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1、【考研英语】2021年 3 月上海天文台研究生招生考试英语练习题100道(附答案解析)第1题【单选题】Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paidleave from work to care for a newborn child.Last spring one of the two,Australia,gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid familyleave starting in 2011.1 wasnt surpris
2、ed when this didnt make the newshere in the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country withoutsuch a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy,theFamily and Medical Leave Act,passed in 1993.It entitles workers to asmuch as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealin
3、g with afamily medical problem.Despite the modesty of the benefit,theChamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly,describing it as“government run personnel management”and a“dangerous precedent/In fact,every step of the way,as(usually)Democratic leaders have tried to introduce wor
4、k-family balancemeasures into the law,business groups have been stronglyopposed.What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws inthe United States?A、The lack of a precedent in American history.B、The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.C、The opposition from business circles.D、The incomp
5、etence of the Democrats.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 事实细节题。根据题干定位到第2段末句。本句中提到，尽管民主党领导人努力将工作与家庭的平衡措施提上立法日程，但那些商业组织还是一直都强烈反对。C 项中的opposition与文中的strongly opposed相对,business circles与文中的business groups相对应，故正确答案为 C 项。文中说 家庭与医疗休假法在 1993年时通过，故排除A 项“在美国历史上没有先例；B 项“现有的 家庭与医疗休假法 ，并非主要原因；文中提到民主党领导人支持工作与家庭的平衡措施的实施，只是遭到了来
6、自商业团体的反对，故排除D 项“民主党的无能。第2题【单选题】This train will terminate at Sheffield.A、endB、sympathyC、campaignD、attribute【正确答案】A【答案解析】terminate使终止；使结束；解雇；e n d结束，终止；终结。第3题【单选题】We have a agreement with her.A、uniformB versionC、verbalD、utmost【正确答案】C【答案解析】verbal 口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的。第4题【单选题】-Tom was seriously ill.-he was
7、absent from school.A、He was becauseB、That was whyC、That was becauseD、That was that【正确答案】B【答案解析】在这个题目中，后半部分讲的是结果，“这就是他为什么缺席，所以在这里我们要选择答案B。第5题【单选题】The pair of legs that carried him rickety,and there was a bias in his gaitwhich inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line.A、支着他的两条腿老是摇摇晃晃的，他走路的姿
8、势里，又总有一种倾斜的趋势，使他或多或少地往一条直线的左边歪。B、他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路的步法又总是倾斜着，使他有点歪向一条直线的左边。C、支着他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路时又总是倾斜，使他有点往一条直线的左边歪。D、支撑着他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路时又总是倾斜，使他有点歪向一条直线的左边。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 本题考查的知识点为选词。文学作品语言生动，其中选词是一个重要方面。动 词 carry有许多含义。此处译文具体化，译作“支着第6题【单选题】No sooner than it began to rain heavily.A、the game beganB、has
9、 the game begunC、did the game beginD、had the game begun【正确答案】D【答案解析】以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及 not only.but(also),nosooner.than,hardly.when scarcely.when 等等。第7题【单选题】They are all for your proposal that the s e mi n a r.回A、be put offB、was pu
10、t off 0C、should put offD、is to put off【正确答案】A【答案解析】虚拟式的被动结构。谓语动词用should+动词原形。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。0第8题【单选题】I recognized that the sites such as Associated Content can provide afertile ground for learning how to become a better writer.I could seethat this was an open door for systematically learn
11、ing some basic writingskills without paying college tuition for classes and leaving the comfort ofmy own home.In the eyes of the author,the site Associated ContentA、offers you a lot of novels to readB、is good for your becoming a writerC、asks you to study writing regularlyD、is rather expensive but co
12、nvenient【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o 根据本段的.can provide a fertileground for learning how to become a better writer 确定 B 答案。其余选项与原文意思不符。A 与 D 选项所表达内容在文中并未提及，可以被排除。C 选项中regularly一词并未在文中得到体现。第9题【单选题】-Did you ask the guard happened-Yes,he told me all_ he knew.A、what;thatB、what;whatC、which;whichD、that;that【正确答案】A【
13、答案解析】what happened是宾语从句.a ll之 后 that heknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.第10题【单选题】One reason is economic.In a traditional agricultural economy,largefamilies are helpful.Having more children means having more workers inthe fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In anindustrial econom
14、y,the situation is different.Many children do not helpa family;instead,they are an expense.Thus,industrialization hasgenerally brought down the birth rate.This was the case in Italy,whichwas industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of thetwentieth century,Italy was a poor,largely
15、agricultural country with ahigh birth rate.A代er World War,Italys economy was rapidlymodernized and industrialized.By the end of the century,the birth ratehad dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the worlds lowest.In atraditional agricultural economy,a large f a mi l y.A、can be an advantageB、may limit i
16、ncomeC、isn/t necessaryD、is expensive【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 对照本段In a traditional agriculturaleconomy,large families are helpful.大的家庭是有帮助的，选项中最接近意思的是A,成为一个优势，答案是A。第11题【单选题】The ISU wont finally approve the new system until it meets in June butalready UK Sport,the British Government/s sports body,has expre
17、ssedreservations.I remain to be convinced that the random selectionsystem would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethicalsport is looking for,says Jerry Bingham,UK Sports head of ethics.Theattitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISUcan be best described as.
18、A、indifferent.B reserved.C enthusiastic.D、positive.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o根据本段第一句话可知英国对他们提出的新规则是持保留态度的。第12题【单选题】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006/s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthyquirk:elite soccer players are likely to have been bor
19、n in the earliermonths of the year than in the later months.If you then examined theEuropean national youth teams that feed the World Cup andprofessional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be evenmore pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses:a)cer
20、tain astrological signs confer superiorsoccer skills,b)winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacitywhich increases soccer stamina,c)soccer mad parents are more likely toconceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania,d)none of the above.The word“mania”(Paragraph 2)most p
21、robably meansA、funB、crazeC、hysteriaD、excitement【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选B o词义理解题，考查考生利用上下文推测词义。文章第1段介绍一个奇怪的现象，即高水平的足球运动员多半是一年中头几个月出生的。第2段试图解释这一现象，对这一现象做出种种猜测，即“某些星相赋予人们高超的足球技能，冬天出生的婴儿氧气足，这会增加足球运动所需的耐力，足球迷的父母往往容易在春天孕育新生命”等等。本段中的mania一词出现在第三种猜测中，句子的前半部分有“soccer mad，意思是对足球痴迷、疯狂的，由此可以推断mania”一词与soccer mad接近，即
22、疯狂。因此正确答案是Bo第13题【单选题】When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or insome way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it,the firststep is to present the warranty,or any other records which might help,atthe store of purchase.In most cases,this action will produce results.Ho
23、wever,if it does not,there are various means the consumer may useto gain satisfaction.The main idea of this paragraph is.A In personB Polite ConsumersC Show RecordsD、Store Manager【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 文章第一段讲述了大部分顾客买到假冒伪劣产品时首先会拿着保单或其他单据去要求退换或索赔，而这种方法通常是起到作用的。然后又说到如果这个方法不好使的话，还有其他办法。所以总体上这一段是介绍买到假冒伪劣产品时
24、，首先要提供单据证明你的购买是真实的。第 14题【单选题】We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and servicesthat we export,the investment that we attract and we make abroad.A、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。B、英国比世界上其他主要经济更依赖商品和服务出口的投资、引资。C、英国对出口的商品和服务以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。D、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖超过了世界上任何其他经济
25、大国。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o 本题主要考查经济的专业术语。原文中的economy指“经济大国，是近几年才出现的一种用法。第 15题【单选题】Today,working less than a 40-hour week,people enjoy more leisure timeHence,the wise use of leisure time has become an important problemfor everyone,young or old.It is a particularly difficult problem for thesick,the aged,a
26、nd those who have retired from earning a living.Thosepeople have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interestingand worthwhile ways to use it.How to spend leisure time wisely is not aparticularly difficult problem for p e o p l e.A、who are very busy everydayB、who are sick in bedC、who ar
27、e aged and in good healthD、who have retired from work【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题可采用排除法，第三句话(It is a particularlydifficult problem for the sick,the aged,and those who haveretired from earning a living.),可以看出这三类人对于怎样度过空闲时光是特别困难的，所以可以排除BCD项，选 A。第16题【单选题】Excessive weight gain doesnt do you any good.A、过分的B、扩大的C、进化的D
28、、非常【正确答案】A【答案解析】excessive adj.过多的，极度的;过分的。第17题【单选题】A large of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-redheat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.A、ratioB、proportionC、rateD、fraction【正确答案】B【答案解析】proportion 部分,份儿，指部分与整体的关系，如：A large proportion of the dolphins in that area wille
29、ventually die.根据题意，正确答案应为B。第18题【单选题】Much he has a good taste,he cant avoid being influenced byadvertisements.A、that he claimsB、does he claimC、as he claimsD、is it that he claims【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 句意：尽管他那样声称自己有很好的鉴赏力，但他也没能避开受到好多广告的影响。形容词、副词、名词、动词+as/though+主语+谓语+主句 为固定句型，其中“形容词、副词、名词、动词+as/though+主语+
30、谓语相当于although引导的状语从句。第19题【单选题】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006/s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthyquirk:elite soccer players are likely to have been born in the earliermonths of the year than in the later months.If you then examin
31、ed theEuropean national youth teams that feed the World Cup andprofessional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be evenmore pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses:a)certain astrological signs confer superiorsoccer skills,b)winter-born babies tend
32、 to have higher oxygen capacitywhich increases soccer stamina,c)soccer mad parents are more likely toconceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania,d)none of the above.The word“mania”(Paragraph 2)most probably meansA、funB、crazeC、hysteriaD、excitement【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o 词义理解题，考查考生利
33、用上下文推测词义。文章第1 段介绍一个奇怪的现象，即高水平的足球运动员多半是一年中头几个月出生的。第 2 段试图解释这一现象，对这一现象做出种种猜测，即“某些星相赋予人们高超的足球技能，“冬天出生的婴儿氧气足，这会增加足球运动所需的耐力，足球迷的父母往往容易在春天孕育新生命等等。本段中的mania一词出现在第三种猜测中，句子的前半部分有“soccer mad,意思是对足球痴迷、疯狂的，由此可以推断mania”一词与soccer mad接近,即 疯狂。因此正确答案是Bo第20题【单选题】He was so angry at all she was doing he walked out.A、wh
34、at,thatB、that,thatC、that,whichD、what,as【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题关键短语be angry at sth.因此all后的shewas doing为定语从句，修饰all。第二个空考查so.that.句型，答案应为B。第21题【单选题】Between the two rows of trees the teaching building.A、standB、standsC、standingD、are【正确答案】B【答案解析】这是个倒装句,主语是the teaching building,所以谓语动词用单数形式。第22题【单选题】Finally,many gr
35、eat players come from the same kind of neighborhood-apoor,crowed area where a boys dream is not to be a doctor,lawyer,orbusinessman,but to become a rich,famous athlete or entertainer.Forexample,Liverpool,which produced the Beetles,had one of the bestEnglish soccer（英式足球）teams in recent years.Pele pra
36、cticed in thestreet with a ball made of rags.And George Best learned the tricks thatmade him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall in the slums ofBelfast.All great players have a lot in common,but that doesnt explainwhy they are great.Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets,but only one
37、became Pele.The greatest players are born with someunique quality that sets them apart from all the others.In the lastparagraph the statement.but only one became Pele/indicates thatA、Pele is the greatest soccer player.B、the greatest players are born with some unique quality.C、Peles birthplace sets h
38、im apart from all the others.D、the success of a soccer player has everything to do with the familyback ground.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。Pele是个伟大的球员，Hundreds ofboys played in those Brazilian streets,but only one became Pele成百上千的人在巴西的街道上踢球，但是只有一个Pele这样的伟大球员。最后一句话点明主题The greatest players areborn with some uniq
39、ue quality that sets them apart from all theothers.所以答案是B。第23题【单选题】from space,the earth,with water seventy percent of itssurface,looks like a“blue ball.A、Seen;coveredB、Seen;coveringC Seeing;coveringD、Seeing;covering【正确答案】B【答案解析】分词作状语时，是用现在分词还是过去分词，要看它与句子主语的关系。在此see与 the earth为被动关系,因此用过去分词；water与 cov
40、er间为主动关系，因此用现在分词。第24题【单选题】So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10percent.A、sawB、seeC had seenD、have seen【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。考查时态。根据句中的so far可知,本句应该用现在完成时态。第25题【单选题】She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who waslooking very sad.A、她经常提到她如何在意大利碰到一位老先生，他看来很悲伤。B
41、、她常对人说，她在意大利碰到过一位愁容满面的老先生。C、她经常提到她如何在意大利碰到一位愁容满面的老先生。D、她常对人说，她在意大利碰到过一位上了年纪的绅士，他看起来很悲伤。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。who was looking very sad”是定语,翻译成中文要注意语序。第26题【单选题】At twenty-two,he had first learned what it is to a Negro.A、他 22岁时，生平第一次尝到了对待黑人的滋味。B、他 22岁时，生平第一次懂得了如何做一个黑人。C、他 22岁时，生平第一次知道了黑人意味着什么。D、他 22岁 时 一，生平
42、第一次知道是如何对待黑人的。【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题解题的关键是What it is to a Negro,表示的意思是：对待黑人的滋味。第27题【单选题】Physiologically,we are rhythmical.We must eat,sleep,breathe,and playregularly to maintain good health.Emotionally we are rhythmical,too,for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relativedepression a
43、nd exhilaration.Intellectually we are also rhythmical,for wemust have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration.Itnaturally follows then that rhythm,a fundamental aspect of our lives,must be a part of any good literary work whether poetry orprose.According to the passage,which of the
44、following pairs of activitiesbest illustrates intellectual rhythm?A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology bookB、Learning a poem and then taking a napC、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimmingD、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o段落的
45、结尾处讲到：在脑力活动方面，我们也同样是有节奏的，因为我们在高度集中精力一段时间以后，必须让脑子有一个松弛的阶段(we must haveperiods of relaxation following periods of concentration)。根据这个信息，A、D项内容都是高度集中的脑力活动，与原文内容恰好相反；B项内容是学习诗歌与小睡一会，正好符合原文，一张一弛。而C项内容又全是不费脑力的活动，也不符合原文。第28题【单选题】Congress assembles together in January.A、rangeB、restrictC、gatherD、restore【正确答案】
46、C【答案解析】assembles集合，聚集;装配;收集；gather收集；收割；使 聚集；使 皱起。第29题【单选题】He smiled,with the implication that he didnt believe me.A、革新B、暗指，含义C、刺激，推动D、改进【正确答案】B【答案解析】implication n.含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响。第30题【单选题】This is rather for your father to decide than for you.A、这是你父亲的决定而不是你的决定。B、这取决于你父亲的决定而你不该决定。C、这件事情得由你父亲决定而不
47、是你来决定。D、这并不是为你而是为你的父亲才这样决定的。【正确答案】C第31题【单选题】Will all those the proposal raise their hands?A、in relation toB、in contrast toC、in excess ofD、in favor of【正确答案】D【答案解析】in relation to 关于。in contrast to 相反/对立。inexcess of 超出。in favor of 喜欢。第32题【单选题】Father made a promise I passed the examination he would buym
48、e a computer.A thatB、that ifC、ifD、whether【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题答案为Bo that引导同位语从句作promise的同位语，if在同位语从句之中引导条件状语从句。第33题【单选题】All plays are alike to me just as all music is alike to Tony.A、所有的戏剧对于我就像所有的音乐对托尼一样。B、正如托尼对音乐毫无欣赏一样，我对戏剧也是一窍不通。C、我对戏剧就像托尼对音乐一样，非常欣赏。D、正如托尼喜欢所有的音乐一样，我也非常喜欢所有的戏剧。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o本题主要考查英
49、语结构。有些句子虽然没有使用否定句，也没有使用具有否定意味的动词、名词、形容词等，但是上下文却暗示着一种否定意味。all.is/arealike可直译为：“（对某人来说）都一样,言外之意是说自己没能力加以辨别或欣赏。第34题【单选题】Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this areaand may undermine social stability.A、prevalentB、primitiveC previousD、premature【正确答案】A【答案解析】prevalent“普遍的，流行的。根据题意，正确答案应选Ao第35题【
50、单选题】In his closing remarks,the chairman expressed his thanks to all thosewho had contributed to the success of the conference.A、commentsB、speechC、criticismD、lecture【正确答案】B【答案解析】remarks致辞。speech讲话，演说。参考译文：在闭幕词里，主席向所有为大会的成功举办作出过贡献的人士表示了感谢。第36题【单选题】You will be liable for any damage caused.A、liberalB、re