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1、专题十非谓语动词一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法中考对于非谓语动词的考查主要有三个考向:动词不定式、动名词和分词.在做此类试题时,考生应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后才能确定选用非谓语动词的哪种形式.(1)判定本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词:根据句子判断是否缺少谓语.当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就用谓语动词形式.一般情况下，动词作谓语放在主语之后,如“I love you.中,love就是谓语动词.当句中已有谓语动词，而且没有并列连词使其与答题空处所填动词并列时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式.(2)判定本题该用非谓语动词的哪种形式.根据非谓语动词的句法功能，即动词所作的成分确定.根据句式和固
2、定搭配来确定.知识突破知识点1动词不定式一、定义:动词不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形，不定式符号to 有时可以省略，其否定形式为not to+动词原形.二、用法1.作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置.例如：To learn English well is important.=It is important to learn English well.学好英语很重要.2.作宾语(1)及物动词+动词不定式.常见的接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)(v.+to do sth.)：agree同意cant w ait迫不及待choose选择decide决定want想要expe
3、ct期望fa il失败afford负担得起learn学习manage设法plan计划prefer更喜欢prepare 准备promise 承诺refuse拒绝hope希望(2)find,think等后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面.例如:I find it important to protect our environment.我发现保护我们的环境很重要.3.作宾语补足语常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)(v.+sb.+to do sth.)advise建议allow允许a sk 要求encourage 鼓励expect期望force强迫invite邀请o
4、rder命令teach 教te ll告诉want想要warn警告w ish希望would like 想要4.作定语(1)不定式有时起形容词的作用，修饰名词、代词，在句中作定语.不定式作定语时,它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后.例如：Li Ming is the first to come to the library.李明是第一个来到图书馆的人.(2)不 定 式 修 饰 something,anything,nothing,somewhere时，放在它们的后面，如果something,anything,nothing,somewhere 有形容词来修饰，词 序 是“something/an
5、ything/nothing/somewhere+形容词+不定式”.例如：I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你.5.作状语(1)作目的状语，放在句首或句尾，有时常用to do,in order to do,so as to do等来表目的.例如：To learn English,he decided to go to England.为了学英语，他决定去英国.He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他起得很早,为的是赶上第一趟公交车.(2)作原因状语，和某些形容词连用构成
6、“be+形容词+不定式”短语.例如：I am happy to see my classmates again.我很高兴再次见到我的同学们.(3)作结果状语，常用结构;enough to.,too.to.例如:He is too excited to say anything他激动得说不出话.6.作表语常位于系动词之后来表示主语的职业、职责、目的、愿望等.例如：My dream is to be a pilot.我的梦想是成为一名飞行员.7.不定式的常用句型(l)It is+形容词+of/for sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事真是太.的/对某人来说做某事是 的”.这一句型应特别注
7、意o f和 for的使用情况：for sb.句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词，如:easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,interesting 等.可转化为to do sth.+be+adj.+for sb.”.例如：It was hard for him to learn English welL=To learn English well was hard for him.对他来说学好英语太难了.of sb.句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如:good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,careful 等.可转化为“sb.+be
8、+adj.+to do sth.”.例如：It*s very kind of you to help me.=You are very kind to help me.能帮我的忙，你真是太好了.(2)Its ones turn to do sth.意为“轮到某人做某事了”.例如:It*s my turn to clean the classroom today.今天轮到我打扫教室了.(3)It takes/took sb.some time/money to do sth.意为“某人花多长时间/多少钱做某事例如：It took me 3 hours to get there.我用了三个小时才到
9、达那里.(4)Its time to do sth.=It，s time for slh.意为“是该做某事的时候了”.该句式也可扩展为It*stime for sb.to do sth.意为“是某人该做某事的时候了”.例如：Its time for us to go to school.我们该去上学了.(5)sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.意为“某人因.而.”.例如：I am very sorry to hear由 at.听说那件事我很难过.(6)find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth.意为“发现/认为/感到做某事是.的 例 如：I find it no
10、t easy to learn English well.我发现学好英语不容易.(7)疑问词(what/who/which/when/how/where)+动词不定式作宾语.例如：I dont know which one to buy.我不知道该买哪一个.(8)too+adj.+to do sth.表示“太 而不能做某事”.例如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小了，不能照顾自己.(9)adj./adv.+enough to do sth.表示“足够.可以做某事”.例如：He is old enough to go to sch
11、ool.他到上学的年龄了.Tom runs fast enough to catch up with Li Lei.汤姆跑得那么快,能赶上李雷.(10)used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”;be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”.例如：My grandparents used to live in the country,but now they are used to living in the city.我的祖父母过去住在乡下,但是现在习惯住在城市了.The knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能用来切东西.知识点2 动名
12、词一、定义:动名词是动词的非谓语形式之一，它兼有动词和名词的特征，一般由动词原形加-ing构成.二、用法1.动名词的句法功能用法示例作主语Getting up early is a good habit.早起是个好习惯.作表语His hobby is studying stars.他的爱好是研究星星.做宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球.介词宾语I have no experience in teaching English.我没有教英语的经验.作定语There is a swimming pool in the park.公园
13、里有一个游泳池.2.常见接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）（v.+doing sth.）advise建议avoid避免consider 考虑enjoy喜欢finish完成imagine 想象keep坚持mind介意m iss错过practice 练习feel like 想要deny否认succeed in 成功suggest 建议give u p 放弃look forward to 期待be(get)used to 习惯于be interested in 对 感兴趣dream of 梦想spend time(in)花费时间做.take part in 参加be busy(in)忙于做have fun
14、(in)开心地做.3.有些动词后面既可接不定式,也可接动名词，但是意思有区别，常见的有：（l）stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事Fm tired.Lets stop to have a rest.我累了，让我们停下来休息一下吧.Stop talking,please.请停止讲话.（2）remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走.I remember posting you
15、rletter.我记得把你的信寄出去了.（3）forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（动作未发生）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业来了.I forgot bringing my homework.我都忘记把作业带来了.（4）try to do sth.努力去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事We are trying to learn English well.我们在努力把英语学好.He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们说话.（5）
16、go on to do slh.（做完一件事后）接着去做另外一件事go on doing sth.（短暂停顿后）继续做某事After playing football,we will go on to play basketball.我们踢完足球后，将继续去打篮球.He went on working until he was 91.他一直工作到 91 岁.（6）regret to do slh.对要做某事感到遗憾（未做）regret doing sth对做过某事感到后悔(已做)I regret to say Im not able to help you finish it.很抱歉，我不能帮
17、你完成此事.I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法.mean to do sth.打算/想做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事I meant to go running this morning.今天早晨我打算去跑步.Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间.(8)need to do sth.需要做某事sth.need(s)doing=sth.need(s)to be done 某物需要被.He needs to do his homework.他需要做家庭作业了.Th
18、e flower needs watering.花需要浇水了.(9)can*t help to do slh.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事I cant help to do it.我不能帮忙做这件事.She couldnt help crying when she heard the news.当听到这个消息时,她禁不住哭了起来.知识点3 分词一、定义:分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式，现在分词由“v.+-ing”构成，表示主动、进行之意;过去分词的基本形式由“v.+-ed”构成,但也有不规则的形式，表示被动、完成之意.二、用法分词的主要功能：三、现在分
19、词与过去分词的区别功能用法示例作定语现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词Do you know the girl standing with Mr.Li?你认识和李先生站在一起的那个女孩吗？过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词Please hand in your written exercises.请上交你们的书面练习.作 补 足语现在分词作补足语，句子的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)Em sony to keep you waiting for such a long time.我很抱歉让你等这么长时间.过去分词作补足语，句子的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)He
20、 will have his hair cut after school.他放学后要去理发.作状语分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语Li Ming and Danny ran away,talking and laughing.李明和丹尼有说有笑地跑开了.I.在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义.例如:a moving film 一部感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们2.在时间上，现在分词表示正在发生的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作.例如：the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家四、现在分
21、词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别常见的感官动词如see,watch,notice,hear,feel等,接不带to 的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;接现在分词作宾补,表示动作正在进行.例如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌.(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了.(“唱”这个动作已经结束)I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼.(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stair
22、s.我看见他上楼了.(“上楼”这个动作己经完成)五、动名词和现在分词的区别1.动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语.(1)动名词用作主语.例如：Reading French is easier than speaking it.阅读法文比讲法语容易.Talking to him is talking to a wall.和他说话等于对牛弹琴.(2)有时it作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面.例如：Its nice seeing you again.再次见到你真是太好了.It was tiring driving from morning till night.从早到晚
23、开车很累人.(3)4There is/was+no”后可以用动名词作主语.例如：There was no knowing what he could do.他能做什么很难说.There was no arguing with her.没法和她争论.2.动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词,现在分词不可以用作宾语.(1)有许多动词可接动名词作宾语.例如：He kept complaining.他不停地抱怨.I finished reading the book last night.这书我昨晚看完了.(2)有许多带介词的动词短语接动名词作宾语.例如：He has given up playing
24、 football.他己经放弃踢足球了.Prices keep on increasing.价格不断上涨.3.当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语.现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况.其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后,也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生.例如：Climbing to the top of the tower,we saw a magnificent view.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象俵时间)Living in the country,we had few social engagements.我们住在
25、乡下，交际的机会很少.（表原因）Having money,he will buy a bigger car.有钱了，他会买一辆更大的车.（表条件）Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失.（表让步）The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果）He stood leaning against the wall.他靠墙站着.（表方式）4.动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词
26、的-in g 的作用相当于名词时为动名词,当动词的.ing的作用相当于形容词时为现在分词.（1）动名词作表语例如：Her hobby is painting.她的爱好是绘画.Her job was tending sheep.她的工作是放羊.The main thing is getting there in time.首要的事是及时到达那里.（2）现在分词作表语.例如：The news is encouraging.这消息令人鼓舞.This story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣.The day was so charming.天气真是好极了.5.动名词与现在分词
27、都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系，通常能改为一个定语从句.动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质、用途或功能，两者逻辑上无主谓关系,因此它只能改为一个for加动名词的短语.（1）现在分词作定语.例如：a running boy 一个奔跑的男孩growing doubts越来越大的怀疑the remaining days 剩下的岁月a shooting star 流星(2)动名词作定语.例如：swimming pool 游泳池waiting room 候车室parking lot 停车场sewing machine 缝纫机operating
28、table 手术台diving suit 潜水衣playing ground 运动场a booming tow n繁荣的城镇the existing condition 现有条件lasting peace持久的和平the rising generation 成长的一代drinking water 饮用水sleeping bag 睡袋writing desk 写字桌writing paper 信纸checking account 活期账户reading room 阅览室washing machine 洗衣机speaking contest 演讲比赛 fishing pole 钓鱼杆6.动名词与现
29、在分词都可以用作补足语，但现在分词一般只用作感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语.例如：She smelt something burning.她闻到有东西烧糊了.I have kept you waiting a long time.我让你久等了.作宾语补足语的分词前有时可以加as.例如：She quoted Lu Xun as saying that.她引用 了鲁迅说的话.（2）现在分词可用作主语补足语，说明主语的状态、动作等.例如：He was again left waiting outside.又让他留在外面等着.（3）而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没有这些规定.例如：I call this
30、 robbing Peter to pay Paul.我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙.（robbing是宾语补语）This is called turning things upside down.这叫做颠倒是非.（turning 是主语补语）核心考点，各个击破考 点 1动词不定式例 1（2022 湖南怀化,4题,1 分）The teacher told Jack off the light when he left the classroom.A.turn B.turning C.to turn【解析】本题考查非谓语动词.句意:老师告诉杰克离开教室时把灯关掉.此处是tell sb.to dosth.
31、“告诉某人做某事”的结构，空处用不定式作宾补.答案:C针对性练习1l.My mother often asks me early.A.get up B.got up C.to get up D.getting up2.My parents always tell me too much meat.It*s not good fbr my health.A.to eat B.eating C.eats D.not to eat3.Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money poor young girls return tosc
32、hool.A.to save B.saving C.helping D.to help考点2 动名词例 2（2021 江苏苏州,7 题分）During our holidays,we should avoid up at night and oversleeping in the morning.A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying【解析】本题考查非谓语动词.句意:在假期里，我们应该避免晚上熬夜和早上睡过头.avoiddoing sth.意为“避免做某事，动词avoid后跟动名词形式.答案:D针对性练习21.-Could you tell me how to
33、improve spoken English?-Well,just take every chance to practice and dont be shy.A.speak B.to speak C.speaking D.spoke2.Thanks to the robots,the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time boringnumbers and information.A.processing B.to process C.processed D.process3.Martin was so busy the old
34、 that he gave up his part-time job.A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help考点3 分词例 3（2020黑龙江绥化,51题,1 分）Eric,your car is so dirty.You should go and get it（wash）.【解析】本题考查非谓语动词.句意:埃里克，你的车太脏了.你应该去把它洗干净.get sth.done意为“使某事被做好”,用动词wash的过去分词作宾语补足语.答案:washed针对性练习31.-Tom,why are you in such a hurry?-Oh,my bike is
35、broken,Im going to have it.A.repairing B.repaired C.to repair2.1 m very and I really need an vacation.A.tired;exciting B.tired;excited C.tiring;exciting D.tiring;excited3.Listen!There must be someone through the jungle.A.trek B.trekked C.trekking D.to trek答案：针对性练习l:l.C 2.D3,D针对性练习2:1.C2.A3.A针对性练习3:1
36、.B 2.A 3.C从模拟演练到实战操作模拟演练1 .（2021 重庆江 匕 区 模）When Im sad,my mother always tries her best me happy.A.make B.made C.to make D.making2.（2021 江苏徐州二模）Be careful,Jack.Its dangerous the phone while driving.A.answer B.to answer C.answering D.answers3.（2021 四川成都模拟）The government advises people to follow the se
37、ven-step hand-washingmethod healthy.A.keep B.to keep C.keeping4.（2021 湖北襄阳一模）-Mary,have you finished the novel?-Oh no,I am too busy it.Mr.Li asked me to hand in my math paper this week.A.reading;reading B.to read;reading C.reading;to read D.to read;to read5.（2021天津河西区二模）-Whats your plan for the summ
38、er holidays?-Ive no idea,but Fve decided at home and have a good rest first.A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying6.（2021上海浦东新区二模）Nowadays,teachers ought to c o n s i d e r more time onteaching research.A.spend B.to spend C.spending D.spent7.（2021 辽宁丹东一模）He failed up to the top of the mountain because
39、he was too tired.A.climbed B.climb C.to climb D.climbing8.（2021内蒙古包头三模）-My eyesight is getting worse these days.Fd like to have myeyes.-Perhaps you should consider the time on the computer.A.checked;reducing B.to check;reducing C.checked;to reduce D.checking;to reduce9.（2021 甘肃兰州二模）Mrs.Li asks us（de
40、velop）the habit of keeping diaries everyweek,10.（2021 湖南永州一模）It is difficult for me（leam）English well.11.（2020海南海 口 模拟）Im sorry to keep you（wait）for so long.答案：l.C 2.B3.B【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法.句意:政府建议人们遵循七步洗手法来保持健康.保持健康是建议遵循七步洗手法的目的,用动词不定式to keep作目的状语.4.C5.B【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法.句意:一暑假你有什么计戈IJ?我不知道，但我决定先待在家里好好
41、休息一下.decide to do sth.决定去做某事.6.C【解析】本题考查动名词的用法.句意:现在，教师应该考虑花更多的时间在教学研究Jl.consider doing slh.考虑做某事，动名词作宾语.7.C8.A【解析】本题考查分词和动名词的用法.句意:一这些天我的视力越来越差了，我想检查一下我的眼睛.一或许你应该考虑减少在电脑上的时间.have sth.done表示“使某物被做”,所以第一空应用过去分词checked作补足语,可排除B、D;consider doing sth.表示“考虑做某事”,所以第二空应用动名词reducing,可排除C.9.to develop 10.to
42、learn 11.waiting真题演练1.（2021湖南岳阳）The sorialit new countryside（社会主义新农村）makes farmers livingc o n d i t i o n s.A.to improve B.improve C.improveing2.（2021 吉林）Mr.White invited me the hill with him last weekend.A.to climb B.climb C.climbing3.（2021 四川成都）It is hard for people to move forward with a strong
43、wind hard.A.blown B.blowing C.to blow4.（2021江苏南京）1 would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve,becauseit allows people closer to them.A.get B.to get C.getting D.got5.（2021 重庆 A 卷）The villagers plan a new bridge over the river.A.build B.building C.to build D.built6.（2021 湖南邵阳）-H
44、ow can I improve my pronunciation,Madam?-Keep on and youll make progress.A.practice B.practicing C.to practice7.（2021广西百色）1 used to at half past six,but now I am getting used to atseven.A.getting up;get up B.get up;getting up C.got up;getting up D.got up;get up8.（2021 湖南永州）When it comes to my birthd
45、ays,I would like to invite my friends（watch）a movie.9.（2021江苏扬州）Jack e nj oys（游泳）and sunbathing with his friends.10.（2021山东泰安）China has passed a law（保护）the Yangize River,which is thelongest river in our country.答案：l.B【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法.句意:社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件.分析句子结构可知，此处是make sb.do sth.的结构，动词make后面接不带to的
46、不定式充当宾语补足语.2.A【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法.句意:上周末怀特先生邀请我和他一起爬山.invitesb.to do slh.邀请某人做某事.3.B【解析】本题考查现在分词的用法.句意:人们很难在强风中前进.with a strong wind blowing表伴随状态.其中,wind和 blow之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式blowing.4.B【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法.句意:我想去卧龙熊猫保护区看看熊猫，因为保护区允许人们近距离靠近它们.allow后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语.5.C【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法.句意:村民们计划在河上修一座新桥.表示“计划、打算 ，其后使用动词不定式作宾语.6.B7.B【解析】本题考查动词不定式和动名词的用法.used to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“过去常常做某事”;get used to doing sth.也是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”.8.to watch【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法.句意:当我的生日到来的时候，我想邀请我的朋友们看电影.invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事,是固定搭配.9.swimming lO.protect