《2021年10月北京清华大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021年10月北京清华大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf（71页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、【考研英语】2021年10月北京清华大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】I recognize my own shortcomings.A、建立B、指望C、认识到D、推荐【正确答案】C【答案解析】recognize v t.认出，识别;承 认。第2题【单选题】In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks thisweek,let us recognize at the outset these points.A、本着我希望将成为本周我们会谈的特色的坦率精神，让我们在一开始就认
2、识到这样几点。B、我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的。本着这种坦率的精神,让我们在一开始就认识到这样儿点。C、本着坦率的精神，我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。D、本着坦率的精神，我希望本周我们的会谈具有特色，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选 Bo which I hope will characterize our talksthis week限制性定语从句，修饰franknesso I hope是定语从句中的插入语。In the spirit of：本着 的精神。at the outset：在开始的时候。第 3 题阅读理解无
3、解析 Prior to the 20th century,many languages with small numbersof speakers survived for centuries.The increasingly interconnectedmodern world makes it much more difficult for small languagecommunities to live in relative isolation,a key factor in languagemaintenance and preservation.lt remains to be
4、seen whether the worldcan maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead.Many powerful forces appear to work against it:population growth,which pushes migrant populations into the worlds last isolated locations;mass tourism;global telecommunications and mass media;and thesprea
5、d of gigantic global corporations.All of these forces appear tosignify a future in which the language of advertising,popular culture,and consumer products become similar.Already English and a few othermajor tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce andcommunication.For many of the worlds
6、peoples,learning one of theselanguages is viewed as the key to education,economic opportunity,anda better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expectedto survive the coming century.Are most of the rest doomed in thecentury after that?Whether most of these languages survive willproba
7、bly depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep theiridentity alive through a native language.To do so will require anemphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）.Bilingual speakerscould use their own language in smaller spheres-at home,amongfriends,in community settings-and a global l
8、anguage at work,indealings with government,and in commercial spheres.In this way,manysmall languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrityalongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically,the trend of technologicalinnovation that
9、has threatened minority languages could also help savethem.For example,some experts predict that computer softwaretranslation tools will one day permit minority language speakers tobrowse the Internet using their native tongues.Linguists are currentlyusing computer-aided learning tools to teach a va
10、riety of threatenedlanguages.For many endangered languages,the line between revival anddeath is extremely thin.Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however.It is not just a tool for communicating,but also a powerful wayof separating different groups,or of demonstrating group identity.Manyindigenou
11、s（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possibleto live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identitiesthrough language.A、an increasingly interconnected worldB、maintaining small numbers of speakersC、relatively isolated language communitiesD、following the tradition of the 20th centur
12、y【正确答案】CA、uncertainB、unrealisticC、foreseeableD、definite【正确答案】AA、small languages become acceptable in work placesB、homogenize the worlds languages and culturesC、global languages reach home and community settingsD、speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity【正确答案】DA、makes learning a global
13、 language unnecessaryB、facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC、raises public awareness of saving those languagesD、makes it easier for linguists to study those languages【正确答案】BA、remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB、exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC、quite possible to
14、be revived instead of dying outD a unique way of bringing different groups together【正确答案】C第4题【单选题】Central heating became popular only after the Civil War.Typically,coalburning furnaces（火炉）fueled the early systems.Natural gas haddeveloped into the leading fuel by 1960.Its acceptance resulted in partf
15、rom its wide uses.Because it comes primarily from U.S.and Canadianfields,natural gas is also less vulnerable（脆弱的）than oil is to War.Oilremains the most important fuel in a few areas,such as NewEngland.What fuel is the dominant fuel in New England?A、GasB、日ectricityC、WoodD、Oil【正确答案】D【答案解析】该题问的是：在新英格兰什
16、么燃料是最主要的?第一段的最后一句话是这么说的：在少数地区，如新英格兰,石油仍然是最主要的燃料。第5题【单选题】The heat was so from the fire that the firemen could not enterthe building.A、intenseB、tenseC、intensiveD、violent【正确答案】A【答案解析】intense强烈的/挚热的。tense紧张的。intensive深入的/细致的。violent暴力的。第6题【单选题】Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this areaand
17、may undermine social stability.A、prevalentB、primitiveC、previousD、premature【正确答案】A【答案解析】prevalent“普遍的，流行的。根据题意，正确答案应选A。第7题【单选题】Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are notreligious but commercial,and forever happy.Fast-food eaters,newsanchors,text messengers,all smiling,smiling
18、,smiling.Our magazinesfeature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.Andsince these messages have an agendato lure us to open ourwalletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.“Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex,beforewe found out it could incr
19、ease the risk of heart attacks.In the authorsopinion,a d v e r t is in g.A、emerges in the wake of the anti团happy artB、is a cause of disappointment for the general publicC、replaces the church as a major source of informationD、creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself【正确答案】D【答案解析】答
20、 案 选 D o 观点态度题。本段第4 句指出，商业 文 化（其代表就是广告）传达快乐信息的目的是诱使我们打开钱包，而这使快乐的概念本身变得不可信了。接着指出，我们忘记了，幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的享乐，那些带来最大快乐的东西同时也最有可能带来巨大的损失和失望。由此可知,广告带给我们的快乐是一种不真实的感受。因此D正确。第8题【单选题】We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and servicesthat we export,the investment that we attract and we make abroad.A
21、、我们对投资和引资的依靠超过了世界上商品和服务的出口。B、我们对商品和服务出口的依靠超过了世界上其他的对投资和引资的经济体。C、我们对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依靠没有超过了世界上其他主要经济体。D、我们对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依靠超过了世界上其他主要经济体。【正确答案】D【答案解析】注意从结构上理解本句。句子主干为：We relyon.；o n后面跟两个平行的介词宾语the goods and services和the investment,分别有两个限制性定语从句修饰。注意这里两个限制性定语从句的翻译，把从句译都成了词组：商品和服务出口和“投资和引资。第9题【单选题】the
22、 beginning of the meeting,we heard a report by Mr.Li.A、ByB、InC、AtD、On【正确答案】B【答案解析】at the beginning of意为 在.之初。句意：在会议之初我们听了李先生的报告。第10题【单选题】This cloth won/t shrink when its washed.A、benefitB、smallerC、vagueD、convince【正确答案】B【答案解析】shrink收缩;畏缩；sm aller较小，更小的。第11题【单选题】She used to relate how she met in Italy
23、 an elderly gentleman who waslooking very sad.A、她经常提到她如何在意大利碰到一位老先生，他看来很悲伤。B、她常对人说，她在意大利碰到过一位愁容满面的老先生。C、她经常提到她如何在意大利碰到一位愁容满面的老先生。D、她常对人说，她在意大利碰到过一位上了年纪的绅士，他看起来很悲伤。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选B。“who was looking very sad”是定语，翻译成中文要注意语序。第12题【单选题】In the United States,credit card fees have become a political issue
24、.Congress has threatened to take action against some bad behavior bylenders.But getting a credit card has become a lot easier for mostpeople.And many cards offer low rates at first,especially if people agreeto move their money from another card.In the USA,Congress hasthreatened to take action agains
25、t some bad behavior to.A、the interest charge on buying somethingB、to show people the negative effects that credit cards bring topeopleC、restrain the phenomenon of credit card feesD、A key board【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选 C o 第三段开篇讲到信用卡产生的费用已经转变成为一个重要的政治问题，国会已经迫于压力采取了一定的举措整治这些不良的信用行为，这些举措都是针对信用卡费用这一严重问题展开的，这个问
26、题是这些举措的目的所在。第13题【单选题】There is no for practical experience.A、substituteB、sympathyC、likelyD、gra nt【正确答案】A【答案解析】substitute代用品；代替者。第 14题阅读理解无解析“The word protection is no longer tab。（禁忌语）This shortsentence,uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month,may have launched a new era in economic
27、 history.Why?For decades,Western lectern leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers andtariffs was a natural good.Doing so,they reasoned,would lead togreater economic efficiency and productivity,which in turn wouldimprove human welfare.Championing free trade thus became a moral,not just an e
28、conomic,cause.These leaders,If course,werent acting outof unselfishness.They knew their economies were the most competitive,so theyd profit most from liberalization.And developing countriesfeared that their economies would be swamped by swamped by superiorWestern productivity.Today,however,the table
29、s have turned-thoughfew acknowledge it.The West continues to preach free trade,butpractices it less and less.Asia,meanwhile,continues to plead for specialprotection but practices more and more free trade.Thats why Sarkozyswords were so important:he finally injected some honesty into the tradedebate.
30、The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in freetrade,though few leaders admit it.Some economists are more honest.Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionistarguments are returning,In the short run,there will be winners andlosers under free trade.This,o
31、f course,is what capitalism is all about.But more and more of these losers will be in the West.Economists in thedeveloped world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter,who said thatcreative destruction was an essential part of capitalist growth.But theyalways assumed that destruction would happen ove
32、r there.WhenWestern workers began losing jobs,suddenly their leaders began to losefaith in their principles.Things have yet to reverse completely.Buttheres clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice.A littlehypocrisy（虚伪）is not in itself a serious problem.The real problem isthat Western
33、governments continue to insist that they retain control ofthe key global economic and financial institutions while drifting awayfrom global liberalization.Look at whats happening at the IMF(International Monetary fund).The Europeans have demanded that theykeep the post of managing director.But all t
34、oo often,Western officialsput their own interests above everyone else/s when they dominate theseglobal institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who areclearly the new winners in today/s global economy-to provide moreintellectual leadership in supporting free trade.Sadly,they have yet
35、todo so.Unless Asians speak out,however,there/s a real danger that AdamSmith/s principles,which have brought so much good to the world,couldgradually die.And that would leave all of us worse off,in one way oranother.A、improving economic efficiencyB、ending the free-trade practiceC、lowering moral stan
36、dardD、raising trade tariffs【正确答案】DA、it is beneficial to their economiesB、it is supported by developing countriesC、it makes them keep faith in their principlesD、it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith【正确答案】AA、the Western leaders have become advocates of free tradeB、the Asian leaders have
37、become advocates of free tradeC、the developed economies have turned less competitiveD the developing economies have become more independent【正确答案】CA、set a long-term rather than short-term goalB、was an essential part of capitalist developmentC、entailed a positive rather than negative mentalityD、was me
38、ant to be the destruction of developing economies【正确答案】DA、European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB、there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC、global institutions are not being led by true globalizationadvocatesD、European countries7 interests are being ignore
39、d by economicleaders【正确答案】C第15题【单选题】I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strongimpersonal interests involving appropriate activities.A、我认为一个满意的老年生活是容易对个人以外的事情怀有强烈兴趣并参加适当的活动。B、我认为，如果老年人对于个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣，并参加适当的运动，他们的晚年是最容易过得好的。C、我认为一个成功的晚年很容易，他们对个人以外的事情怀有强烈兴趣并参加适当的活动。D、我认为，如果
40、老年人对于个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣，并参加适当的运动，他的晚年很成功。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选B o本题考查的知识点为评论与表态。需要对某事发表评论或表明态度时，英语的语序和汉语不同。英语是先评论，或先表态，然后再说有关的事情或情况。汉语则相反，评论或表态性的话往往是放在句子的后面。第16题【单选题】This cloth won;t shrink when its washed.A、benefitB、smallerC、vagueD、convince【正确答案】B【答案解析】shrink收缩；畏缩；sm aller较小，更小的。第 17题【单选题】We have great di
41、fferences today.What brings us together is that we havecommon interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。great differences在句子中表示
42、的是“巨大的分歧的意思；interests在本句中不是表示“兴趣，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第 18题【单选题】Because Helen is his wife,it is difficult for Alan to be about hertalent.A、subjectiveB、objectiveC、impressiveD persuasive【正确答案】B【答案解析】subjective主观的。objective客观的。impressive印象深刻的。persuasive善于游说的。第19题【单选题】Has Mr.White arrived?Yes,a lr e a d y.h e
43、wait outside or justcome in?A、ShallB、MayC、CouldD、Must【正确答案】A【答案解析】考查情态动词辨析。当主语为第三人称时情态动词shall表示征求对方的许可。第20题【单选题】The delta and narrow Nile Valley to the south make up only 3 percent ofEgypts land but are home to 96 percent of her population.A、三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷组成了埃及土地的百分之三,却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。B、三角洲和通向南边的狭窄的尼
44、罗河河谷组成了埃及土地的百分之三，却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。C、三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，却有百分之九十六的人口住在这里。D、三角洲和南边狭窄的尼罗河河谷只占埃及土地的百分之三，但却是百分之九十六的人口的家园。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选c。are home t。若译作 是 的家 则不顺，所以把名词改为动词，译作 住在这里。第21题【单选题】A great number of houses would have to be removed to make way forthe new amusement park.A、take the place ofB、g
45、ive space forC、build upD work out【正确答案】B【答案解析】make way fo r让路，让地给.o give space for让地方给。参考译文：必须拆除很多房屋来给新游乐公园腾地方。第22题【单选题】The potato is also from the New World.Around 1600,the Spanishbrought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was widely grown.Irelandbecame so dependent on it that thousands of Irish
46、people starved whenthe crop failed during the Potato Famine（饥荒）of 1845 1846,andthousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move toAmerica.Thousands of Irish people starved during the Potato FaminebecauseA、they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eatanything else.B、they were
47、 forced to leave their homeland and move to America.C、the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growingpotatoes.D、the potato harvest was bad.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段提到，土豆传到欧洲后被广泛种植。爱尔兰人对土豆非常依靠。在 土豆饥荒时期，土豆减产（whenthe crop failed）,因而人们遭受饥饿，被迫离开故土。第23题【单选题】As well,there are 2,000 transmitter towers
48、 around Australia,many inhigh density（密度）residential areas.For example,Telstra,Optus andVodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to themand disregard the need of the community.The radiation emitted fromthese towers may have already produced some harmful effects on thehealth o
49、f the residents nearby.Many transmitter towers were builtA、on high mountains.B、in places suitable to the phone users.C、in areas which can take in radiation.D、in densely populated areas.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段的第一句话说的是：大多数信号塔建造在高密度的居民区内。因此答案是D。第24题【单选题】It is amusing that she her father/s bad temper as well as
50、 hermother/s good looks.A、inheritedB、retainedC、preservedD、maintained【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题的B、C和D选项虽然意思有些相近，但从题句意来看只有A符合题意。inherit经遗传而得（性格、特 征 等）。第25题【单选题】After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,ourastronauts desire to do is walk in space.A、whereB、whatC、thatD、how【正 确 答 案】B【答 案 解 析】句 意：杨 利 伟 成 功 环 绕