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1、专 题 四 数 词一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法数词是表示数目多少和顺序先后的词,分为基数词和序数词.中考对数词的考查重点是基数词与序数词的运用及区别.解答此类试题首先应判断用基数词还是序数词,另外还需掌握基数词变序数词的规则及各自的用法.知识突破知识点1基数词一、定义:基数词是表示人或事物数量多少的词.二、用法数字构成示例1-12独立的单词,无规律可循one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13-19多数是在基数词后加-teen,但应特别注意 13,15和 18的拼法13 thirteen,15 fiftee
2、n,18 eighteen20-90这一区间的整十数均是以-ty结尾,但要注意20、30、40、50、80的拼法20 twenty,30 thirty,40 forty,50 fifty,80eighty21-99这一区间的非整十数由十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成21 twenty-one,35 thirty-five,88eighty-eight101-999由百位数之后加and,再加十位或者个位构成102 one hundred and two,428 four hundred and twenty-eight1000 以上从右向左用分节号分节,每三个数字为 一 个 节 倒 数 第 一 个
3、 分 节 号 前 用thousand(千),倒数第二个分节号前用million(百万),倒数第三个分节号前用billion(十亿)5,326,000,000 five billion,three hundredand twenty-six million基本用法示例从句子成分上分析,基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等About twenty know the secret.约二十个人知道这个秘密.(主语)I want two.我想要两个.(宾语)My classmate is ten.我的同班同学十岁了.(表语)We have six subjects this term.这学期我们有
4、六门课.(定语)表示数量Tom has five apples.汤姆有五个苹果.表示编号基数词放在名词后面Lesson One=the first lesson 第一课No.+基数词Bus No.6 6路公交车表示时间表 示 整 点 用 基 数 词 加oclock,oclock可省略Its two oclock.现在是两点钟.表示几点几分,与汉语顺序相同four twenty-five4 点 25 分如果分钟数小于或等于30,在分钟后 加past,再加小时,表示几点过儿分twenty past five 5:20(五点过二十分钟),half past eight 八点半如果分钟数大于30,要
5、用to来表示差几分到几点five to six 5:55(差五分钟到六点)表示年代、年份的阿拉伯数字后加S1830s=the eighteen thirties 19 世纪 30 年代表 示 长、宽、高 等,用“基 数 词+单 位 词(meter/foot/inch 等)+形容词(long/wide/high 等)”结 构,或 者 用“基 数 词+单 位 词+in+名词(length/width/height/weight 等)”结构two meters long=two meters in length2米长four feet high=fbur feet in height 4 英尺高表示
6、不确切的岁数时,常 用in+one,s+几十的复数形式in his forties在 他4 0多岁时表示时间、距离时,用含有基数词的单位名词的所有格形式作定语five minutes*w alk步行五分钟(的路程)three kilometers,distance 三千米的距离“基数词+名词(+形容词)”复合结构作定语时.,其中名词用单数形式,各部分间需用连字符”,来连接a fifteen-year-old boy 一个 15 岁的男孩表示倍数,两倍用twice,三或三以上的倍数用基数词+times.常用来表示“倍数”的结构有:倍数+size/weight/height/depth/width
7、/length/age of.;倍 数 +比 级 +than.;an.;n(+as.as.My house is three times the size of theirs.我的房子是他们的三倍大.I am twice older than you.我的年龄是你的两倍.This factory is four times as big as that one.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍大.“another+基 数 词+可 数 名 词 或“基 数 词+more+可数名词”,表示在已有的基础上再增加一定的数量My father will stay in Shanghai for anothertw
8、o weeks.=My father will stay inShanghai for two more weeks.我爸爸将在上海再待两周.知识点2 序数词hundred/thousand/million/billion 前用基数词时,这些词词尾不加“S”,表示确切的数字;表示数量不准确时,这些词词尾加“S”,并与o f连用two hundred 两百,ten thousand 一万,hundreds of 数百,thousands of 成千上万,millions of 数百万一、定义:序数词是表示事物先后顺序的词,其前常加定冠词the.二、用法序数词的基本用法:数字变化规则示例1-3不规
9、则变化first 第一,second 第二,third 第4-19基数词加-th 构成,但其中第五、第八、第九和第十二拼写不规则fifth 第 五,eighth 第八,ninth第九,twelfth第十二20-90整十数基数词变y 为 ie,再加上-th构成twentieth 第二十,thirtieth 第三十,fortieth 第 四 十,fiftieth 第五十,sixtieth 第 六十,seventieth 第七十,eightieth 第 八十,ninetieth 第九十21-99非整十数个位数上采用序数词形式,十位上的数字均用基数词表示(整 百 整 千 只 需 在 hundred,t
10、housand 之后加-th)forty-seventh 第 四 十七,sixty-fifth第 六 十 五(onehundredth 第一百)知识点3 分数和百分数基本用法示例“the+序数词”表示顺序,但如果序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,the要省略the first day 第一天my second book我的第二本书表示日期on October 25th S 10 月 25 日表示编号the fifth picture=Picture Five 第五幅画a/an+序数词表示“又一,再一”I will try a second time.我将再试一次.一、分数和百分数
11、的表达法1.分数的表达法:分数在英语中通常是借助基数词和序数词来共同表达的.分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,分母要在序数词后面加s.例如:one third 三分之一 two fifths 五分之二2.百分数的表达法:百分数是用基数词+percent表示.例如:6%six percent 58%-fifty-eight percent二、分数和百分数的用法分数和百分数的用法:分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词作主语,而用“分数/百分数+of+限定词+名词”的形式,作主语时,谓+of+限语动词的单复数要与o f 后面的名词保持一致.例如:Two thirds of the stude
12、nts are boys.三分之二的学生是男生.Twenty percent of the water was spilled.百分之二十的水被洒了.核心考点,各个击破考 点 1基数词例 1(2020四川内江,22题,0.5分)Our hometown is becoming more and more b e a u t i f u l.v i s i t o r s come here on weekends.A.Hundred B.Hundreds C.Hundred of D.Hundreds of【解析】本题考查基数词的用法.句意:我们的家乡越来越美丽凋末会有数百名游客来到这里.根据
13、提示词“百”可知,英文表达是hundred,与 o f连用时,变为复数形式,hundreds o f 数百 ”,是固定搭配.答案:D针对性练习1l.In February 2018,there are only days.A.twenty eight B.twenty eighth C.twenty-eight D.twenty-eighth2.-Which class won the match in the end?-Im not quite sure.Perhaps did.A.Class Third B.Third Class C.Class Three D.Three Class3.
14、There are people in the supermarket.It*s so crowded.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of考点2 序数词例 2(2022.贵州铜仁,28题,1 分)-I have been to Mount Fanjing three times.What about you?-I have been there three times,too.And I would like to visit it a time.A.threeB.thirdC.fourD.fourth【解析】本题考查序数词的用法.句
15、意:-我去过梵净山三次.你呢?-我也去过那里三次.我想再去看一次.three三,基数词;third第三,序数词;four四,基数词;序数词+fourth第四,序数词.“a+序数词+time”表示第几次;根据句意“已经去过三次,想去第四次”可知,应 用 序 数 词 fourth.答案:D针对性练习21.-Where does your English teacher live?-He lives on floor of that red building.A.five B.fifth C.the fifth D.the five2.This is my time to play the pian
16、o at our school.A.second B.two C.seconds D.the two3.There are months in a year and December is the month of the year.A.twelve;twelve B.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth;twelve D.twelfth;twelfth考点3 分数和百分数例 3(2021黑龙江龙东,9题,1 分)of the land is covered with forests.A.Three quarter B.Three quarters C.Third quarters
17、【解析】本题考查分数表达.句意:四分之三的陆地被森林覆盖.“四分之三”的英语表达方式为:three fourths 或 three quarters.答案:B例 4(2021 四川凉山,30题分)There are 50 students in Class 1;They went to different places on Childrens Day(each studentonly went to one place).According to the c h a r t,s t u d e n t s went to Qionghai WetlandPark.Lushan Mountai
18、nLuoji MountainQionghai WetlandParkThe Moon Lake Park30%40%?10%A.fifteen B.twenty C.five D.ten【解析】本题考查百分数的计算.句意:一班有50 个学生,他们在儿童节去了不同的地方(每个学生只去了一个地方).根据图表,有十名学生去了邛海湿地公园.图表信息分析如下:庐山是30%,15人;螺髻山是40%,20人;月亮湖公园是10%,5人.根据表格,还 有 20%的学生去了邛海湿地公园,20%x50=10(人).答案:D针对性练习3l.In our cl as s,of the students are gir
19、ls.A.third fourth B.one third C.four fifth D.two third2.Nearly of the earth covered by sea.A.three fourth;is B.three fourths;is C.three fourth;are D.three fourths;are3.-We have sixty students in our cl as s.of them are boys.Do you know how many girlsare there?-There are twenty girls.A.One third B.Tw
20、o thirds C.One quarter D.A half答案:针对性练习1:1.C2.C3.D针对性练习2:1.C 2.A 3.B针对性练习3:1.B 2.B 3.B从模拟演练到实战操作模拟演练1.(2021江苏盐城一模)visitors came to take photos of the flowers during thevacation.A.Five thousands B.Five thousand of C.Thousand of D.Thousands of2.(2021辽宁丹东一模)Teachers Day is on day of September.A.tenth B
21、.ten C.the tenth D.the ten3.(2021 黑龙江大庆一模)-Mo m,o f my classmates glasses.-Oh,my God.You need to protect your eyes well.A.three fourths;B.three fourth;wear C.three fourth;wears D.three fourths;wearwears4.(2021湖北黄石模拟)There are about students in our grade.A.five hundred B.five hundreds C.five hundreds
22、 of D.hundreds of5.(2021 甘肃平凉三模)My grandparents live in an old apartment with floors and theylive on the floor.A.five;five B.five;fifth C.fifth;fifth D.fifth;five6.(2021 山东,宾州模拟)The old man keeps cows(奶牛)on his farm.A.hundred B.hundred of C.hundreds D.hundreds of7.(2021上海闵行区二模)The popular hotpot res
23、taurant is on the(four)floor of themall.8.(2021 浙江杭州一模)Eric is eleven years old now and hell have his t birthday nextMonday.9.(2021 西藏日喀则二模)This is our(two)chance.Come on.10.(2021 江苏盐城一模)To our joy,she is in her(ninety).11.(2021 吉林长春二模)This is Mar y s(two)visit to Changchun.Its really changed alot.1
24、2.(2021 浙江杭州一模)September is the n month of a year.答案:l.D 2.C3.D【解析】本题考查分数的用法及主谓一致.分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用复数形式,three fourths四分之三;根据“classmates”可知谓语动词用复数形式.4.A【解析】本题考查基数词的用法.hundred与具体数字连用时,其后不能加s,排除B、C 选项;hundreds o f表示概数,不能与about搭配使用.5.B 6.D7.fourth 8.welfth 9.secondlO.nineties【解析】本题考查在某人几十多岁时的表达
25、方式.句意:令我们高兴的是,她已经九十多岁 inone,s+整十的基数词复数”表 示“在某人几十多岁时”,此处用ninety的复数nineties.11 .second 12.inth真题演练1.(2021广西梧州)This Saturday is my birthday.A.fourteen B.fourteenth C.forty D.the fortieth2.(2022辽宁朝阳)-It is Moms birthday next Wednesday.What should we do?-What about buying her flowers to show our love?A.f
26、orty;forty B.forty;fortieth C.fortieth;forty D.fortieth;fortieth3.(2021 辽宁营口)He got birthday cakes on his birthday.A.second;fifteen B.two;fifteen C.second;fifteenth D.two;fifteenth4.(2020 湖北黄石)There are about eight hundred students in the s c h o o l.o f them areboys.A.Three fifth B.Third fifth C.Th
27、ird five D.Three fifths5.(2020山东东营)We asked 200 students in our school about whether they wanted a youngerbrother or sister.Here are the results.It shows that percent of them dont want to haveone.This is a big problem.2()o8060402n()o8060402doA.10 B.40 C.50 D.806.(2020湖北荆州)-Whal did the teacher say?-
28、He told us to go over lessons.A.three first B.first three C.the three first D.the first three7.(2021 河北)This is the(eight)time we beat them.8.(2021-llj 东临沂)Our classroom used to be on the(four)floor of that building.答案:l.B【解析】本题考查序数词的用法.句意:这个周六是我的第十四个生日.根据句意推知应用序数词,当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,其前不再用定冠词修饰
29、.2.C【解析】本题考查基数词和序数词的用法.句意:一下周三是妈妈四十岁生日.我们该怎么办?一给她买四十朵花来表达我们的爱怎么样?第一空是指生日,应用序数词;第二空是表示40朵花,应用基数词.3.D【解析】本题考查基数词和序数词的用法.句意:他15岁生日时得到了两个生日蛋糕.second第二,序数词;two二,基数词;fifteen十五,基数词;fifteenth第十五,序数词.根据句意,第一空表示数量,应用基数词,排除A、C 项;第二空表示顺序,应用序数词,排除B 项.4.D【解析】本题考查分数表达.句意:这所学校大约有800名学生,其中五分之三是男孩.英语中分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词.
30、若分子大于一,则分母用其复数形式.故五分之三应表示为 three fifths.5.B【解析】本题考查百分数的计算.句意:我们询问了学校200个学生是否想要弟弟或妹妹,以下图表是结果.结果显示,40%的人不想要,这是个大问题.结合图表可知,80个人不想要,20个人不介意,100个人想要.80+200=40%.由此可知,有 40%的人不想要弟弟或妹妹.6.D【解析】本题考查序数词的用法.句意:一老师说了什么?一他让我们复习前三节课.“定冠词the+序数词first”表顺序,即 起初的,最先的”,修饰名词three lessons,即the first three lessons前三节课.7.eighth 8.fourth