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1、专题七动词和动词短语一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法中考对于动词的考查主要是动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析.解答动词词义辨析类试题，关键是读懂上下文语境，理解词义.要特别注意近、反义词的积累和感官动词的用法.动词短语辨析类试题旨在通过题干或语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语不同搭配的识记以及辨析动词短语含义并能恰当运用动词短语的能力，解答此类试题关键在于熟记各个动词短语的含义.知识突破知 识 点1动词的分类1.根据在句中的功能，动词可分为以下四类2.实义动词的分类分类含义示例实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义,在句中作谓语实义动词数量很多，如play,watch,study,learn 等系动词
2、又叫连系动词，本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语常 见 的 系 动 词 有be,look,become,feel,smell,keep 等助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等结构常见的助动词有will,do,be,have 等情态动词本身有词义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度，大多没有人称和数的变化常 见 的 情 态 动 词 有may,can,must,need,should,would 等实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词，根据后面是否接宾语可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(
3、vi.).(1)及物动词的动作指向某个对象，在句中必须带宾语才能使其意思完整,及物动词有被动语态.例如：We study English.我们学习英语.The window was broken by my brother.窗户被我弟弟打破了.(2)不及物动词的动作不指向任何对象，仅有主语表达动作的执行者就已完整，因此无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态.例如：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起.3.助动词助动词本身无意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，或构成疑问式及否定式.常用的助动词有：(l)be(am,is,are,was,
4、were,been,being),用于构成进行时态和被动语态.例如：My sister is watching TV now.我妹妹正在看电视.The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的.(2)have(has,had),用于构成完成时态.例如:I have studied English for six years.我已经学了 六年英语了.(3)do(does,did),用于构成疑问式和否定式，用于倒装句、加强说话的语气以及代替前面刚出现的动词(避免重复).例如：-Do you live in China?你住在中国吗？-Yes,I do.是的,我住在中国
5、.He didnt go to the park with me.他没有和我一起去公园.Do be quiet!务 必 安 静！Only then did I realize it.直到那时我才意识到这一点.(4)shaH(should)和will(would),用于构成将来时(shall仅用于第一人称,w ill可用于各种人称).例如:Shall we go swimming if it is fine tomorrow?如果明天天气好，我们去游泳好吗？I will move to the new house next year.明年我要搬到新房子去.知 识 点2动词辨析1.常考系动词辨析类
6、别词语含义示例状态系动词be是The boy is very clever.这个男孩很聪明.感官系动词look看起来You look beautiful in the red dress.你穿着这件红色的连衣裙看着很漂亮.feel感觉;摸起来The dress feels soft.这件连衣裙摸起来很柔软.smell闻起来The flowers smell sweet.花儿闻起来很香.sound听起来The music sounds beautiful.音乐听起来很优美.taste尝起来The noodles taste delicious.这面条味道很好.表“变化，的系动词become变 得
7、，成为(天气变 暖 和 或 变 冷等)The weather becomes warm.天气变暖和T.2.常考易混动词辨析get变得（天变黑、变长或变短）The days get longer in spring.春天白天变长.turn变得（多指颜色）The leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄.go变（多指由好变坏的变化）The food has gone bad.食物已经变质 了.grow变（表示“逐渐变得”，常需要经历一 个 过 程，慢慢地变化.通常用来表示身高、岁数、经验的改变）Man will grow old.人是会变老的.She has grow
8、n much taller.她长高了很多.持续系动词Keep stayremain保持Ifs important to keep healthy,保持健康很重要.表“像，似 乎”的系动词seem似乎，好像He seems very happy.他似乎很开心.类别词语含义及用法示例两个“听”listen to“听”,listen是不及物动词，强调听的动作，与t。构成固定搭配，表示“听”My father likes listening to the radio.我父亲喜欢听收音机.hear“听到，听见“，强调听的结果She heard footsteps behind her.她听到背后有脚步声
9、.三 个“参加“join“参加，加入”,一般指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，并成为 其 成 员 之 一，后面可跟人（join sh.）,也可跟介词inMy brother joined the army last year.我哥哥去年参军了.You can join us in playing football.你可以和我们一起踢足球.takepart in“参加”,指参加聚会或群众性的活动I took part in the sports meeting lastweek.我上周参加了运动会.attend“出席;参加”,一 般 指 出席会议、庆典等Mr.Li will attend an im
10、portantmeeting next week.李先生下周将参加一个重要的会议.三个“找”look for“寻找”,强调找的过程Li Ming is looking for his pen.李明正在找他的钢笔.find“找到，发现”,强调找的结果I found that book you were looking for.我找到了你正在寻找的那本书.find out“找出，查明”,强调弄清楚、弄明白事情的真相The man wanted to find out who hadbroken the window.那个人想找出是谁打破了窗户.三个“穿，wear“穿 着，戴 着”，表 示 状 态，
11、宾语通 常 是 服 装、鞋 帽、饰 物、奖章等My sister wears a new skirt today.我妹妹今天穿着一件新短裙.put on“穿 上，戴 上”，表 示 动 作 滨 语通常是衣服、鞋帽.宾语若是代词，必须放在短语中间Its cold outside.Please put on yourcoat.外面很冷,请穿上外套.dress“给 穿衣 ，宾语通常是人.dress sb.给某人穿衣服;dresssb.up装扮某人She dressed the children in their bestclothes.她给孩子们穿上了最漂亮的衣服.三 个“到达“reach“到达”,后
12、面直接跟地点He did not stop until he reached thedoor.他走到门边才停下.get“到达”，和t o构成固定搭配，后面跟地点名词She rushed to get to the post officebefore it closed.她赶在邮局关门之前到达了那里.arrive“到达,arrive i n后跟表示大地点的名词,arrive a t后跟表示小地点的名词Shell arrive in New York at noon.她将在正午抵达纽约.三个,借,，borrow“借 人”,是 短 暂 性 动 词，常用搭配 borrow sth.from sb./s
13、w.,意为“从 某 人/某地借某物”We often borrow books from ourschool library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书.lend“借出”,是短暂性动词，常用搭 配 lend sh.sth.=lend sth.to sb.借给某人某物Can you lend me your bike?=Can youlend your bike to me?你能把自行车借给我吗？keep“保 持，保 留”,表 示 长 时 间 的借，是延续性动词How long can I keep the book?这本书我能借多长时间？四个“看”look“看”,强调看的动作，后面需加介词才能跟
14、宾语Look!There are some beautiful birdsin the tree.看！树上有一些美丽的鸟.see“看至山看见 ，强 调 看 的 结 果，常用于“看 电 影、看病 等，也可 表 示“理 解，明 白”.see sb.doing sth.看到某人正在做某事;see sb.do sth.看到某人做了某事I saw Li Ming reading books when Icame into the classroom.当 我 走 进 教 室 时，我看见李明正在看书.watch“观 看，注 视”,强 调 聚 精 会 神地 看，有 欣赏的意思,常用于“看电视、比赛”等Next
15、 time you visit the zoo,watch thetigers carefully.下次 你 们 参 观 动 物 园 时，要仔细观察老虎.read“读”，表 示“阅读”，常用于“读书，看报纸、杂志 等Have you read her new novel?你看过她新出的小说了吗？四个“拿,，bring“带来，拿来”，表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”Dont forget to bring your home-work.别忘了带你的作业.take“带 走，拿 去”，表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”,与bring表示的方向相反Could you take it to the class-r
16、oom?你能把它拿到教室里去吗？carry“搬运;提，拿 ，多指用力移动，没有方向He is carrying a big basket of food.他正提着一大篮子食物.get/fetch“去取，去拿”,表示“往返拿东西，Could you get/fetch me my bag?你能帮我去取我的包吗？四个“说”speak“说，说 话”，强 调 说 话 的 能 力和 方 式，不 强 调 内 容，后面可以加语 言，如speak English说英语;常用搭配有speak to sb.跟某人讲话Hello,may I speak to Mary?你好，我可以和玛丽通电话吗？say“说”，侧
17、重 说 话 的 内 容，常用She said Good Moming to the搭 配 有:saythanks/sorry/goodbye to sb对某人说 谢 谢/抱 歉/再 见teacher.她向老师说了声“早上好talk“谈 话”,强 调 与 某 人 交 谈，常用搭配有:talk to/with sh.和某人交谈;talk about sth.谈论某事I like talking with my father abouteverything.我喜欢和我父亲谈论所有事.tell“告 诉;讲 述”,强 调 讲 给 别 人听，常用搭配有:tellsb.sth.=tell sth.To sh
18、.告诉某人某事;tell sh.(not)to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事Parents often tell their children not toplay on the road.父 母 经 常 告 诉 他 们 的 孩 子 不 要 在 马路上玩耍.四 个“花费”cost“花 费”,物 作 主 语，常 用结构为：sth.cost(s)(sb.)some money 表示“某物花费(某人)多少钱”The dress cost me 50 dollars.这件连衣裙花了我50美元.spend 花费 ，人 作 主 语，常用结构为：sb.spend(s)some time/moneyo
19、n sth.表示“某人在某物上花费 多 少 时 间 或 金 钱”;sb.spend(s)some time/money(in)doing sth.表 示“某人花费多少时间或金钱做某事”She spent 100 yuan on a new dress.=She spent 100 yuan(in)buying thenew dress.她 花100元买了这条新连衣裙.take“花费”,常 用it作形式主语，其结构为:It+takes(+sb.)+sometime+to do sth.表 示“做某事花费(某人)多少时间”It took me two hours to do myhomework
20、yesterday.昨天做作业花了我两小时.pay“支 付，付 钱”，人 作 主 语，常用结构为:sb.pay(s)(somemoney)forsth.某人(为某物)支付多少钱He paid 15 yuan for the book.他花了 15元买这本书.两对“输、赢”lose“失 去，丢 失;输”，后 接 事 物(game/match/prize/war.),表Tom lost to Mike in yesterdays match.在昨天的比赛中汤姆输给了迈克.3.常考动词短语辨析示输 了 游 戏/比 赛/奖 项/战争等;lose to sb.表示“输给某人”fail“失败，未做成某事”
21、，常用搭配有:fail i n 在 方面失败；常用句型有:fail to do sth.未能做成某事He failed in business.他经商失败了.He failed to get a job in the bigcompany.他没有在那个大公司获得工作.beat“打败”，后面接人或某支队伍Jack beat John to win the game.杰克击败约翰赢得了比赛.win“赢”，后接事物（game/match/prize/war.）,表示赢 了游戏/比赛/奖项/战争等They are sure to win this basketballmatch.他们肯定能打赢这场篮球
22、赛.（1）同一动词型.短语示例come短语come o n 碰 上 快 点 儿 come o u t出现;出版come over顺便来访come along出现;进展come up w ith提出，想 出 come back回 来 come u p 出 现 come down流传下来come in进来come across（偶然）遇见（或发现）come true（希望、梦想等）实现cut短语cut down削减;砍倒cut up切 碎 cut in插 嘴 cut into插嘴 打 断 cut out删去;停止cut off切断;停止keep短语keep o n 继续下去keep o u t留在
23、外面keep away（使）不 靠 近 keep in 留在里面keep off使不接近keep up w ith跟 上 keep in touch with和.保持联系look短语look at#look after 照顾;照料 look into 调查，观察 look out 当心，留神 look up查阅渣找 look for 寻找 look around 环顾 look over 把.看一遍 look through浏览 look back 回顾 look up to 尊敬;钦佩 look forward to 盼望 look out for 留心 守 候 look lik e看起来像
24、put短语put up举起;搭建;张贴put down写下;放下put back把 放回原处put into流入;驶入put aw ay放 好 put o n 穿上;上演;增加put o u t熄 灭 put o ff推 迟 put（2）同一介词/副词型.through接通（电话）turn短语turn over翻身;（使）翻 转 turn out结果证明是turn on打开（电灯等）turn off关（电灯等）turn away把 拒之门外turn up开大;调高turn down调低,关小;拒绝turn in拐弯进人turn to 求 助 于 turn around（使）转身g e t短语g
25、el up起 床 gel on上车（船、飞机等）gel off下车（船、飞机等）get down下 来 getinto进入;陷入get to 到 达 get back回来go短语go on继 续 go away走开;离开;消失go ahead前进go along向前行进go by（时间）流 逝 go over复习;仔细检查go off爆炸;（警报等）响 起 go down下去go up上升;增长g o o u l出 去 go through通 过 go back返回give短语give up放 弃 give in屈服;让步give away捐赠;泄露give out散发，分 发 give ov
26、er将.交 出 give back归还;恢复take短语take u p 占用;开始从事take down录下;记下take away带走;拿走take off起飞；脱 掉 take over接收;接管take in 吸收;陪同takeout拿出;除去;扣除take care of照顾 take place 举行;发生 take pride in 以.为傲 take part in 参加 takeafter（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相 像 take the place o f 代替短语示例for短语ask fo r请 求 care for关心;关怀leave fo r动 身 去 loo
27、k for寻 找 pay for为.付钱 prepare for为.做 准 备 search for搜寻;寻找send fo r派人去请stand for代表;象征wait fo r等 待 thanks for因.而感谢up短语add up加起来;合计bring up提出;养育，培 养 cheer up使 振 奋 clean up清理;打扫cut up切 碎 call up打 电 话 dress up穿上盛装;装扮eat up吃 光 end up结 束 fixup修理;修补get up起 床 give up放 弃 grow up成长;长大hurry u p 赶快out短语blow o u t吹
28、 灭 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生;爆发bring out使显现;使变得明 显 carry o u t执行;贯彻come out出现;出版cut out切断;停止find out查明；发 现 give out分 发 go o u t出去down短语break down停止运转;出故障calm down平静下来cut down削减;砍倒die down变弱;枝叶枯萎fall down漂流而下knock down拆除;撞倒;击倒lie down躺下pull down拆掉;推翻put dow n放 下 sit down坐 下 shut dow n关闭;停下turndow n调 低 wr
29、ite down写下，记下away 短语blow aw ay驱 散 get aw ay离开;逃脱give away赠送;泄露pass away去 世 putaw ay放好run aw ay逃 跑 take away带走;拿走throw aw ay扔掉about短语argue about 争论 bring about 带来;造成 care about 关心;在意 hear about 听说hang about 闲荡 talk about 谈论 think about 考虑 worry about 担心a t短语aim at 瞄准;旨在 laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看 knock at
30、 敲 point at 指向 smile at冲.微 笑 shout at对.大 喊 throw.at把.对准.off短语cut off切断;停止drop off掉下;下降fall off减少;跌落get off下车go off爆炸；发出巨响pay off偿清（欠款等）pul o ff推 迟 send off发送;邮寄set off动身;起程take off起飞;脱掉turn off关掉on短语agree o n 就 达成共识come o n 碰上;快点儿depend o n 依靠;依赖feed on以.为 食 focus on集 中 于 hold on别挂电话;坚持get on上车（船、飞机
31、等）keepon 继续前行pass on传 递 put on穿上;上演;增加try on试穿tum o n 打 开 workon 从事于;继续工作with短语agree with 同意 begin with 以.开始 compare with 与 相比 connect with与.相 连 catch up w ith追上;赶上come up w ith提出;想出deal with解决;处理 go with 与.协调 keep up with 赶上 part with 向.告别 stay/keep in touchwith与 保持联系share with与 分 享 talk with和 交谈in
32、短语break i n 非法强行闯人;插话bring in 引 入 cheek in报到;登记fill in填 写 givein 让步;屈服hand in 上 交 take in 吸收;收入take pride in对.感到自豪核心考点，各个击破考 点 1动词辨析例 1（2022.安徽,21题,1 分）-You can between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.-I consider going to the chess club,for I like playing chess better.A.decide B
33、.guess C.hide D.wait【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:-你可以在参加舞蹈俱乐部和象棋俱乐部之间做决定我考虑参加象棋俱乐部,因为我更喜欢下象棋decide决定;guess猜测;hide隐蔽;wait等待.根据句意应选decide.答案:A针对性练习11 .Fresh food is good tor you.But you have to it first because sometimes it is a littledirty.A.taste B.smell C.wash D.plant2.Lao Shes Teahouse the changes in Chinese s
34、ociety over fifty years.A.describes B.improves C.prepares D.corrects3.I ve the math exam twice.Can you give me a hand?A.failed B.changed C.succeeded D.covered考点2 动词短语辨析例 2（2022河北,34题分）-Mi c h a e l,t h i s shirt.-Oh,it looks nice on me!A.try on B.put down C.take off D.throw away【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:迈克尔
35、,试穿这件衬衫.哦，我穿起来很好看！try on试穿;put down放下；take off脱掉;throw away扔掉.根据“Oh,it looks nice on me!”可知，穿在身上很好看，所以应该指的是试穿一下这件衬衫.答案:A针对性练习21 .Life is a journey with trouble,but with care and wisdom you can any problem youface.A.work out B.hand out C.find out D.put out2.As t i me,youH come to think of English as
36、your friend and love it.A.goes by B.runs out C.takes off D.turns up3.-Dont late,Mary.You have a singing competition tomoiTow morning.-OK,Dad,Ill go to bed right now.A.dress up B.grow up C.stay up D.mix up答案：针对性练习1:1.C 2.A 3.A针对性练习2:1.A 2.A 3.C从模拟演练到实战操作模拟演练1.（2021山西吕梁二模）Parents should let children h
37、ome and find more about the world.After all,birds should fly freely in the sky!A.leave B.enter C.reach2.（2021 黑龙江哈尔滨一模）-Would you like me to tomorrows train for you?-No,thanks.We*ve changed our trip plan.A.book B.afford C.examine3.（2021 河北唐山一模）Its windy o u t s i d e.y o u r jacket,Alice.Dont catch
38、a cold.A.Try on B.Show off C.Take off D.Puit on4.（2021 江西宜春 模）-Why have you read the poem so many times?-Because it me of my happy junior high school days.A.cheats B.reminds C.provides D.discovers5.（2021 广西柳州三模）Please the paper.Dont keep it on the floor.A.pick up B.get up C.look up6.（2021 湖南召B 阳二模）W
39、e can the TV.Nobody is watching it.A.turn off B.turn onC.turn down7.（2021 福建福州模拟）-What did you do on World Water Day this year?-We signs to ask people to save water.A.put away B.put up C.put off8.（2021辽宁沈阳二模）Is this your necklace,Mary?I it when I was cleaning thebathroom this morning.A.came across B
40、.dealt with C.looked after D.went for9.（2021 山东济南模拟）-These problems are too hard to.Could you give me someadvice?-There are many ways.The most important one is to have a careful plan.A.look out B.hand out C.work out D.take out10.（2021 黑龙江大庆一模）On 21st May,2020,quite a few flights from Haikou didrfl o
41、ntime because of the heavy storm.A.put off B.take off C.come out D.get through11.（2021 河北保定一模）1 got up early this morning to my grandma at the airport.A.pick up B.put up C.turn up D.look up答案：l.A2.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.book预订（座位）;afford买得起;examine检查.根据“train”和“tripplan”可知，此处表示“预订火车座位”.3.D【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:外
42、面在刮风，穿上你的夹克，艾丽斯.别感冒try on试穿;show off 炫耀;take off 脱下;put on 穿上.根据Its windy outside.”和“Dont catch a cold.可知，为了不因受凉而感冒,此句应建议艾丽斯要把夹克穿上.4.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:一你为什么把这首诗读了那么多遍?一因为它让我想起了我快乐的初中时光.cheats欺骗;reminds提醒，使想起;provides提供;discovers发现.remind sb.of sth.短语，意为“使某人想起某事”.5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.CI0.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.
43、句意:2020年 5 月 2 1 日，海口多架航班因暴风雨未能准时起飞.put off 推迟;take off 起飞;come out 出版;get through 通过.根据“because of the heavystorm”可知航班因为暴风雨而未能准时起飞，应用take off.ll.A真题演练1.（2021 山东荷泽）-Is anything worth seeing in Xian?-Yes.Dont the amazing Terracotta Army.A.offer B.miss C.share2.（2021 黑龙江龙东）It Zhang Guimei many years t
44、o help about 1,800 girl students inpoor areas realize their college dreams.A.took B.spent C.cost3.（2021 江苏盐城）Alice often the fun of doing DIY with us.She is so creative!A.shares B.provides C.makes D.gives4.（2021 湖北襄阳）-Why does our chemistry teacher often her?-Because she gets full marks in chemistry
45、 every time.A.praise B.forget C.control D.hurt5.（2021 福 建）-1 havent your phone number yet.Could you say it again?-Certainly.Ifs 8250-2336.A.put up B.written down C.thrown away6.（2021 湖南岳阳）Its impolite to anyone with your chopsticks.A.look at B.point at C.arrive at7.（2021 湖北武汉）The official newspaper
46、the news of Tiangong-1,for it took a big stepforward into space.A.heard B.checked C.believed D.celebrated8.（2021 安徽）We should the friendship that we have developed in the past years.A.value B.change C.make D.win9.（2021 江西）These beautiful animals are endangered.We must them.A.save B.show C.stop D.cat
47、ch10.（2021 海南）-What are you going to be when you?-I want to be a doctor like Wu Mengchao.A.grow up B.turn up C.get up11.（2021 湖北襄阳）-Jim,please help me the tent.-OK.Fm coming.Its exciting to sleep in it tonight.A.get on B.get off C.pull down D.put up12.（2021 江苏连云港）Wait politely,please.Dont on others.
48、A.cut in B.cut down C.cut out D.cut short13.（2021 贵州黔东南）Our government is looking for some ways,including the 3-child policy（政策）to the problem of ageing population（人 口老龄化）.A.agree with B.start with C.compare with D.deal with14.（2021 山东临沂）The minute the alarm cl ock,I got up and took a quick shower.A
49、.went by B.went out C.went off15.（2021 江苏南通）-Honey,could you help me the picture of colorful balloons from thepaper?-OK,Mom.Im coming!A.cut out B.carry out C.turn out D.work out答案：l.B【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:一西安有值得一看的东西吗?一有,不要错过神奇的兵马俑.offer提议;miss错过;share分享.根据答语中的“Yes”,推断后句句意为“不要错过神奇的兵马俑2.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:张桂
50、梅多年来在贫困地区帮助了大约1800名女生实现了她们的大学梦.句式结构:It takes sb.some time to do sth.3.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.句意:艾丽斯经常和我们分享DIY的乐趣，她相当有创造力！share分享;provide提供;make制造;give给.空格后的“fun”提示和动词share构成动宾短语，“分享乐趣”符合句意.4.A【解析】本题考查动词辨析.praise表扬;forget忘记;control控制;hurt伤害.根据下文语境提示“she gets full marks”可判断，老师经常表扬她.5.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析.句意:一我还没有记下