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1、【考研英语】2021年10月北京外国语大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Fifty years ago,wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for funsightseeing.A、than to goB、rather than to goC、more than goingD、other than going【正确答案】C【答案解析】rather than而不。more than超过/非常/比 更。other than 除了。第2题【单选题】He smiled,with the implication that h
2、e didnt believe me.A、革新B 暗指，含义C、刺激，推动D、改进【正确答案】B【答案解析】implication n.含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响。第3题【单选题】The car honked at me until I fastened my seat belt.A、汽车向我发出嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。B、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。C、汽车在我系上安全带之前发出嘟嘟的声音。D、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bountil在否定句中表示的意思是“直到才；在肯定句中等于before；本句的意思是：汽车一
3、直嘟嘟地响，直到我系上安全带才停下来。翻译的时候要体现连词until表示的意思，所以比较恰当的用法应该是B项。A 项虽然有“直到的意思，但是表达方式不符合汉语习惯，意思模糊不清。第4题【单选题】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999,Oseola McCarty,anelderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame housewhere she had lived and worked most of her life.It may seem like anordinary
4、end to a humble life,but there was something quite exceptionalabout this woman.In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout her life,to the Universityof Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help otherAfrican Americans through university.She h
5、ad started her savings habitas a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron formoney which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired theworld b e c a u s e.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to he
6、lp others through universityD、she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】C【答案解析】only是绝对词，在选项D 中出现，根据经验排除 D；对照原文第一自然段最后一句话there was somethingquite exceptional about this woman 说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲 In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout herlife,to the Unive
7、rsity of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大部分积攒的钱捐献给了家乡的大学，A 和 B 表达都不全面，答案是C。第5题【单选题】The audience waited in silence while their aged speakersearched among his notes for the figures he could not remember.A、respectiveB、respectC、respectfulD、respectable【正确答案】C【答案解析】respective各自的。respect尊敬/方面。respe
8、ctful殷勤的/有礼的。respectable高尚的/令人尊敬的。第6题【单选题】He smiled,with the implication that he didn/t believe me.A、革新B、暗指，含义C、刺激，推动D、改进【正确答案】B【答案解析】implication n.含义;暗示；牵连,卷入;可能的结果，影响。第7题【单选题】Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this areaand may undermine social stability.A、prevalentB、primitiveC、previous
9、D、premature【正确答案】A【答案解析】prevalent“普遍的，流行的。根据题意，正确答案应选A。第8题【单选题】When my father listens to classical music on the radio,he often swingshis arms as if hes the orchestra.A、leadingB、controllingC、conductingD、practising【正确答案】C【答案解析】句意：每当我父亲从收音机里收听古典音乐时,他就会摆动双臂，好像在指挥乐队。conduct意为“指 挥（乐队）；lead意为“领导;走在 的前面；con
10、trol意为 控制;practise意为 练习，实习”。第9题【单选题】Besides,it is rather unreal to grade people just according to theirintellectual ability.This is only one aspect of their total personality.Weare concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full,not justtheir academic ability.We also value personal
11、qualities and social skills,and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspectsof learning.The author argues that a teachers chief concern should bethe development of the s t u d e n t s.A、personal qualities and social skillsB、total personalityC、learning ability and communicativ
12、e skillsD、intellectual ability【正确答案】B【答案解析】根据本段的内容，可以看出学生的totalpersonality（总体素质）包括了 academic ability or intellectualability,personal qualities 和 social skillso 也就是说这些能力都是total personality的方方面面。再看一下这一段的第三两句，可以得出正确的答案应该是选项B o 其他几个选项的意思都不全面，都不能反映作者的充分开发学生的全面能力的主张。第10题【单选题】It was fire oclock in the afte
13、rnoon they climbed up to the top ofthe mountain.A、sinceB、whenC、thatD、until【正确答案】B【答案解析】此句为一主从复合句。“when引导状语从句，若看作强调结构，应在fire前加at。第11题【单选题】the college will take in more new students unknown yet.A What,isB Whether,areC That,isD、That,are【正确答案】C【答案解析】题意为：这所大学要招收更多新学生还是个未知数。当that引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。W h
14、at引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分。而主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。所以，本题选 C。第 12题【单选题】The benefit of it would compensate danger.A、补偿B、支持C、惊奇D、允许【正确答案】A【答案解析】compensate v t.补偿，赔偿；付报酬。第 13题【单选题】Any principle is preferable to none.A、秘密的B、首要的C、初步的D、更好的【正确答案】D【答案解析】preferable a d j.更好的，更可取的；更合意的。第 14题【单选题】She had come to Englan
15、d to pursue an acting career.A、striveB、removeC、quitD、chase【正确答案】D【答案解析】pursue继续；从事；追赶；纠缠；chase追逐；追捕。第 15题【单选题】I find it astonishing that John be so rude to me.Notastonishing at all.He is always rude to others.A shouldB mustC mightD、ought to【正确答案】A【答案解析】should表示说话人吃惊的语气。意思是“竟然,居然第 16题【单选题】My little h
16、ouse cant compare his villa（另U墅）.A、asB、fromC、withD、by【正确答案】C【答案解析】compare with：与.相比/匹敌。句意:我的小房子是无法和他的别墅相比的。答案选C第17题【单选题】He bought a house for his c h i l d r e n.A、lived inB、to live inC livedD、to live【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题属于动词不定式复合结构做后置定语。in不可省略。句意：他买了一套房子给孩子们住。第18题【单选题】The country was a place where men wo
17、rked from dawn to dark,and thelabourer lived not in the sun,but in poverty and darkness.A、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗之中。B、在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下,而是贫困和黑暗。C、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是生活在阳光下，而是挣扎在贫穷和黑暗之中。D、在这个国家，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者不是沐浴在阳光下，而是贫穷和黑暗。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o本题考查的知识点为理解原意。有些很普通的词语，我们很熟悉，一
18、见到，便首先想到他们最基本的含义或最常见的含义。在此题中，“country并不是“国家 ，而是指“农村。第19题【单选题】We have great differences today.What brings us together is that we havecommon interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、
19、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。great differences在句子中表示的是“巨大的分歧的意思；interests在本句中不是表示“兴趣，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第20题【单选题】popular belief,the ostrich does not hide its head in sand whenfrightened;it runs away.A、As toB、Opposite toC Due toD、Contrary to【正确答案】D【答案解析】As to 关于。Opposite to 对立/对面（
20、方位/身份/性别）。Due to 因为。Contrary to 违反/反对（观点/态度）。第21题【单选题】Ignoring the chair offered him,Chu Teh stood squarely before this youthmore than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was.A、朱德没有接过递给他的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，平静地向他讲述自己的身份 B、朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调说明自己的身份 C、顾
21、不得拉过来的椅子，朱德端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，平静地向他讲述自己的身份 D、朱德不理睬递过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调告诉他自己是谁【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o 本题考查的知识点为代词。英语有时在句子里先出代词，然后再出它所指的人或物。汉语一般总是先出实词，然后才出代词。第22题【单选题】This animal is to be found only in the Southern Hemisphere.A、解释B、半球C、历史学家D、引用【正确答案】B【答案解析】hemisphere n.半球。第23题【单选题】They w
22、ill get the preparation done early in May.A、他们五月初就能让别人准备完工作。B、他们五月初就能准备好工作。C、他们早在五月份就能把准备工作做完。D、他们五月初就能把准备工作做完。【正确答案】D【答案解析】首先需要注意early in May表示“五月初的意思,选 项A“让别人准备完这种表达是不准确的；此 外get thepreparation done表示的是“把准备工作做完，选项B的表达不是很准确。第24题【单选题】The opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is,I think
23、,themain attraction of a bookshop.There are not many places where it ispossible to do this.A music shop is very much like a bookshop.You cango to such places as much as you wish.If it is a good shop,no assistantwill approach you with the greeting:MCan I help you,sir?”You needntbuy anything you dont
24、want.In a bookshop,an assistant should remainin the background until you have finished reading.You may want to findout where a particular section is.Then,and only then,are his servicesnecessary.But when he has led you there,the assistant should leavepolitely and look as if he is not interested in se
25、lling a single book.Anassistant in a bookshop helps you.A、on your entering the shopB、just before you finish readingC、only when you want to find out where a particular section isD、when you are reading【正确答案】C【答案解析】In a bookshop,an assistant should remain in thebackground until you have finished readin
26、g.You may want tofind out where a particular section is.Then,and only then,arehis services necessary.在书店里，店员只是在你想知道具体的书籍的位置时，他才会帮你。第25题【单选题】This thesis led to a radical change of labor policies.A、temporaryB、terminateC、essentialD、reserve【正确答案】C【答案解析】radical根 本 的;essential基本的；本质的。第26题【单选题】That conscio
27、usness is being transformed i nto.回A、actionB、actC、deedD、activity【正确答案】A【答案解析】句意：那种觉悟正被转化成行动。action意为“行为，行动，不作具体强调；a ct意为 所做的事，行为,指比较具体的行为；deed意为“行为，功绩，强调与语言相对应；activity意为 活动，指具体化的行动。第27题【单选题】My mind wasn/t on what he so Im afraid I missed half of it.A was sayingB had saidC would sayD、has said【正确答案】A
28、【答案解析】考查时态。句意为：我刚才没有注意他正在讲什么。过去进行时相对于现在，表示过去某一段时间正在发生什么，对现在没有任何影响。第28题【单选题】We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and servicesthat we export,the investment that we attract and we make abroad.A、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。B、英国比世界上其他主要经济更依赖商品和服务出口的投资、引资。C、英国对出口的商品和服务以及对投资和引资的依赖比世
29、界上其他主要经济更甚。D、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖超过了世界上任何其他经济大国。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o 本题主要考查经济的专业术语。原文中的economy指“经济大国，是近几年才出现的一种用法。第29题【单选题】Many people,when ill,see their doctors and ask them tosomething that will make them feel better.A、describeB、prescribeC reviseD、devise【正确答案】B【答案解析】prescribe 开处方，开(药)。根据题意，正确答案应为B
30、。第30题【单选题】Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paidleave from work to care for a newborn child.Last spring one of the two,Australia,gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid familyleave starting in 2011.1 wasnt surprised when this didnt make the newshere in t
31、he United Stateswere now the only wealthy country withoutsuch a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy,theFamily and Medical Leave Act,passed in 1993.It entitles workers to asmuch as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with afamily medical problem.Despite th
32、e modesty of the benefit,theChamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly,describing it as“government run personnel management7 and a“dangerous precedent/In fact,every step of the way,as(usually)Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balancemeasures into the law,bu
33、siness groups have been stronglyopposed.What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws inthe United States?A The lack of a precedent in American history.B The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.C、The opposition from business circles.D、The incompetence of the Democrats.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选
34、C o 事实细节题。根据题干定位到第2段末句。本句中提到，尽管民主党领导人努力将工作与家庭的平衡措施提上立法日程，但那些商业组织还是一直都强烈反对。C 项中的opposition与文中的strongly opposed相对,business circles与文中的business groups相对应，故正确答案为 C 项。文中说 家庭与医疗休假法在 1993年时通过，故排除A 项“在美国历史上没有先例；B 项“现有的 家庭与医疗休假法 ，并非主要原因；文中提到民主党领导人支持工作与家庭的平衡措施的实施，只是遭到了来自商业团体的反对，故排除D 项“民主党的无能。第31题【单选题】Dont you
35、r health.A、recommendB、enterC、slipD、neglect【正确答案】D【答案解析】neglect疏忽，忽视；忽略。第 32题阅读理解Text 2 Philip Hammond/s decision,announced in Mondays budget,to introduce a digital services tax is a brave and welcome step into theunknown.It makes Britain the second country,after Spain,to attempt toharness the greed
36、of the tech giants and use the moola for socialpurposes.There is no serious doubt that the giant American advertisingcompanies that own the social media,along with Apple and Amazon,whose business model is rather different,use some remarkably creativeaccounting to ensure they pay as little tax as pos
37、sible in the countrieswhere they operate.Facebook is the most notorious example in the UK,reporting a profit margin of less than 5 percent on revenues here,whenits global average profits are closer to 50 percentof revenue.Bytaxing revenue,rather than profits,Mr Hammond hopes to render thatkind of ac
38、counting pointless.Governments have historically competedagainst one another to host the big companies by offering them thelowest possible taxes on profits.In Europe Ireland and Luxembourg havebeen particularly creative in this regard.The proposed tax sidesteps that.Unlike profits,revenues are a mea
39、sure that the big companies haveevery incentive to boost.Many of them made no profits for years whileworking to gain their monopoly positions.Tax avoidance isembedded in the values of large parts of Silicon Valley:most of what itcalls“disruption“is an attempt to escape tax as well as regulation and
40、toextend the attitudes of the gig economy to every kind of transaction.Themost recent and perhaps the most shameless example of this is Grabr,aSan Francisco company that puts buyers in high-tax countries in touchwith people prepared to convey gadgets to them from low-tax countries.Such schemes are a
41、 direct assault on one of the core powers of a nationstate.If data is the new oil,as is often argued,then the personaldata that these companies exploits should be treated as the property ofcitizens which the state is entitled to tax for our collective benefit.Oil isstill taxed much more heavily than
42、 data will be under any foreseeableversion of the present proposals.In the long term,then,taxes on theexploitation and refinement of personal data will have to rise.Forthe moment the shape and details of the proposed tax are all unclear.MrHammond is up against one of the largest and best-funded lobb
43、y groupsin the world.Sir Nick Clegg,at Facebook,will be busy all this year tryingto water down down this plan.He must not succeed.A licence to printmoney should not be a licence to avoid tax.A、services.B、earnings.C、transactions.D、measures【正确答案】BA、involves different accounting methods.B、falls in step
44、 with accounting practices.C、dismisses modest profits as irrelevant.D、helps companies control their monopoly.【正确答案】AA、conceited.B、tolerant.C、sympathetic.D、critical.【正确答案】DA、personal data protection must be secured at all costs.B、the state asserts its right to raise revenue for the public good.C、taxi
45、ng oil cannot contribute to the adequate well-being.D、opinions about taxing tech are divided along political lines.【正确答案】BA、shameful and controversial.B、bold but pointless.C、fair and necessary.D、inevitable but rewarding.【正确答案】C第33题【单选题】Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn,the Irish mil
46、kmaidfought hard to hold back her laughter.A、checkB、keepC、stopD、retain【正确答案】A【答案解析】holdback抑制，控制。check克制，抑 制（做某事或表露感情）。参考译文：看见我笨手笨脚地把牛牵向牲口棚，那位爱尔兰挤奶女工竭尽全力克制自己不笑出声来。第34题【单选题】Belts of parklands line three sides of the area and four large opensquares of lawns and trees break the regularity of the city b
47、uildings.A、三面有公园环绕，区内四大广场有草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的规整性。B、三面有公园环绕，区内四大广场有草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的单调气氛。C、带状的公园为这个区域画了一条三边的线，四个开阔的广场的草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的规整性。D、一条条的公园环绕着这个区域的三边，四个开阔的广场的草坪和树木，打破了市区建筑的单调性。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o本题考查的知识点为增词或减词。有时为了行文的需要，可以在译文里增加几个词，或减少几个词。这是因为有些词在一种语言里可能是必要的，而在另一种语言里就会显得多余了。第35题【单选题】The smoke that comes
48、 from a lit cigarette contains many differentpoisonous chemicals.In the past,scientists did not think that thesechemicals could harm a nonsmokers h e a l t h.They discoveredthat even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicalsin their bodies.A The Gilsons have been married for 35 years
49、.B、Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after theystudied a large group of nonsmokers.C、We cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants.D、In the United States,nine million children under the age of fivelive in homes with at least one smoker.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o前一句讲的是科学家们过去对二手烟的看法，接下来应选表示他
50、们改变观点的句子，因为下一句表明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同。第36题【单选题】I entered the hotel manager/s office and sat down.I had just lost 50and I felt very upset.I left the money in my room,I said,and its notthere now.The manager was sympathetic,but he could do nothing.Everyones losing money these days,he said.He started to compl