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1、专项五 中考题型 重难点38 短文填空之自由填空短文自由填空题型满分技巧1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。2.无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, b
2、ut, or等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空810个单词，且没有任何提示，让考
3、生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。典例解析下文是是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的小贴士（tips)，请根据上下文，把短文填充完整，每空一词。Tips for teenagersStep 1: Be active in class Giving a speech in class might be_1_ but it helps to make you feel more confident(自信）. Its OK_2_ you give the wrong answer. All smart students do and your classmates wo
4、nt really care.Step 2: Getting enough rest People cant _3_ well when they are tired. Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.Step 3: Develop healthy habits Starting your young life _4_good habits helps you have a healthy future. Do some exercise and eat healthy_5_.【短文大意】本文是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生
5、活的建议：课上要活跃；要有足够的休息；养成健康的习惯。【答案解析】【1题详解】句意：在课堂上演讲可能很难，但它有助于让你感到更自信.连词but前后表示转折关系，but后表示在课上做演讲的好处，因此but前表示在课上做演讲的困难，作为系动词be的表语，用形容词，故填difficult。【2题详解】句意：如果你回答错了，也没关系。根据“All smart students do and your classmates wont really care.”可知，聪明的学生都这么做（犯错误），你的同学不会真的在乎。因此如果回答错了，也没有关系。故填if。【3题详解】句意：人们累了就不能很好地工作或学习
6、或做事。根据“Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks.”可知，确保你有足够的睡眠和学习休息。因此人们累了就不能很好地工作，学习或做事。故填workstudydo。【4题详解】句意：从小养成好习惯能帮助你拥有健康的未来。start with用开始，用好习惯开始，with good habits。故填with。【5题详解】句意：做一些运动，吃健康的食物。根据“Develop healthy habits”和“eat”可知，要养成健康的习惯，因此要吃健康的食物，故填food。（2022重庆统考中考真题）根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处
7、填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Miss Wang recently had a worrying experience.One morning, just as she arrived at her _1_, Wang noticed some missed calls from her mother. “It must be something very important,” she thought to herself.Right away, she called her mother _2_ quite worriedly. To her surprise, Wang foun
8、d her mother only wanted her charger (充电器), which Wang took to the office by mistake.When Wang hurried home from her office, she found her mothers _3_ was still 70% charged. And her mother was worried that it would run out of power as she continued using it.Now Wang realizes the seriousness of the p
9、roblem. Her mother _4_ eight hours a day playing games, reading news and watching short videos online. And her mother has problems like poor eyesight, headache and so on.This story is not special and Wangs mother is not _5_. She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in p
10、laying with phones. As the old have _6_ chances to join in social activities, a smart phone is the best way to kill time.But too much time on phone can cause many problems. “Be careful when using your phones, _7_ you will be easily fooled!” Although the old are always warned like this, online frauds
11、 (欺骗) still happen to them. Now there are more family problems. Action should be taken.For the old, they should control their screen time and get enough rest. The young, for their part, should often visit the old, and help them learn more about online safety so that they can _8_ themselves. Also, th
12、e young can do more activities with the old like talking, walking and traveling, or encourage them to learn something at the universities for the aged.【短文大意】本文通过王小姐和她母亲的经历告诉我们老人现在过度使用手机，这样会引起很多问题，所以作者建议年轻人要多拜访老人，老人也要多做一些其他活动。【答案解析】1句意：一天早上，她刚到办公室，就注意到她妈妈的一些未接电话。根据“When Wang hurried home from her off
13、ice”可知她到达了办公室，office“办公室”。故填office。2句意：马上，她很着急的给妈妈回了电话。根据“she called her mother.”以及上文可知，看到妈妈的未接电话，会回电话，call sb. back“给某人回电话”。故填back。3句意：王小姐从办公室赶回家时，发现妈妈的手机还有70%的电量。根据“she found her mothers.was still 70% charged”以及上文可知她妈妈的手机还有电，phone“电”，指她妈妈的手机，名词用单数。故填phone。4句意：她的母亲每天花八个小时玩游戏、阅读新闻和在线观看短视频。根据“eight h
14、ours a day playing games.”可知是花费时间做某事，主语是人，用spend“花费”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填spends。5句意：这个故事并不特别，王的母亲并不是唯一的例子。根据“This story is not special”以及“She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones”可知王小姐的母亲不是唯一的一个沉迷手机的例子，alone“单独的”。故填alone。6句意：由于老年人参
15、加社交活动的机会较少，智能手机是打发时间的最佳方式。根据“a smart phone is the best way to kill time”可知他们用手机打发时间，因为他们参加社交活动的机会相较于年轻人来说更少，故此处用比较级，修饰可数名词复数用fewer“更少”。故填fewer。7句意：使用手机时要小心，否则很容易上当！根据“Be careful when using your phones.you will be easily fooled”可知此处是结构“祈使句+or+陈述句”，表示“用手机时要小心，否则很容易被欺骗”。故填or。8句意：对于年轻人来说，他们应该经常拜访老年人，并帮助
16、他们更多地了解网络安全，以便他们能够保护自己。根据“help them learn more about online safety so that they can.themselves”可知让老人了解网络安全，这样老人能保护自己，protect“保护”，情态动词can后加动词原形。故填protect。（2022重庆统考中考真题）根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。As students, you should study hard. More importantly, you should study in a smart way. Try these m
17、ethods below.Spaced Repetition According to Ebbinghaus, youll _9_ easily if you dont review in time. After you read your study material for the first time, youd better come back to it 6 hours later, then 24 hours later, 3 days later, 7 days later or even 14 days later and above. Repeat it _10_ least
18、 5 times, and you can almost remember everything. Jim Kwiks Technique(方法)According to Jim Kwik,an expert on reading and the memory, the key to understanding your reading material is to ask question. You can put a line down the _11_ of a piece of paper. On the left, take notes of key information,whil
19、e on the right, write down 3 kinds of questionshow, when and why. Among the questions, the most important _12_ is how you can use the key information. Connect it with the knowledge youve _13_ known. And think about what real life problems you can solve by using it. This helps to keep the information
20、 your mind.The Feynman TechniqueStudies show students can understand what theyve learned better when they _14_ someone else. The Feynman technique includes 4 basic steps. First, study. Second, teach what youve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in _15_ words. Third, find out
21、which parts you can explain well and which parts you cant. Go back to the book and try to understand the topic once again. Fourth, repeat the steps above_16_ you can explain the topic without looking at the book. 【短文大意】本文主要讲述了三种学习方法。【答案解析】9句意：根据艾宾浩斯的说法，如果你不及时复习，你很容易忘记。根据“easily if you dont review in
22、 time”以及常识可知不及时复习容易遗忘，forget“忘记”，will后加动词原形。故填forget。10句意：重复至少5次，你几乎可以记住所有内容。根据“least 5 times”可知是至少5次，at least“至少”。故填at。11句意：你可以在一张纸的中间画一条线。根据“You can put a line down the.of a piece of paper. On the left.while on the right.”可知是在纸的中间画一条线，the middle of“的中间”。故填middle。12句意：在这些问题中，最重要的是如何使用关键信息。根据“Among
23、the questions, the most important”可知是最重要的问题，此处用one代指可数名词单数。故填one。13句意：将它与你已经知道的知识联系起来。根据“Connect it with the knowledge youve.known”可知是把问题和已经知道的知识联系起来，already“已经”，副词。故填already。14句意：研究表明，当学生教别人时，他们可以更好地理解他们学到的东西。根据“Second, teach what youve just learned to.”可知当学生教别人时，他们学得更好，teach“教”，描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语是th
24、ey，谓语动词用原形。故填teach。15句意：其次，用其他的语言把你刚刚学到的东西教给对这个主题知识为零的人。根据“teach what youve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in.words”可知是用其他的话把自己学到的知识教给别人，other“其他的”，后加名词复数。故填other。16句意：第四，重复上面的步骤，直到你不用看书就能解释这个话题。根据“repeat the steps above.you can explain the topic without looking at the bo
25、ok”可知是重复这些步骤直到可以解释，until“直到”，引导时间状语从句。故填until。（2022湖南岳阳统考中考真题）根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。How does the tea plant grow? This term, some students got their answers in the schools rooftop(屋顶) garden. Many schools have built small gardens on their teaching buildings rooftop. Some students planted tea
26、 plants there. While taking _17_ of tea plants, they also did experiments to learn more about tea. How to _18_ egg soup and sandwiches? Some students learned to cook in an after-school cooking club. To parents _19_, their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time. In the past, Chinese child
27、ren were sometimes busier after school _20_ they had to take so many after-school classes. Now, students join all kinds of clubs. Why do students have free time to _21_ up their hobbies? Because China has introduced the “double reduction” policy(双减政策). It hopes to ease(减轻) students learning burden(负
28、担) _22_ reducing homework and after-school classes. Students lives have changed a lot since the policy was carried out. On the one hand, their homework is clearly _23_ than before, they arent encouraged to buy workbooks(练习册) any more. Teenagers have more chances to get knowledge from the real life.
29、This is a much better way than just hitting the books. On the other hand, students spend more time _24_ after-school clubs. They get lots of life skills from these colorful clubs and have enough time to relax and think for _25_. Its believed _26_ the “double reduction” policy makes a difference to s
30、tudents lives.【短文大意】本文主要讲述了“双减政策”之后，孩子们课外生活和学习生活的变化。【答案解析】17句意：在照顾茶树的同时，他们也做实验来了解更多关于茶的知识。根据“Some students planted tea plants there.”可知，照顾植物，take care of“照顾”；故填care。18句意：怎样做鸡蛋汤和三明治？根据“egg soup and sandwiches”可知，制作鸡蛋汤和三明治；结合How to do，需要动词原形；故填make。19句意：令父母惊讶的是，他们的孩子可以在短时间内做一些简单的菜。根据“their kids could
31、cook some simple dishes in a short time”可知，孩子们短时间内学会了简单的菜，父母很惊讶，to ones surprise“令人惊讶的是”；故填surprise。20句意：在过去，中国的孩子放学后有时更忙，因为他们要参加很多课外班。根据“they had to take so many after-school classes”可知，此句是前句的原因，because符合句意；故填because。21句意：为什么学生有空闲时间从事他们的爱好？take up“从事（某一种兴趣爱好）”，结合have time to do，需要动词原形；故填take。22句意：它
32、希望通过减少家庭作业和课外课程来减轻学生的学习负担。根据“reducing homework and after-school classes”可知，通过减少家庭作业和课外班来减轻负担，by“通过”符合句意；故填by。23句意：一方面，他们的作业明显比以前少了。根据“than before”可知，作业比之前少，less“更少”符合句意；故填less。24句意：另一方面，学生花更多的时间参加课外俱乐部。根据“after-school clubs”可知，参加课外俱乐部，结合spend sth doing sth，需要动名词，joining符合句意；故填joining。25句意：他们从这些丰富多彩的
33、俱乐部获得了很多生活技能，有足够的时间放松和独立思考。根据“have enough time to relax and think”可知，有时间独立思考，主语是they，其反身代词是themselves；故填themselves。26句意：据说，“双减”政策对学生的生活产生了影响。分析句子结构可知，是主语从句，需要that作引导词，故填that。（2022山西统考中考真题）请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯。每空一词。Kids Body LanguageDo you want to know your kids well? If so, just start
34、 with their body language.We all talk, but most of the talking is body language. You may not notice it, _27_ we use body language much more than we think.Usually kids body language is the same _28_ adults, and sometimes it sends a different message. Here are some examples. Lets see what they mean.No
35、t standing straightA kid _29_ doesnt stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. He might not feel very good about himself, or _30_ might just be thinking about something else! Its not always easy to say, and most of the time he wont tell you _31_ is the matter.My advice: if there are n
36、o health problems, dont care.Not looking you in the eyeA kid who doesnt look you in the eye may not believe in himself, or he may be afraid _32_ his elders. He may also feel uncomfortable looking at anybody. There _33_ a few things that you can do. Try to do things with them that dont require lookin
37、g at you. You could also pretend(假装) not to notice it.My advice: _34_ they are smart, friendly and polite, itll probably be OK.If you are interested _35_ kids body language, welcome to my corner. We will talk more about it from 8:00 _36_ 9:00 p.m. on Monday.【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍孩子们的肢体语言，并针对不同情况给出一些建议。【答
38、案解析】27句意：你可能没有注意到，但我们使用肢体语言的次数比我们想象的要多。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接，故填but。28句意：通常孩子们的肢体语言和成年人的是一样的，有时它传递的是不同的信息。the same as“与相同”，故填as。29句意：一个不站直的孩子可能会感到不开心或只是感到有点沮丧。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，用who/that连接，故填who/that。30句意：他可能对自己感觉不太好，或者他可能只是在想别的事情！结合前句中的“He”可知，此处也用he作主语，故填he。31句意：说出来总是不容易，大多数时候他也不会告诉你发生了什么事。此处是宾语从
39、句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，用what连接，故填what。32句意：一个不直视你眼睛的孩子可能不相信他自己，或者他害怕长辈。be afraid of“害怕”，故填of。33句意：有一些你可以做的事情。此处是there be句型，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数a few things，故填are。34句意：我的建议是：如果他们聪明、友好、有礼貌，这可能是没问题的。“they are smart, friendly and polite”是“itll probably be OK”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故填if。35句意：如果你对孩子的肢体语言感兴趣，欢迎来到我的角落。be
40、 interested in“对感兴趣”，故填in。36句意：我们将在周一晚上8点到9点详细讨论。from.to.“从到”，故填to。（2022河南统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。CarlosA great saying always helps a lot. There _37_ a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live _38_ good life. Whats your favorite Chinese saying? Vote (投票) for
41、 your favorite saying and tell us why you like it.RebeccaMy favorite saying is, “To have faults (错误) and not to correct them, this, indeed, is to have faults.” I agree with the saying. For example, _39_ took me much time to learn new words when I began learning Chinese. I didnt want to put in the ti
42、me to practice. That was my greatest weakness. So I try _40_ correct it by finding an enjoyable way to study. Reading is really a good start.Rosa“When I have two others with me, I can always find one to be my teacher” is one of my favorites. Whenever I practice _41_ my classmates, I will think of th
43、is great saying. I can learn a lot from others, even from the mistakes.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了一些中国谚语。【答案解析】37句意：中国有很多伟大的谚语，其中许多是关于如何过好生活的。分析句子可知时态是一般现在时，且是there be句型，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选are。38句意：中国有很多伟大的谚语，其中许多是关于如何过好生活的。根据”many of them are about how to live.good life.“可知此处需要一个表示泛指的冠词，且good是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a修饰，故填a。
44、39句意：例如，当我开始学习中文的时候，我花了很多时间来学习新单词。此处是考查固定句型it takes sb time to do sth”花费某人时间做某事“，故填it。40句意：所以我试图通过寻找一种愉快的学习方式来纠正它。固定短语try to do sth“试图做某事”，故填to。41句意：每当我和同学们一起练习时，我就会想起这句名言。根据“Whenever I practice.my classmates”可知此处是指和同学一起练习，with“和”，是介词，符合语境，故填with。（2022广东统考中考真题）请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。Would
45、 you like to start your day with a cup of tea? If the answer is _42_, you may have the same habit as many people.You may not know _43_ popular tea is. Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the two choices. People like it because it is _44_ for their health.Tea is mostly produced _45_ Asian countr
46、ies like China and India. Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years _46_. At that time, people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot _47_.Tea wasnt introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has _48_ popular in Europe and America. People t
47、here like to _49_ tea with sugar or milk in it. As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting _50_ important than before. The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated _51_ every year. The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and.【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍茶文化的发展和变化。【答案解析】42句意：如果答案是肯定的，你可能和很多人有相同的习惯。根据“Would you like to start your day with a cup