意：白色的雪，明亮的月亮和星星，还有，如果你足够幸运，你可以看到多彩的北极光。句子用“形容词+enough”的结构，表达“幸运的”用形容词“lucky”作表语。故填lucky。15句意：创作出著名的让人惊奇的光和魔幻的场景。根据“and surprising”可知用形容词形成并列结构，表达“著名的”用形容词“famous”或“well-known”。故填famous/well-known
19、。16句意：经历这个场景的最好的方式之一是睡在一个玻璃屋里，被大自然包围着。表达“玻璃屋”，名词“hut”前用名词“glass”作定语。故填glass。17句意：你可以只是待在屋里面，温暖舒适，看着夜空等待着。动词“stay”用副词修饰，表达“在里面”用副词“inside”。故填inside。18句意：国家四分之三的地方覆盖着森林，人们很容易亲近自然。动词“connect”用副词修饰，表达“容易地”用副词“easily”。故填easily。19句意：芬兰人经常享受日常生活里的小事物，比如只是静静地坐在湖边。名词“lives”用形容词修饰，表达“日常的”用形容词“daily”作定语。故填dail
20、y。20句意：因此如果你有机会去芬兰，只要深呼吸，在森林里远足或者只是在海边的平滑的岩石上休息。根据“take a deep breath, hike in the forest or”可知用动词原形形成并列，表达“休息”用动词“rest”。故填rest。（2022浙江温州统考中考真题）根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。Chen Gang is a professor from China University of Geosciences. His son, Chen Lihao, is a university _21_ (学生). They reached the
21、 top of Mount Qomolangma, the worlds highest peak, on _22_ (四月) 30th, 2022. During their journey, they did scientific research and _23_ (收集) ice, snow, plants and pieces of rocks. They were honoured as _24_ (英雄) after they returned.Chen Gang likes _25_ (爬) mountains. He has been to the Qinghai-Tibet
22、 Plateau many times over the past _26_ (九) years. Although he meets lots of difficulties, he _27_ (从不) thinks of giving up. He nicely connects his hobby with his career. As for his _28_ (勇敢的) son Chen Lihao, he is a national first-class mountaineer. He always _29_ (训练) hard and gets ready for more c
23、hallenges. The father and son _30_ (两者都) show great courage and abilities. They closely combine their personal futures with national needs.【短文大意】本文主要讲陈刚和陈李昊父子俩成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的事情及他们的经历。【答案解析】21句意：他的儿子，陈李昊，是一名大学生。“学生”student，a后用其单数形式。故填student。22句意：2022年4月30日，他们登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰。“四月”April，专有名词。故填April。23句意：在旅途中
24、，他们做了科学研究，收集了冰、雪、植物和岩石。“收集”collect。根据“did”可知用一般过去时，collect的过去式为collected。故填collected。24句意：他们回来后被尊为英雄。“英雄”hero，根据“They”可知用复数，hero的复数形式为heroes。故填heroes。25句意：陈刚喜欢爬山。“爬”climb，like doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填climbing。26句意：在过去的9年里，他多次来到青藏高原。根据“years”可知此处用基数词，“九”nine。故填nine。27句意：虽然他遇到了很多困难，但他从来没有想过放弃。“从不”never，副词
25、作状语。故填never。28句意：至于他勇敢的儿子陈李昊，他是国家一级登山运动员。“勇敢的”brave，形容词作定语。故填brave。29句意：他总是刻苦训练，准备迎接更多的挑战。“训练”train。根据“gets”可知勇一般现在时，主语“He”后用动词第三人称单数形式trains。故填trains。30句意：这对父子都表现出极大的勇气和能力。“两者都”both。故填both。（2022浙江绍兴统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。Nurse CharlieSeveral months ago, I had a car accident and
26、required an operation. My wife Geraldine, told me that for the three days I was in hospital, our black dog, Charlie, _31_ (躺) at the door waiting for my return.Charlie is _32_ (六) years old. Whenever I go out and cant take him with me, he patiently waits at the _33_ (前面) door for me. Geraldine says
27、that at times he will not leave his place even when facing delicious food very _34_ (不寻常) for a dog.After I returned home, Charlie must have sensed that there was something different about me. For my _35_ (安全), he did not jump up to greet me, although his moving tail _36_ (清晰) showed that he was hap
28、py to see me. Instead, he waited till I could comfortably _37_ (休息) in bed. Then he hesitantly (踌躇地) came close to me and sat at the foot of my bed.As I started to become more mobile, he played with me in a more gentle way. I am now much healthier and _38_ (有时) we go for walks together. Charlie does
29、 not _39_ (拉) hard on the lead. Besides, his steps try to suit _40_ (我的).I could not have asked for a more careful nurse.【短文大意】本文主要讲述了作者在出车祸住院期间，他的狗在门口等着他回来，在他回来之后，狗狗温柔地陪着作者。【答案解析】31句意：我的妻子Geraldine告诉我，在我住院的三天里，我们的黑狗Charlie躺在门口等我回来。躺：lie，描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式lay。故填lay。32句意：Charlie六岁了。六：six，此处表示年龄用基数
30、词。故填six。33句意：他耐心地在前门等我。此处修饰名词door用形容词front“前面的”。故填front。34句意：有时即使面对美味的食物，他也不会离开他的地方这对狗来说是很不寻常的。不寻常的：unusual/uncommon。故填unusual/uncommon。35句意：为了我的安全，他并没有跳起来迎接我。形容词性物主代词my后加名词safety“安全”，不可数名词。故填safety。36句意：虽然他那移动的尾巴清楚地表明他很高兴见到我。此处修饰动词showed用副词clearly“清晰地”。故填clearly。37句意：相反，他一直等到我可以舒服地躺在床上休息。休息：rest/re
31、lax，情态动词could后加动词原形。故填rest/relax。38句意：我现在健康多了，有时我们一起散步。有时：sometimes，频度副词。故填sometimes。39句意：Charlie并没有在前面用力拉。拉：pull，助动词does后加动词原形。故填pull。40句意：此外，他的脚步尽量适合我的。此处指“我的脚步”，空格后没有名词，此处用名词性物主代词mine“我的”。故填mine。（2022浙江湖州统考中考真题）根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。The tradition of tea drinking began in China thousa
32、nds of years ago. It soon became _41_ (流行的；受欢迎的) because it was healthy and gave people energy. Later, tea was brought to some countries in _42_ (东方的) Asia, such as Japan and Korea. Nowadays, Chinese tea has become a world drink.Some of the worlds tastiest teas _43_ (生长) in China. Oolong tea is one
33、of the best and it has many different kinds. One of them has a light brown _44_ (颜色) and tastes like honey. Another special kind has a heavier, burnt taste.Perhaps the best way for beginners to enjoy tea is to _45_ (出席；参加) traditional tea art performances which are held at tea houses and tea farms a
34、round the country.Several steps are planned _46_ (细致地；小心地) in each performance. First, heat the pots and tea cups with warm water. Then, put some tea _47_ (叶子) into the teapot. Next, pour hot water from a specific height. After that, make sure the tea is boiled for a proper time.When the tea is read
35、y, drinkers should _48_ (闻到；嗅) it before taking a sip. Its _49_ (有礼貌的) to finish each cup in three small sips. The performance provides a chance to appreciate this valuable _50_ (礼物；馈赠) from nature.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了中国的饮茶传统。【答案解析】41句意：它很快就流行起来，因为它有益健康，给人以能量。根据“became”和中文提示可知，需要形容词作表语，popular“流行的”符合句意；故填p
36、opular。42句意：后来，茶被带到了东亚的一些国家，如日本和韩国。根据“Asia”和中文提示可知，可以用名词或形容词修饰名词，East Asia/easten Asia“东亚”符合句意；故填East/eastern。43句意：世界上一些最美味的茶叶生长在中国。根据“Some of the worlds tastiest teas”和中文提示可知，是一般现在时态，主语是复数，动词用原形，grow“生长”符合句意；故填grow。44句意：其中一种是浅棕色的，吃起来像蜂蜜。根据“a light brown”和中文提示可知，需要一个名词单数，color/colour“颜色”符合句意；故填color
37、/colour。45句意：对于初学者来说，品茶最好的方式可能是参加在全国各地的茶馆和茶场举行的传统茶艺表演。根据“is to ”和中文提示可知，需要一个动词原形，attend“参加”符合句意；故填attend。46句意：每次演出都要精心策划好几个步骤。根据“Several steps are planned”和中文提示可知，需要副词修饰动词，carefully“小心地”符合句意；故填carefully。47句意：然后，在茶壶里放一些茶叶。根据中文提示可知，leaf“叶子”，可数名词；结合“some”，需要名词复数，leaves符合句意；故填leaves。48句意：当茶准备好后，饮茶者应该闻一闻
38、再喝一口。根据“should”和中文提示可知，需要一个动词原形，smell“闻到”符合句意；故填smell。49句意：在三小口内喝完每一杯是礼貌的。根据“Its”和中文提示可知，需要形容词作表语，polite“礼貌的”符合句意；故填polite。50句意：演出提供了一个机会来欣赏这个来自大自然的珍贵礼物。根据“this valuable”和中文提示可知，需要一个名词单数，gift/present“礼物”符合句意；故填gift/present。（2022浙江嘉兴统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词)。Most kids love sweets. Wh
39、y? When we eat or _51_ (喝) sweet food, the sugar enters our blood and influences our brain. It _52_ (留下) good feelings with us, making us want more. In fact, all _53_ (美味的) foods do this, but sugar has an especially strong power. Thats why doctors _54_ (总是) advise us to cut down on sugar.Early human
40、s often had very little food, so our _55_ (身体) learned to store a lot of sugar as fat. In this way, we _56_ (节省) energy for when there was no food. But today, most people have more than enough. So it may now be harming our _57_ (健康).Its certain that we need to eat _58_ (更少的) sugar. The trouble is th
41、at, in todays world, our foods are filled with sugar. Although our _59_ (餐) look better, large amounts of sugar are often added. To solve the problem, we should take more exercise, _60_ (两次) a week at least. And remember, next time you want some cookies, eat an apple instead.【短文大意】本文主要讲了摄入糖分太多的危害以及如
42、何解决这个问题。【答案解析】51句意：当我们吃或喝甜食时，糖会进入我们的血液并影响我们的大脑。根据中文提示可知，drink表示“喝”，根据“eat”可知，此空应填动词原形，故填drink。52句意：它给我们留下美好的感觉，让我们想要更多。根据中文提示可知，leave表示“留下”，句子是一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填leaves。53句意：事实上，所有美味的食物都会这样做，但糖有一种特别强的力量。根据中文提示可知，delicious表示“美味的”，形容词作定语，故填delicious。54句意：这就是为什么医生总是建议我们少吃糖。根据中文提示可知，always表示“总是
43、”，频度副词，故填always。55句意：早期人类通常只有很少的食物，所以我们的身体学会了以脂肪的形式储存大量的糖。根据中文提示可知，body表示“身体”，根据“our”可知，此空应填名词复数形式，故填bodies。56句意：通过这种方式，我们为没有食物的时候节省了能量。根据中文提示可知，save表示“节省”，根据前一句“had”可知，此句也用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填saved。57句意：所以现在它可能正在损害我们的健康。根据中文提示可知，health“健康”，不可数名词，故填health。58句意：我们需要少吃糖，这是肯定的。根据中文提示可知，修饰不可数名词sugar，要用little
44、的比较级less表示“更少的”，故填less。59句意：虽然我们的食物看起来更好，但经常添加大量的糖。根据中文提示可知，meal表示“餐”，根据后半句的“are”可知，此句是一般现在时，look是动词原形，所以此空应填名词复数形式，故填meals。60句意：为了解决这个问题，我们应该多锻炼，至少一周两次。根据中文提示可知，twice表示“两次”，twice a week“一周两次”，故填twice。（2022浙江台州统考中考真题）根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。My heart is filled with love. Recently, Im so _6
45、1_ (感激的) for the support of a very dear friend of mine. With his help, I can realize my dream of making a kind act. It _62_ (带来) me more power in my life.We live in a small African city. As you know, people are _63_ (贫穷的) and its hard for them to find jobs. Ive been looking forward to opening a _64_
46、 (汤) kitchen for many years. I hope to help the _65_ (当地的) people in need. My friend helps me create a Facebook _66_ (页面) called Sunshine. On it, we usually _67_ (分享) our kind activities with our friends. These days, Im making hearty food while my friend is handing our clothes to the homeless. There
47、 are so many people living on the _68_ (街道), which shocks me a lot.We want to _69_ (邀请) more people to join us. The act of love by giving has touched my heart greatly. Sometimes Im tired at the end of the day, but I _70_ (仍然) love the journey Im on. Because of the project, my life becomes so meaningful. I just know what Im doing now may make a difference to some peoples life.【短文大意】本文主要讲述了在朋友的帮助下，作