初中英语中考高频考点(共100个).docx

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1、中考英语高频考点一、名词的单复数1 .一般情况,直接加-S,如:book-books,2 .以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, fox-foxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4 .以“f 或 fe 结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es,如:knife-knives, leaf-leaves5 .以。结尾有生命的+ es,无生命的+ s,元音oo结尾+ s,如:photo- photos,

2、 potato-potatoes, kangaroo-kangaroos6 .不变的有:Chinese, Japanese, fish, deer, sheep7 .不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, po1icewoman-po1icewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, people 人们,如何+ s 则变成民族比如:There are 56 peoples in China.中国有56个民族。8 .中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。Englishm

3、an - EnglishmenFrenchman - FrenchmenGerman - Germans9 .不规贝I变化 (mouse-mice, foot-feet, child- children, tooth - teeth, man - men, woman - women)10 .其他形式。childchildren, oxoxen, grown-upgrown-ups, passer bypassers by,brother in lawbrothers in law, man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时,两者都要改为复数,如:two women doctors, ma

4、ny men leaderso11 .特殊的复数形式(1)只有复数,没有单数形式。如:trousers裤子,clothes衣服,shorts短裤,goods商 品,glasses眼镜,people人们等。(2)集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰,只能在其前加the表示全体,如:the police, the English, the people,动词也用复数形式,但family, class, team, group等集合名词,若指 整体,看作单数形式,若指其中的成员,则看作复数形式,动词也应该有相应变化。注意:可数名词的量可以用many, few, a few, a(large/great) n

5、umber of, a great/ good many 等来修饰,而 some, several, any, enough, most, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large / small quantity of等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。同一词在不同意义下有可能可数有可能不可数不可数名词(1)不可数名词一般只有单数形式,前面不能直接加冠词,但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名 词也可转化为可数名词,如 have a good time, a heavy rain, a strong wind 等。(2)不可数名词可以用 much, litt

6、le, a little, a great deal of, a large/small amount 等来修饰,当这些做主语时,主要看量的单位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。如:news (消息),maths (数学),physics (物理),No news is good newso主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。获取对话中的具体信息。注意对话中的一些具体信息,如时间、地点、人物、年代事件、数 字等。理解领会对话的意图观点、态度及内容。要特别注意讲话者随时会改变主意和更正说过的话。

7、 有时候,更正的话会由其他人说出来。立足于整体。不管听什么材料,注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上,千万不能只停留在 个别单词或单句上。重点听实词。要把重点放在听关键词即实词上,一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下 来。73、引导定语从句的常见词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who (宾 格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先 行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。74、定语从句分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定

8、语从句。限制 性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之 间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。75、短文改错常见错误检查思路句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;谓语动词的时态、语态;非谓语动词的用法;名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;代词的格和性的使用是否有误;定语从句中关系代词、关系副词是否准确无误;并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。76、短文改错解题4原则改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则;以保持句子原意为 原则。77、短文改错解题注意事项核对错

9、项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1: 1: 8”的 比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个 语法有的现象。莪对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号、忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。78、短文改错常见错误1谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有一般现在时与一般过去时 错用;and前后动词时态不一致;主谓不一致;缺少动词,特别是be动词;第三人称单 数形式错用;主动语态和被动语态错用。They did not want me to do any work at

10、 home; they want me to devote all my timeto my studies, (did改为do,错误类型属于)As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories, (visiting改为visited,错误类型属于)79、短文改错常见错误2名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。I 11 get good marks in all my subject, (subject 改为 subjects)80、短文改错常见错误3冠词错误:误用a和an

11、 (根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the (固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)We maybe one family and live under a same roof, (a 改为 the, the same 是固定搭酉己) 81、短文改错常见错误4.形容词和副词错误:系动词(am/is/are/was/were/become/go)和感官性动词(smell/feel) 后用形容词;词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词和形容词)。I m sure we 11 have awonderfully time together, (time 是名词,要用形容词 wonde

12、rful 修饰)My pronunciation was terribly, (was 后用形容词,terribly 改为 terrible)82、短文改错常见错误5.代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them)错误;反身代 词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数 使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning

13、to expressme in simple English. (me 改为 myself)One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher, (to 前力口 it)83、短文改错常见错误6非谓语动词的常见错误:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后 不一致;介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper, (enjoy 后需接动名词,talk 改为 talking)But his parents think

14、go to college is more important than playing sports, (go 作 主语,应改为going)84、短文改错常见错误7介词错误:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用。There are too many people among my family, (among 改为 in, in my family 为固定搭酉己)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(去掉 at, the moment弓【导从句)85、遇到生词的猜

15、词法一一根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义在有be, call等判断词出现的句子中,可以根据已知部分,猜测生词的含义。例如:A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called acarpentero 通过理解定语从句的意思,能猜出carpenter是“木匠”的意思。86、遇到生词的猜词法一一根据对比关系猜测生词的词义在有but, however, yet, otherwise, though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前 后的词有明显的对比关系,根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生

16、词的词义了。 例如:Though Tom 6s face has been washed quiteclean, his neck still remains grubbyo和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的” 了,因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的二87、遇到生词的猜词法一一通过因果关系猜测词义because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连接结果状语从句的连词, so. . . that.与such. . . that.中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词 的句子中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如:She wante

17、d the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was toolongo根据because从句所讲的意思,我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。88、遇到生词的猜词法一一根据生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力,自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜 出词义。例如:Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the coldo根据句子意思及生活经验,wither是“枯萎”的意思。89、遇到生词的猜词法一一根据同等关系猜测词义同等关系,指的是一个词,一组词或短

18、语在句中作同一成分,而且它们的词义都属于同一范 畴。明显的标志是,这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如:Atforty-twohe was in his prime and always full of energyo从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛 年时期二90、遇到生词的猜词法一一根据列举的事例猜测词义You can take any of the periodicals: The World of EnglishvoForeign Language Teaching in Schoolsor u

19、English Learning”。从后面列举的例子中,可以猜出periodical是“期刊, 杂志”的意思。91、根据构词法知识猜测词义根据学过的构词法知识,知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义,就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。 例如:The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable。forget的意思是“忘记”,后缀-able表示“能够”,前缀“un”表示否定,所以“unforgettable” 意思就是“无法忘记的”或“难忘的”。92、should+动词原形的虚拟结构在这个情况下,宾语从句需要使用should+动词原形,口诀:一、二、四、四:一个坚持(

20、insist)、两个命令(order、command) 四个建议(suggest、propose、 recommend、advise) 四个要求(demand、require、request、desire)I suggest youshould have enough sleep.动名词和动词不定时区别系列93 forget to do忘记做某事forget doing忘记已做过某事94、regret to do遗憾要做某事regret doing后悔做过某事95 mean to do打算企图做某事mean doing意味着做某事96、try to do努力做某事try doing试图做某事9

21、7 need to do需要做某事need doing需要被最常见的介词用法98、by的用法在,旁边二 beside靠、通过某种手段、交通工具按照 It is 8 by my watch.在之前、不迟于 Can you return the book by Monday?被、由用于被动语态written by Jk.99、for的用法为了、给(表示目的)历经(时间、距离)for a month以代价/价钱交换支持赞成,反义词against就,而言 too much for me100、of的用法所属关系 a friend of mine同位关系the city of BJ关于,表示动作的对象(

22、常与hear, think, talk连用)hear of sb.“be made from something是指用某种原料制造出来”,这种原料经过制造,已经看不 出原来的模样。“be made of”,也表示“用某东西制造出来”,但不同的是,可以看出原料。二、名词的所有格(1)名词所有格二般都是在结尾加S,如Kates,但以s结尾的复数,只加,如Teachers Day; of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系,如the problem of the Americanso但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词,所有格也有s的形式,如two days trip。(2)当某物为两人共有时,

23、名词所有格为A+ B, so而当某物为各人所有时为A,s+B,s。(3)双重属格则指:of属格+名词所有格/名词性物主代词,如a cousin of my fathers, a friend of mine。(4)名词修饰语只修饰可数名词(each、every many)只修饰不可数名词(little、aalarge amount of)、都可以修饰(some、any, a lot of/lots of plenty of)(5)冠词的类型包括不定冠词(Indefinite Article)定冠词(Definite Article)否定冠 词(Negative Article)、部分冠词(Pa

24、rtitive Article)和零冠词(Zero Article,即不用冠 词)。三、不定冠词(a+辅音音素/an+元音音素);易错说明:hour, honest, honor, uniform, European等词是元音字母开头,但是第一个发 音的音素是辅音,所以前面用a四、定冠词(the表特定)1、表示某个或某些特定的人或物汤姆是我们班的班长。(不是别的班的)Tom is the moniter of our class.2、特指双方都明白的人或物我很冷,请把门关了。(双方都知道是哪个门)I am cold,would you please close the door.3、世界上独一

25、无二的事物天空是蓝色的。The sky is blue.地球绕着太阳转。The earth goes around the sun.4、上文提到过的人或事He has a pen and the pen is given by his sisiter5、用在序数词和最高级前面第一 the first 第二 the second 第三 the third他是我们班最高。He is the tallest in our class.6、用在表示乐器的名词前他会弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他He can play the piano/violin/guitar7、用在姓氏的复数名词前格林一家在看电视。Th

26、e Greens are watching TV.8、用在习惯用语中在白天in the day (在晚上at night)在早上/下午/晚上in the morning/afternoon/ evening(9)形容词前表示一类人或物或抽象概念the poor 穷人, the rich 富人,the old老人五、零冠词用法1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England, Mary;2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;They are teachers.他们是教师。3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success. 失

27、败乃成功之母。4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加号词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,

28、play chess8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。9)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus, by train;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如: school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town, church, court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看

29、病,而是有其他目的)11)不用冠词的序数词;a.序数词前单勿主代词b.序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c.在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last5、such的用法such作限定词和all, no, any, some, other, anther等词连用时,such放后面。如果such修饰单数可数名词,且与不定冠词连用时需置于其前;such前有no时不用冠词。6、so的用法在believe, think, expect, suppose等词后用so代替前文提出的观点在肯定句中表示与上文相同

30、的情况,如:So do I.7、all和both的用法all三者或三者以上全部都,both二者都。all指整体或抽象事物时当做单数,指人时当做 复数。both做主语时,谓语动词用复数。8、many修饰或替代可数名词,much修饰或替代不可数名词many a许多(谓语动词用单数)a good/greatmany 很多as many as/asmuch as 样多、 差不多9、little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词a little有一点,修饰不可数名词few几乎没有,修饰可数名词a few有一点,修饰可数名词10、形容词比较级最高级原级比较: is as good asmine.表示少于或超过另一方

31、:fewer than, morethan易混淆短语:as well as也既as far as就而言11、比较级常见错误:用much表强调时的误用She looks more younger than I. (X)She looks much younger than I. ( V )12、介词短语重点except for 除了in place of 代替on behalf of 代表but for要不是in front of在前面13、介词across, over, through, past四个常考介词的区别across横穿穿越,发生在物体表面over跨过越过,发生在物体上方throug

32、h穿过,发生在某物空间内past从旁经过14、易混淆的介词短语in all总共after all 毕竟at all根本,常用在否定句中表强调above all最重要的是,尤其是15、序数词前一定要加定冠词the,改错常考,序数词与基数词连用时; 序数词放在前面, 如 the first one。16、will和would的用法(常考)will常与第二人称you连用,表示征求对方意见,will you/won t you?would更委婉客气一些,常用短语:would like to dowould rather宁愿17、虚拟语气对事实的假设条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反过去

33、式(be 用 were)should/ would/could/ might+动词原形与将来事实相反(1)过去式(be 用 were)(2 ) should + 动词原形(3 ) were to+动词原形should/would/could/ might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词18、一般现在时表将来的2种情况:拟定或安排好的事情、一定要发生的动作:should/ would/ could/过去分词The train arrives at 10.在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中一般现在时表将来19、过去即将要发生的动作:was/were about to do sth

34、.20、句子中出现过去时,才会使用过去完成时表过去的过去-一直延续到过去的动作I was tired.I had been working sincedawn.21、常用句型:It is adj. for sb. to do sth.It is adj. of sb. to do sth.(形容词评价某人)22、经常接疑问词+不定式的动词:learn, ask, discuss, explain, know, remember, forget, understand, think, consider, decide.如 I have to learn how to study English.

35、23、主谓一致the number of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数a number of+复数名词时,谓语动词用复数someplentyofa lot of,谓语动词根据所修饰的词而定a quantity of谓语动词用单数;large quantities of谓语动词用复数24、谓语动词就近一致:either or /neither nor /not only but also 谓语动词和靠近的主语一致(常考)25、同位语从句常跟同位语从句的名词或短语(常考):belief /doubt /hope /report /word /opinion /idea 使用举例:We have

36、 some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.26、直接引语和间接引语变间接引语要向前推一个时态!例:He said, “ I am sorry. ”He said that he was sorry.27定语从句who/whom的用法(介词+whom)例:He is the man who lives next door.1 have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.28、定语从句that/which的用法,通常可以互换,但下列情况必须用that (改错常考):

37、先行词是all, much, few, little, something等不定代词时先行词有 the only, thesame, the very 修饰时主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时先行词既有物又有人时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时29、as和which用法辨析,引导非限定性定语从句as的先行词只能是句子,which的先行词可以是词。30、表示一就的引导词as soonas/immediately/instantly/the moment/no sooner than/hardly31 no sooner与hardly在句首时,要求句子倒装。32、so that连用引导目的/结果状

38、语从句so adj. /adv. /many/few+that: There is so little time that*such adj. + 名词+that: Kathy is such a lovely girl that*33强调句型:It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子剩余部分,和定语从句的区别:It was 8 when I left home.(定语从句)34. wish +宾语从句,表示不大可能实现的愿望表示现在的不能实现的愿望:主语+过去时;表示过去的不能实现的愿望:主语+had done;表示将来的不能实现的愿望:主语+would/could do35、It

39、 was +时间段+before.过了多久才”It was not long before.不久,就It will (not) be +时间段+before,要过多久(不久)才(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)36、as if/though+主语+did/had done好像(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)参考句型4例句Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.37 as, tho

40、ugh, although引导的让步状语从句。注意although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中二though。它的词序是把句中 强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。38 in case of(+n.) 以防;万一;in case that以防,万一(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)39、作文段首高分句型关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为There are different opinions among people as to. Some people suggest that. 俗话说(常言道),它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍

41、然适用。 There is an old saying that. Its the experience of our fore fathers; however, it is correct in many cases even today.现在,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,;其次,。更为糟糕 的是。Today, , which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First,Second,. What makes things worse is that.关于B的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说),在他们看来,People

42、5 s opinions about vary from person to person. Some people say that To them,.40、作文中间段落高分句型相反,有一些人赞成,他们相信,而且,他们认为。On the contrary, there are some people in favor of. At the same time, they say.但是,我认为这不是解决的好方法,比如。赢糕的是。一But I don t think it is a very good way to solve. For example,. Worst ofall, .对莪们国家

43、的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,。而且,最重 要的是isnecessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First, .Whats more, . Most important of all, .为什么?第一个原亩是;第二个原因是;第三个原因是。总的来说, 的主要原因是由于Why? The first reason is that . The second reason is . Thethird is . For all this, the main cause of is due

44、 to . I fully agree on the statement that because.41、作文结尾西落面分句型至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为As far as I am concerned, I agree on the latter opinion to some extent. I think that总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of. Only in this way can in

45、the future.但是,和都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,而。然而,把这两者相比 较,我更倾向于(喜欢)But and have their own advantages. For example, , while. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to.薪莪了人而言,我相信,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等蠲I因为Personally, I believe that. Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because.至于我(对我来说,就我而言)

46、,我认为更合理。只有这样,我们才能For my part, I think it reasonable to. Only in this way can we .42、英语作文表达常用句型短语(表达原由5A number of factors are accountable for this situation.The answer to this problem involves many factors.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.Perhaps the primary factor is that 43、表示比较The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.A may be prefer able to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it wou1d be foolish to claim that

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