初中英语中考高频考点(共100个).doc

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1、中考英语高频考点一、名词的单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, fox-foxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves5.以o结尾有生命的es,无生命的s,元音oo结尾s,如:photo- photos, potato-potatoes, kanga

2、roo-kangaroos6.不变的有:Chinese, Japanese, fish, deer, sheep7.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, people 人们, 如何s则变成民族比如:There are 56 peoples in China.中国有56个民族。8.中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。Englishman - EnglishmenFrenchman - F

3、renchmenGerman - Germans9.不规则变化(mouse-mice,foot-feet, child- children, tooth - teeth, man - men, woman - women)、10.其他形式。childchildren,oxoxen,grown-upgrown-ups,passer bypassers by,brother in lawbrothers in law,man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时,两者都要改为复数,如:two women doctors,many men leaders。11.特殊的复数形式(1) 只有复数,没有单

4、数形式。如:trousers裤子,clothes衣服,shorts短裤,goods商品,glasses眼镜,people人们等。(2) 集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰,只能在其前加the表示全体,如:the police,the English,the people,动词也用复数形式,但family,class,team,group等集合名词,若指整体,看作单数形式,若指其中的成员,则看作复数形式,动词也应该有相应变化。注意:可数名词的量可以用many,few,a few,a(large/great) number of,a great/ good many等来修饰,而some,several,

5、any,enough,most,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a largesmall quantity of等既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。同一词在不同意义下有可能可数有可能不可数不可数名词(1)不可数名词一般只有单数形式,前面不能直接加冠词,但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词,如have a good time,a heavy rain,a strong wind等。(2)不可数名词可以用much,little,a little,a great deal of,a large/small amount等来修饰,当这些做主语时,主要看量的单

6、位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。如:news(消息),maths(数学),physics(物理),No news is good news。二、名词的所有格(1) 名词所有格一般都是在结尾加 s,如Kates,但以s结尾的复数,只加 ,如Teachers Day;of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系,如the problem of the Americans。但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词,所有格也有s的形式,如two days trip。(2) 当某物为两人共有时,名词所有格为A+ Bs。

7、而当某物为各人所有时为As+Bs。(3) 双重属格则指:of属格+名词所有格名词性物主代词,如a cousin of my fathers,a friend of mine。(4)名词修饰语只修饰可数名词(each、every、many)、只修饰不可数名词(little、a little、 alarge amount of)、都可以修饰(some、any, a lot of/lots of、plenty of)(5)冠词的类型包括不定冠词(Indefinite Article)、定冠词(Definite Article)、否定冠词(Negative Article)、部分冠词(Partitiv

8、e Article)和零冠词(Zero Article,即不用冠词)。三、不定冠词(a+辅音音素/an+元音音素);易错说明:hour, honest, honor,uniform, European等词是元音字母开头,但是第一个发音的音素是辅音,所以前面用a四、定冠词(the表特定)1、表示某个或某些特定的人或物汤姆是我们班的班长。(不是别的班的)Tom is the moniter of our class.2、特指双方都明白的人或物我很冷,请把门关了。(双方都知道是哪个门)I am cold,would you please close the door.3、世界上独一无二的事物天空是蓝

9、色的。The sky is blue.地球绕着太阳转。The earth goes around the sun.4、上文提到过的人或事He has a pen and the pen is given by his sisiter5、用在序数词和最高级前面第一the first 第二the second 第三the third他是我们班最高。He is the tallest in our class.6、用在表示乐器的名词前他会弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他.He can play the piano/violin/guitar7、用在姓氏的复数名词前格林一家在看电视。The Greens ar

10、e watching TV.8、用在习惯用语中在白天in the day(在晚上at night)在早上/下午/晚上in the morning/afternoon/ evening(9)形容词前表示一类人或物或抽象概念the poor 穷人, the rich 富人,the old 老人 五、零冠词用法1) 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;They are teachers.他们是教师。3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。4)物质

11、名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess8

12、)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)11)不用冠词的序数词

13、;a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c.在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last5、such的用法such作限定词和all,no,any,some,other,anther等词连用时,such放后面。如果such修饰单数可数名词,且与不定冠词连用时需置于其前;such前有no时不用冠词。6、so的用法在believe,think,expect,suppose等词后用so代替前文提出的观点在肯定句中表示与上文相同的情况,如:So do I.7、all和both的用法all三

14、者或三者以上全部都,both二者都。all指整体或抽象事物时当做单数,指人时当做复数。both做主语时,谓语动词用复数。8、many修饰或替代可数名词,much修饰或替代不可数名词many a 许多(谓语动词用单数)a good/greatmany很多as many as/asmuch as一样多、差不多9、little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词a little有一点,修饰不可数名词few几乎没有,修饰可数名词a few有一点,修饰可数名词10、形容词比较级最高级原级比较:is as good asmine.表示少于或超过另一方:fewer than, morethan易混淆短语:as well

15、 as也既as far as就而言11、比较级常见错误:用much表强调时的误用She looks more younger than I.()She looks much younger than I.()12、介词短语重点except for除了in place of代替on behalf of代表but for要不是in front of在前面13、介词across, over, through, past四个常考介词的区别across 横穿穿越,发生在物体表面over 跨过越过,发生在物体上方through 穿过,发生在某物空间内past 从旁经过14、易混淆的介词短语in all总共

16、after all毕竟at all根本,常用在否定句中表强调above all最重要的是,尤其是15、序数词前一定要加定冠词the,改错常考,序数词与基数词连用时,序数词放在前面,如the first one。16、will和would的用法(常考)will常与第二人称you连用,表示征求对方意见,will you/wont you?would更委婉客气一些,常用短语:would like to dowould rather宁愿17、虚拟语气18、一般现在时表将来的2种情况:拟定或安排好的事情、一定要发生的动作:The train arrives at 10.在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步

17、状语从句中一般现在时表将来19、过去即将要发生的动作:was/were about to do sth.20、句子中出现过去时,才会使用过去完成时表过去的过去-一直延续到过去的动作I was tired.I had been working sincedawn.21、常用句型:It is adj.for sb.to do sth.It is adj.of sb.to do sth.(形容词评价某人)22、经常接疑问词+不定式的动词:learn, ask, discuss, explain, know, remember, forget, understand, think, consider,

18、 decide.如 I have to learn how to study English.23、主谓一致the number of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数a number of+复数名词时,谓语动词用复数someplentyofa lot of,谓语动词根据所修饰的词而定a quantity of谓语动词用单数;large quantities of谓语动词用复数24、谓语动词就近一致:eitheror/neithernor/not onlybut also谓语动词和靠近的主语一致(常考)25、同位语从句常跟同位语从句的名词或短语(常考):belief /doubt /hope

19、/report /word /opinion /idea使用举例:We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.26、直接引语和间接引语变间接引语要向前推一个时态!例:He said, ”I am sorry.”He said that he was sorry.27、定语从句who/whom的用法(介词+whom)例:He is the man who lives next door.I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.28、定语从句th

20、at/which的用法,通常可以互换,但下列情况必须用that(改错常考):先行词是all,much,few,little,something等不定代词时先行词有the only,thesame,the very修饰时主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时先行词既有物又有人时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时29、as和which用法辨析,引导非限定性定语从句as的先行词只能是句子,which的先行词可以是词。30、表示一就的引导词as soonas/immediately/instantly/the moment/no sooner than/hardly31、no sooner与hardly在句

21、首时,要求句子倒装。32、so that 连用引导目的/结果状语从句so adj./adv./many/few+that:There is so little time thatsuch adj.+名词+that:Kathy is such a lovely girl that33、强调句型:It is/was 被强调的部分 that/who 句子剩余部分,和定语从句的区别:It was 8 when I left home.(定语从句)34、wish +宾语从句,表示不大 可能实现的愿望表示现在的不能实现的愿望:主语+过去时;表示过去的不能实现的愿望:主语+had done;表示将来的不能实

22、现的愿望:主语+would/could do35、It was + 时间段+before.过了多久才It was not long before.不久,就It will (not) be +时间段+before.要过多久(不久)才(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)36、as if/though+主语+did/had done好像(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)参考句型4例句Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class thi

23、nk highly of her.37、as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。注意although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。38、in case of(+n.) 以防;万一;in case that以防,万一(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)39、作文段首高分句型关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that_.俗话说(常言道

24、),它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying that_.Its the experience of our fore fathers;however,it is correct in many cases even today.现在,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,;其次,。更为糟糕的是。Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First, _Second,_.What makes things worse is that_.关于人们的

25、观点各不相同,一些人认为(说),在他们看来,Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person.Some people say that_.To them,_.40、作文中间段落高分句型相反,有一些人赞成,他们相信,而且,他们认为。On the contrary,there are some people in favor of_.At the same time,they say_.但是,我认为这不是解决的好方法,比如。最糟糕的是。But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _.For e

26、xample,_.Worst of all,_.对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,。而且,最重要的是_isnecessary and important to our countrys development and construction.First,_.Whats more, _.Most important of all,_.为什么?第一个原因是;第二个原因是;第三个原因是。总的来说,的主要原因是由于Why_? The first reason is that _.The second reason is _.Thethird is _.For all th

27、is, the main cause of _ is due to _.I fully agree on the statement that _ because_.41、作文结尾段落高分句型至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为As far as I am concerned, I agree on the latter opinion to some extent.I think that _.总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来。In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the

28、problem of _.Only in this way can _in the future.但是,和都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,而。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)But _and _have their own advantages.For example, _, while_.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to_.就我个人而言,我相信,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为Personally, I believe that_.Consequently, Im confident that a bright fu

29、ture is awaiting us because_.至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为更合理。只有这样,我们才能For my part, I think it reasonable to_.Only in this way can we _.42、英语作文表达常用句型短语(表达原因)A number of factors are accountable for this situation.The answer to this problem involves many factors.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.Per

30、haps the primary factor is that 43、表示比较The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.A may be prefer able to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.For all the disadvan

31、tages, it has its compensating advantages.Like anything else, it has its faults.It is true that A ., but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .44、表示批驳It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more importantfact.Some pe

32、ople say ., but it does not hold water.Many of us have been under the illusion that.Too much stress placed on .may lead to .Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .45、表示后果It may give rise to a host of problems.The immediate result it produces is .It will exercise a profound influence u

33、pon.Its consequence can be so great that.46、将要举例A good case inpoint is .Such examples might be given easily.is often cited as an example.47、表示证明No one can deny the fact that .The idea is hardly supported by facts.Unfortunately, none of the available data shows .Recent studiesindicate that .There is

34、sufficient evidence to show that .According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .48、反义疑问句速记口诀:反意问句三要点,前后谓语正相反;短句not如出现,必须缩写是习惯;最后一点应注意,短句主语代词填49、短文改错易错点四要法:要先浏览全文,知道大意要通过找句号把长句子拆分出来要分析句子结构,再从“多、缺、错、对”四方面细看要通读改后的文章,用语感通查50、短文改错四看法:看有无一致性问题(主谓一致、单复数一致)看有无搭配错误(动宾搭配、介词搭配)看词法和语法错误(冠词、非谓语动词误用)看

35、每行每句间的逻辑错误(甚至有外形相同的词汇误用)51、agree to同意某项计划或安排agree with同意某人agree on达成协议、意见一致52、also用于肯定句,放在系动词、助动词、情态动词后too&as well用于肯定句,放在句末(too用逗号隔开)either用于否定句,放在句末例:John also plays piano./He speaks French, and English as well./I want to eat an apple, too./Idont watch TV, either.53、become指身份和职位的变化get+形容词表变得,多用于口语

36、grow表逐渐变成某种状态turn+表颜色和天气的形容词,变得和以前完全不同go+adj.从好的状态变成坏的状态54、before long不久以后long before很久以前(多用于过去完成时)55、but表转折语气最强烈while强调前后者对比Tom is reading while Jim is playing football.however表示转折常用于插入语,需要和句子用逗号隔开though引导让步状语从句56、comparewith把与相比compareto把比作Life is compared to a voyage.生命被比作一次航行。57、damage表示部分损坏ruin

37、和destroy表示彻底的损毁,但destroy只能作动词,ruin可以表示名词58、die of因而死,表示内部原因如疾病die from因而死,表示外部原因如交通事故59、be famous for以出名(某种技能、某部作品)be famous as以某种身份出名be famous to为某人所知The writer is famous to us.60、hear of间接的听说hear about听到的详情hear from收到的来信61、in future距现在距离较近的将来Dont do that in future.in the future距现在距离较远的将来Who knows

38、what will happen in the future?62、in the air在空中,悬而未决的(后者比较常用)in the open air在户外on the air在广播、正在播放63、keep doing sth.一直做某事,强调活动不间断的状态keep on doing sth.一直做某事,强调客服困难持续坚持64、no more than仅仅,只不过not more than至多,不超过65、only if只有才if only要是就好了,接虚拟语气66、sometime在过去或未来的某个时候sometimes有时some time一段时间some times几倍、几次67、

39、used to do过去常常做某事get/become/beused to doing sth.习惯于be used to do被用来做某事68、全部倒装句的常见结构:here, there,now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.69、部分倒装句的结构和用法把“so .that .”句型中的“so + 形容词 / 副词”部分放在句首时,be动词或

40、助动词放在主语前面。如:So frightened was the girl that she darent move an inch further.用so,neither或nor构成的特殊句型,表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时,出现部分倒装。如:Jim asked the question.So did Lily.把具有“否定”意义的词语放在句首时,出现部分倒装。如:Never shall I forget your advice.70、特殊情形倒装“only + 状语从句”和“not until + 从句”位于句首时,在主句中进行倒装。如:Not until the child

41、 slept did the mother leave the room.“not only.but also.”连接两个分句,not only位于句首时,倒装在not only所在分句进行。如:Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.“no sooner.than.”句型中的nosooner位于句首时,倒装在no sooner 主句中进行;“hardly / scarcely.when.”句型中的hardly位于句首时,倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行。71、完型填空解题4

42、步原则:第一步:跳读。带着空格通读全文,了解短文大意,判别短文文体,同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。第二步:选答。这一步最为关键,要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲,但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题,对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去,遵循先易后难的解题原则。第三步:推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑,把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题,以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲,甄别,筛选和抉择。第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步,要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍,从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思,及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。72、高考英语听力技

43、巧迅速浏览问题。利用听录音前的时间,迅速看一遍题目,预测短文或对话可能涉及的内容。注意听短文的首句和首段。文章的开首句和开首段,往往是对短文内容的概括,如讲话目的、主要内容、作者、论点、故事发生的时间、地点及事由等。获取对话中的具体信息。注意对话中的一些具体信息,如时间、地点、人物、年代事件、数字等。理解领会对话的意图观点、态度及内容。要特别注意讲话者随时会改变主意和更正说过的话。有时候,更正的话会由其他人说出来。立足于整体。不管听什么材料,注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上,千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上。重点听实词。要把重点放在听关键词即实词上,一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。

44、73、引导定语从句的常见词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。74、定语从句分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。75、短文改错常见错误检查思路句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;谓语

45、动词的时态、语态;非谓语动词的用法;名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;代词的格和性的使用是否有误;定语从句中关系代词、关系副词是否准确无误;并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。76、短文改错解题4原则改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则;以保持句子原意为原则。77、短文改错解题注意事项核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个。核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号、忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。78、短文改错常见错误1谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有一般现在时与一般过去时错用;and前后动词时态不一致;主谓不一致;缺少动词,特别是be动词;第三人称单数形式错用;主动语态和被动语态错用。They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my timeto my studies.(did改为do,错误类型属于)As we climbed the mou

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