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1、专题09 阅读理解之寻读阅读理解题题样多，难度大，涉及面广。今天主要讨论的是阅读技巧问题，怎样可以提高阅读速度。根据阅读题材阅读目的不同，应该采取不同的阅读技巧。同时，也要根据不同目的适时调整阅读速度。这里我们介绍一种很常见的快速阅读技巧：寻读。Part 1概念寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分则略去不读的快速阅读方法。运用这种方法，学生就能在最短的时间内掠过尽可能多的印刷材料，找到所需要的信息。节约时间，提高效率。例如，在车站寻找某次列车或汽车的运行时刻，在机场
2、寻找某次班机的飞行时刻，在图书馆查找书刊的目录，在文献中查找某一日期、名字、数字或号码等，都可以运用这种方法。寻读既要求速度，又要求寻读的准确性。具体地说，寻读带有明确的目的性，有针对性地选择问题的答案。 Part 2寻读技巧寻读与略读不同。略读时，读者事先对材料一无所知，而寻读则是读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。例如，寻读电话号码簿，读者知道查询人的姓名，还知道电话号码簿是按姓的字母顺序排列的。这样，在寻找William的电话时，就可以利用书页上方的标识词，再按姓的字母顺序很快翻到以W开头的书页，从而找到William名下的电话页码。 为了有效地进行寻读，读者可以运用下列技巧。 1.思考一
3、下你所找寻的信息会采用什么样的形式，是一个数字，还是人名或地名？使用你所能获得的提示来帮助你对问题答案有一定概念。举例来说，如果你找寻是主人翁某项发明产生的原因，那么你只需要通读令文找到此项发明，再分析其原因即可。 2.充分利用材料。资料多半是按字母顺序排列的。如词典、索引、邮政编码簿、电话号码簿以及其它参考资料簿等。当然并非所有资料都是按字母顺序排列的。例如，电视节目是按日期和时间排列的。历史资料是按年代排列的，报纸上的体育版面是按比赛类别（足球、排球、网球）排列等等。不管资料来源怎样，它都是按照某种逻辑方法排列的。例如，要知道某事是何时发生的，要查日期；某事是谁做的，要查人名等。 3.章节
4、标题和说明的使用技巧。寻读之后，首先看看文章标题或章节标题，确定文章是否包含自己所需要的材料，或者哪一部分包含哪些材料，这样可以直接翻到那个部分，进行寻找。如果一篇文章包括事物的正反两面，你需要确定你的问题属于哪一方面。 4.注意提示词。读者找到包含所需信息的章节，准备寻读。这时，要留心与那个具体信息有关的提示词。例如，在报纸体育运动版上寻找某田径运动员的某项运动成绩，他的国名足提示词。找到提示词后，就可以采用一般阅读速度，获得所需要的信息。 5.快速通读全文。当你找到相关的信息之后，你会需要放慢速度，仔细地阅读，找到准确的答案。 为了提高阅读效率，应该不断总结方法技巧，但也不可忽视语言文化的
5、积累与巩固。语言学习不能一蹴而就，不断扩大词汇量，了解不同文化间的差异和培养良好的阅读习惯等，都是语言学习者应该着重关注的。【例1】He was 11years old and went fishing every chance he got at his familys small house on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lakeOn the day before the bass（鲈鱼）season opened，he and his father were fishing early in the evening，catch
6、ing sunfish and the bass with worms Before long， when his fishing pole doubled over， he knew something huge was on the other endHis father watched him with admiration as the boy skillfully worked the fish alongside the bank and he very successfully lifted the exhausted fish from the water It was the
7、 largest one he had ever seen， but it was a bassThe boy and his father looked at the handsome fish， the fish jumped up and down in the moonlight The father looked at his watch It was 10P Mtwo hours before the season opened He looked at the fish， then at the boy You will have to put it back， my son h
8、e said I have never seen such a big fish before cried the boy There will be other fish said his father The boy looked around the lake No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight He looked again at his father Even though no one had seen them， nor could anyone ever know what time
9、 he caught the fish， the boy could tell by his fathers voice that the decision couldnt be changed He slowly worked the hook out of the lip of the huge bass and lowered it into the waterThat was 34years ago And he has never again caught such a beautiful fish as the one he landed that night long ago B
10、ut he does see the fish again and againevery time he comes up against a question of ethics（伦理） For， as his father taught him， ethics are simple matters of right and wrong It is only the practice of ethics that is difficultWe would if we were taught to put the fish back when we were young For we woul
11、d have learned the truth The decision to do right lives fresh in our memory It is a story we will proudly tell our friends and grandchildren（1）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？A The fish was too huge to lift easily from the waterB The writer and his father usually went fis
12、hing together on an islandC The fish went back to the water because of the writers carelessnessD As time goes by， the writer can still remember every detail clearly（2）The third paragraph mainly tells us that_A someone knew when they went fishingB it was not a right time to take the bass awayC the bo
13、y has great skill in working the hook out of the fishs lipD fishermen and boats were not far away from there（3）After reading this passage， we can infer_A fishing is a good hobby not only for teens but also adultsB the boy and his father are examples of the practice of ethicsC the bass is not permitt
14、ed to catch in New Hampshire lakeD its important to balance fishing the bass and protect it（4）What can we learn from the whole passage？A The boys happy childhoodB Getting a handsome fish is a very brilliant experienceC We do the right thing when we come up against a question of ethicsD The practice
15、of ethics is only simple matters of right and wrong（5）_might be the best title of this passageA Catch of a life timeB An unforgettable experienceC Benefits of fishingD An adventure of a handsome bass【详解】这是一篇记叙文通过与父亲一起钓鱼的一次亲身经历，小男孩受到了深刻的道德教育，从而影响了他的一生1C，细节理解题，根据文中的第3段He slowly worked the hook out of
16、the lip of the huge bass and lowered it into the water他慢慢地从大鲈鱼的嘴唇上把钩钩摘下来，然后把它放进水中可知是作者有意放走的，不是不小心 ，所以C错误 ，故答案是C2B，细节理解题，根据文中的第3段It was 10P Mtwo hours before the season opened He looked at the fish， then at the boy You will have to put it back， my son he said可知 他们在不合适的时间钓上鲈鱼，最后还是放了，故答案是B3B，细节理解题，根据 a
17、s his father taught him， ethics are simple matters of right and wrong及父子俩做的事情可知伦理很重要，故选B4C，细节理解题，根据But he does see the fish again and againevery time he comes up against a question of ethics可知做事情之前要先考量伦理道德，故选C5A 主旨归纳题，根据For， as his father taught him， ethics are simple matters of right and wrong It i
18、s only the practice of ethics that is difficult可知文章主要讲述的是父子俩钓鱼，但是更深层的意思是父亲教会了孩子受用一生的道理，所以主旨不应该是讲述的经历，而是升华的人生哲理，A选项意为一生的收获，故选A精讲精练【例题1】 You have saved my horse， Queen Olivia told the young boy standing before her Now you shall get a gift for what you did Peter nervously ran his fingers through his br
19、own hair That day when he was working in the field， the shocked horse ran past him Without thinking， he rushed out and controlled itHe didnt know it was the Queens horse and never expected to get a gift But he still felt happy for getting one Two of the queens men appeared One carried a mirror Red j
20、ewels（珠宝） shone on top of the mirrors silver frame（框架） The other carried a wooden cage with a chicken inside it Only one gift can be yours， the queen said Choose wisely Thats easy， Peter said Ill take the chicken Some of the queens men laughed It was clear that they thought he had made a foolish cho
21、ice And why did you choose the chicken？ the queen asked Well， I dont know much about jewels， Peter answered But I do know about chickens The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while Queen Olivia smiled Then you did make a wise choice， she said That mirror may look beautiful But the j
22、ewels you see are only colored glass， and the frame is painted silver The chicken is much more valuable Peter took the chicken and bowed Thank you， your majesty You are a smart child， the queen added I could use a smart boy to help take care of my horses Would you like to take the job？ Peter smiled
23、Thank you very much! he said excitedly A job at the castle paid well Now his family wouldnt worry about their food any moreall because he was kind to help others and smart enough to make the right choice!（1）The Queen gave Peter a gift because_A he saved her horseB he was smartC she liked himD he was
24、 poor（2）Peter decided to choose the_A jewelsB mirrorC chickenD silver frame（3）From Para . 35， we can know that_Ait was difficult for Peter to make the choiceB all the men thought Peters decision was rightC Peter thought the chicken would be useful to his familyD Peter knew the jewels werent real bef
25、ore he made the choice（4）The right order of Peters story is_a Peter got a wellpaid jobb Peter chose the gift wiselyc Peter could get a gift for what he didd Peter would help his family have a better lifeAd c b aBc b a dCc b d aDc a d b（5）After reading the passage， we can infer（推断） that_A Peter only
26、thought of himselfB Peter couldnt take good care of the Queens horsesC chickens became the popular gifts in their countryDit was wise of Peter to choose something that he knew well【答案】ACCBD【解析】1A 细节理解题；由文章的第一句You have saved my horse， Queen Olivia told the young boy standing before her可知答案故选A2C 细节理解题
27、；由文中 Peter said Ill take the chicken可知本题答案故选C3C 细节理解题； 由文中彼得的选择Well， I dont know much about jewels， Peter answered But I do know about chickens The chicken will provide eggs for my family for a long while和女王的评价 Queen Olivia smiled Then you did make a wise choice， she said可知答案故选C4B 细节理解题；本题需要结合全文内容综合
28、分析，根据事件发生的先后顺序可知答案故选B5D 细节理解题；由文章最后一句 because he was kind to help others and smart enough to make the right choice!和But I do know about chickens可知答案故选D【练习1】 Heritage（遗产） is traditional customs，history and beliefsWe use the word heritage in many different waysPeople talk about their family heritage，
29、city heritage and national heritage Today，heritage in changing，The Internet connects people around the worldIn many ways this is a good thing，because we can learn about the heritage of other countries，and we can show our own heritage to the worldHowever, some people worry that traditional heritage i
30、s disappearingIn many ways，countries are becoming more and more alike（相似的） In most countries around the world， you can find KFC，Nike shoes，Starbucks coffee，American movies and so onSome people think this is a good change， and others dont like itYou can decide whether or not its a good thing However，
31、everyone wants to protect traditional heritage， and sometimes this is hard For example， when a new KFC opens in your city， a traditional restaurant might have to close That is why heritage protection is so important Heritage protection is a simple thoughtIt means keeping your countrys or your citys
32、heritage alivePeople do this in many waysThe biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving（保护）old buildingsSome suggestions of heritage protection are making sure your kids speak your traditional language， and teaching knowledge about heritage to them The world is changingNo matter how
33、it changes，never forget the heritage of our parents and grandparents（1）Is the heritage nowadays the same as it used to be？A No Its being changed by the InternetB Yes Traditional customs， history and beliefs never changeC It is not mentioned in the passage（2）The examples mentioned in the second parag
34、raph_A show the importance of heritageB describe peoples love for heritageC help people understand heritage better（3）The underlined sentence shows that_A it is necessary to learn about the heritage of other countriesB the writer is worrying about the traditional heritage protectionC countries are be
35、coming quite different in some ways（4）The following statements are parts of heritage protection EXCEPT_A trying to change traditional customsB preserving old buildingsC keeping traditional language alive（5）What may be the best title for the passage？A Internet and HeritageB Heritage Is DisappearingC
36、Heritage Protection【答案】ACBAC【解析】1A，细节理解题，根据Today， heritage in changing， The Internet可知遗产在发生变化，根源是后文提到的Internet，故选A2C，细节理解题，首句提到Today， heritage in changing遗产正在发生变化，后文举例是为了说明这种状况，让人们更好的了解遗产现状，故选C3B，细节理解题，前面提到However， everyone wants to protect traditional heritage， and sometimes this is hard想要保护遗产，但是很难
37、，此句是在说明这种状况，故选B4A，细节理解题，根据It means keeping your countrys or your citys heritage alive可知让遗产保持活力，同时也可以The biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving（保护）old buildings保护古建筑，故选A5C，主旨归纳题，根据That is why heritage protection is so important可知遗产很重要，需要保护，文章正文也介绍遗产现状以及如何保护，故选C【例题2】 Every night in
38、 Jinan University in Guangzhou，a group of students plays diabolo （空竹） as a crowd watches on in amazement Chen Zhelun，25， a MalaysianChinese started the diabolo club， which helps to increase the popularity of this traditional Chinese game He is one of many students expressing their interest in the co
39、untrys cultural heritage（遗产）by starting clubs The diabolo，which came from China， is popular among Chinese living in Malaysia We played diabolo from primary school onward I thought I could find someone to play with in China， but only a few students knew about it So I started a club to develop it，says
40、 Chen To Chens surprise， the old game has interested a huge crowd more than 1，000 students have joined the club It keeps your body strong and its fun， says Chen But some prefer quieter activities Every weekend， one classroom in Shenzhen University is always crowded， but its unusually silent The memb
41、ers of Lanting Calligraphy Club are writing Chinese characters with traditional brushes Fan Dongling， 21， a student in Shenzhen University， says its a shame that young people no longer enjoy the beauty of Chinese characters Although her club is quiet， Fan says it keeps members healthy， mentally and
42、physically Some students think traditional things are outdated They like celebrating Western festivals like Christmas or Valentines Day， but they seldom pay attention to traditional ones， says Kong Yanquan， 21，a student in Guangxi University As head of the traditional Chinese local operas club， Kong
43、 plans to put modern elements （元素）into traditional culture to get students to join his cIub I think its everyones duty to save and develop Chinas traditional culture among young people， he says（1）The passage is organized by giving three_AexamplesBtasksClessonsDspeeches（2）The underlined word Itin Par
44、agraph 6 refers to（指代）_A watching diabolo showsB playing diaboloC talking about old gamesD going to primary school（3）It can be learned from the passage that Fan Dongling_A comes from MalaysiaB is good at local operasC loves quiet activitiesD is interested in sports（4）Kong Yanquan advises young peopl
45、e to_A practice writing Chinese charactersB celebrate Western festivalsC pay attention to traditional cultureD make friends with the elders【答案】ABCC【解析】1A细节理解题根据第二段Chen Zhelun，25， a MalaysianChinese started the diabolo club陈哲伦，25岁，一个马来西亚华人开始了空竹俱乐部倒数第六行Fan Dongling， 21， a student in Shenzhen Universit
46、y， says its a shame that young people no longer enjoy the beauty of Chinese characters深圳大学学生21岁的樊东玲说，年轻人不再享受汉字的美感是一种耻辱倒数第三段Some students think traditional things are outdated They like celebrating Western festivals like Christmas or Valentines Day， but they seldom pay attention to traditional ones， says Kong Yanquan， 21，a student in Guangxi University一些学生认为传统的东西过时了，他们喜欢庆祝西方节日，比如圣诞节或情人节，但他们很少注意传统的节日，广西大学的学生孔艳泉说可知，给出了三个例子选A2B词义猜测题句意陈说：它让你的身体强壮，而且很有趣根据第四段第一句We played diabolo from primary school onward我们从小学开始玩空竹可知，It代指玩空竹选B3C细节理解题根据倒数第六行Fan Dongl