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1、大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解阅读理解（一）Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years一and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, whic
2、h so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times一are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new
3、 method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-ca
4、lled historical accidents一to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while
5、the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, b
6、y synthesis and analysis,14. A. attracts B.leads C.pulls D.pushes15. A. same B. other C. opposite D. wrong16. A. that B. when C. if D. although17. A. states B.proves C. follows D. breaks18. A. described B. discussed C.considered D. made19. A. like B. as C. with D. for20. A. no B. an C. another D. th
7、eCloze三、翻译1 .电影开演半小时了。汉译英：2 .同学们花了几天时间完成了这项工作。汉译英：.3 .感谢告诉我这么多有关西方礼节的事情。汉译英：4 .你能告诉我哪里有好的地方吃饭吗？汉译英：5 .他明年将开始在中国教英语。汉译英：参考答案：一、阅读理解：阅读理解（一）答案祥解1. D.科学研究/探索的方法。文章一开始就提出问题，为什么从希腊文化顶峰时期 后两千年来归纳法和数学科学发展如此缓慢,而后的两百年又超越了前人，是应用新, 旧方法关系还是其它（见难句译注1, 2） o第二段讲埃及古代在科学探索中运用了 演绎推理法，而现在应用了归纳法。这种解释太狭隘，经仔细审核，难以很清晰地点 明
8、古代和现代科学教义和探究上明显的差别。因为一切知识都基于观察，通过分析, 综合，或综合分析，归纳演绎推理，有可能的话，经过校正或经由演绎指导下再观察 而向前推进。第三段进一步阐明不用这些方法观察，实验；忽略相关事实，推理不慎； 不能答出理论的结论，再用实验或观察来检验等或用得不全，不论在古代还是现代都 会失败。但这不能说明为什么现代科学具有较高的功效，通过什么方式方法，超越了 前人，更不用说说明最近科学突飞猛进的原因。第四，五段涉及事实和理论的关系。I!A.数学的哲学，文内没有提。B.近来科学的发展。C.事实的验证，只是最后两段提及验证方法之作用。2. B.是上天的安排，这是作家在用方法论等失
9、败后得出的结论。见难句译注4, 第一段最后一句话。”A.两个阶段的相似性。.两者都试图应用归纳法。D.由于演绎法的衰落。3. A.后者需要证实。答案在第四，五段，死段试图在事实的对立面和理论，或事 实和思想中发现上述现象的解释看起来有饿太狭隘，也会因模糊不清遭批评。因为, 对立面不全面，事实和理论不是同类的事物。理论，如果是真正的理论，就是事实一 一种特殊类别的事实，一般复杂，但仍是事实。而事实，从词的狭义来说，如果很 复杂，如果各成分中存在着逻辑的联系，就具有理论的一切主要特征。第五段第二句， 事实是一个提议，通过运用知识的源泉和经验而证实的提议直接而又简单。而理论, 若是真理论，就有事实的
10、一切特性（除非其证实只能通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式方法），把理论转成事实必须用简单的核实，理论因此具有事实的一切特性。”B.前者简单。C.是现代科学家和古希腊的差异。D.帮助我们了解演绎法，三项都不对。4. C.是推理演绎科学，这个问题常识就能回答。”A.归纳法科学。B.需要简单证实。D.基于事实和理论。5. B.是一个悖论，见第四，五段注释。”A.比喻。 C.对归纳法和演绎法的赞扬。D.双关语。阅读理解（二）答案：DCDAD阅读理解（三）答案：BADA二、完型填空：完型填空（一）1 .【答案】C本句的意思是：“成功或失败在很大程度上取决于你是否能扬长避短。” improvement改进
11、；victory胜利；achievement成果，成就。这三个词都不合题意， 只有C. failure 失败”最合适。2 .【答案】A to a great extent是固定短语，意思是“很大程度上”，符合题意。 类似的说法还有： to a large extent, to some extent, to an extent, to a certain extent, to that extent, to the extent of 0 the, some, certain 者B不能与 great extent 搭配。3 .【答案】B on与前面的depend构成本句谓语。4 .【答案】B
12、of与名词连用，表示具有某种性质，状态，做表语。置于句首，表示强 调。正常语序 为：Your attitude is of the utmost importance.6 .【答案】C本句的意思是“如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定 不适应这项 工作，那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。”。丫后面省略了主语he。 ensure保证；certain肯定的（只能用于It做主语的句子里）；surely确实地； sure肯定的。7 .【答案】D in one s belief相信。其它选项都不能与belief搭配。8 .【答案】C capable of doing是固定搭配，意为“能够干什
13、么”。9 .【答案】D attempt用做名词，后接介词at,意为“试图，努力”；如果后面接 介词on,表示攻击的意思。其他两项都不能与attempt搭配。10 .【答案】C本句的意思是“具有某一工作的必要技能是一个优势”此处应填句子 的主语，故选动名词havingo11 .【答案】D本句主语是A book-keeper or carpenter。根据主谓一致原则，其 谓语应当用单数is,而不是复数are。being, been都是分词，应该排除。12 .【答案】D on与前面的capitalize搭配，表示“利用。做不定式help的补 语。其它选项不能 与capitalize搭配。13 .【
14、答案】B本句的意思是“克服缺点”，应选weakness （缺点，弱点）。idea观点； strength 优点； advantage 优势。14 .【答案】B固定短语take stock of,意为“对估价，对作出判断”。15 .【答案】A本句的意思是：“随着更深入的阅读”，从语法角度，此处应填关联 词。四个选项中，只有as能用做关联词。16 .【答案】D选项A, B, C分别是deal （处理，论述，涉及）的原形，过去分词及 被动语态。根据 语法和语义，此处应填将来进行时，意思是“随着书中内容的进一 步深入，我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程。”17 .【答案】C根据上下文，这里应当
15、指“学习技能”。18.【答案】B固定短语to begin with,意为“首先，第一”，常用做插入语。19 .【答案】A谓语动词pause后，examine又是动词原形，所以这里应当选to, 可构成动词不定式，做目的状语。其余选项都是介词，不合题意。20 .【答案】C本句对全文进行总结概括，与文章的开头相呼应，Of the utmost importance is your attitude 故选 attitude.完型填空（二）1 .【答案】D因其后接形容词powerful作表语故应填系词。shown不是系词；been 和appeared虽可作系词但与句意不符；而proved可作系词，意为“
16、证明是，符 合句意。2 .【答案】C根据意思判断，beyond意为“超出，超过”。3 .【答案】B因land on意为“使着陆”，而send, take和carry表示“把送到上去”时，常接介词to,故应选lan D.4 .【答案】A根据意思判断，travelers正确.5 .【答案】C原句是表示让步的状语从句，而且是一个倒装句，故只能选C aso6 .【答案】D根据词的意思区分，invented（指发明）合乎题意。7 .【答案】D该句为which引导的定语从句，意为“中国发明火箭是在距今800多 年前。”句中谓语是一般过去时，故应选D. agoo8 .【答案】D根据句子意思判断，burned
17、正确。9 .【答案】B change into是固定短语，“变成的意思。10 .【答案】C根据句子意思判断，应选expanding gas膨胀的气体。11 .【答案】D through的意思为“穿过，通过”。12 .【答案】C faces意为“朝着”。13 .【答案】D transmit意为“传递”，disperse意为“驱散，erect意为“直 立，挺直”，radiate意为“辐射，向各方向伸展”，只有D最合题意。15 .【答案】C朝相反的方向，故选Co16 .【答案】B when引导的定语从句。17 .【答案】C根据句子意思判断，follow在这里是遵循的意思。18 .【答案】A根据句子意
18、思判断，describe是“记载描述”的意思。19 .【答案】D for是“对于”的意思。20 .【答案】B根据上下文，只能用不定冠词ano三、翻译1. The film has been on for half an hour.2. The students spent several days to finish this job.3. Thank you very much for telling me something about the good manners in Western countries.4. Can you tell me where we can have a
19、good meal?5. He will start to teach English in China tomorrow.by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction一by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one
20、 of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant
21、facts, by appeal to experiment and observation一these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less do
22、es it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts and “ideas 一in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter 一proves also to be
23、too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts一a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their consti
24、tuents, have all the positive attributes of theories. Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if
25、true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.1. The title that best expresses the ideas
26、 of this passage is_A. Philosophy of mathematics.B. The Recent Growth inScience._C. The Verification of Facts.C. Methods of ScientificInquiry.2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is_A. the similarity betwe
27、en the two periods._B. that it was an act of God._C. that both tried to develop the inductive method._D. due to the decline of the deductive method.3. The difference between “fact” and “theory” _A. is that the latter needs confirmation._B. rests on the simplicity of the former._C. is the difference
28、between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks._D. helps us to understand the deductive method.4. According to the author, mathematics is_A. an inductive science.B. in need of simple verification._C. a deductive science.D. based on fact and theory.5 The statement “Theories are facts may be cal
29、led. /z_A. a metaphor.B. a paradox._C. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods._D. a pun.阅读理解（二）Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour s flight one of the scientists wrote in his book, Look here for probab
30、le metaT Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain region, sent a message to other scientists on the ground, 5 Gold possible.? Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported,? This ground should be searched for metals.? From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent bac
31、k by radio one word, Uranium. None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic powers for looking down below the earth5 s surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of location minerals in the groundusing trees and plants as signs thatcertain minerals may lie beneath
32、the ground on which the trees and plants are growing. This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface. At Watson Bar Creek, a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Co
33、lumbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxed were filled with small banches from te trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully markeD. In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested . Each small part
34、 was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it. Study of the roots , branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold than those growing on the
35、 ends of the branches. If the trees had not indicated that there was gold in the ground, the scientists would not have spent money to pay for digging into the deeper. They did dig and found more fold below. They dug deeper. They found large quantities of gold.1 . Scientists were flying over a desert
36、 or hilly wasteland or a mountain region in order to search for in the ground.A.gold B.silver C. metals D. minerals2 .The study of trees, branches and roots indicates that.A. there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the seeds. B. there were small amounts of gold in the roots than in
37、 the branchesC. there were larger amounts of gold in the seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk than seeds growing on the ends of branches. D. there were more gold in the branches than in the roots3. Which is the best title ?A.Scientists searching for metals with sepcial power B. New methods of sea
38、rching for minerals C. Gold could be found by trees and plants D. A new method of searching for mineralsusing trees and plants4. Which of the following is not mentioned as part of a tree that can help find minerals?A.leaves B.roots C. branches D. seeds5. The scientists were searching for minerals by
39、 using.A. X-ray B. magic power C. a special instrument D. trained eyes阅读理解（三）Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay. The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took
40、 possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico. San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of gold in 1848. A great rush to California took place. Wagon trains plodded their dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains, while hundreds of sailing vess
41、els made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn. The vessels disgorged thousands of passengers 一一 then the crews deserted teir ship and hundreds of vessels were left to rot in thebay. Within two years, California had enough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the hu
42、b of that newly-arrived population. The city s present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of living , good food, and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its cable cars which clang and bang up the steep hills, and for its excellent seafood stals along the wharf.
43、 Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific Basin spend several days getting to know the town.1. According to this article, who were the first Californians?A. deserters from sailing ships B. Spanish ranchers C. gold miners D. tourists 2. san francisco s appeal includes all of the following f
44、actors.A. attractive lifestyle, good seafood, desirable weather B.tourist attactions, extreme seasons, cable cars C. wagon trains, gold mining, good climate D. cable cars, pleasent climate, flat terrain3.san francisco today is a thriving city because of .A. heavy industry B. governmental headquarter
45、s C. goldmining D. trade and tourism4. In waht year did California become an American state?A. 1850 B. 1852 C. 1846 D, 1848二、完型填空完型填空(一)If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths andweaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would depend, to (2) great extent,
46、 (3) your ability to use yourstrengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. (4) the utmost importance is your attitude. A person (5)begins a job convinced that he isnt going to like it or is (6) that he is going to ail is exhibiting aweakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a
47、person who is secure (7) his belief thathe is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerfulattempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. (10) the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lackin
48、g those skills is obviously aweakness. A book-keeper who can t add or a carpenter who cant cut a straight line with a saw (11)hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and overcome the (13) that youbring to the job of learning. But insgroupsto measure your development, you must first (14) - stock ofswheres you stand now. (15) - we get further along in the book, we 11 be (16) - in some detail withspecific processes for developing and strengthening (17) 一一 skills. However, (18