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1、大学英语四级考试练习卷、阅读理解Passage 1Three Kinds of FatigueFatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends, and relatives. Youd think in this era of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation that few people would have reason to be so tired. But probably more people complain of
2、fatigue today than in the days when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard.The causes of modern-day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related to excessive physical exertion. The relatively few people who do heavy labor all day long almost never complain about being tired, perhap
3、s because they expect to be. Today, physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of under-exertion than of wearing yourself down with over-activity. In fact, increased physical activity is often prescribed as a cure for lowering energy. Physical. This is the well-known result of overwor
4、king your muscles to the point where metabolic （新成代明寸的） waste productscarbon dioxide and lactic acid （乳酸）accumulate in our blood and reduce your strength. Your muscles can t continue to work efficiently in a bath of these chemicals. Physical fatigue is usually a pleasant tiredness, such as that whic
5、h you might experience after playing a hard set of tennis, chopping wood, or climbing a mountain. The cure is simple and fast: You rest, giving your body a chance to get rid of accumulated wastes and restore muscle fuel.A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean watersB. the causes of the variation in
6、 oceanic salinityC. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinityD. the different forms of salts in ocean waters27. It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplementof salt 28. Which of the
7、following is not the cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity?A. Precipitation.B. Rain andsnow.C. Formation of ice.D. Addition ofwater by rivers. 29. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Oceanic salinity has great effect on sea life.B. Many factors combine to ca
8、use changes in oceanic salinity.C. The movement of the water is related to the amount of salt.D. The temperature of the water has much to do with the oceanic salinity. 30. The purpose of mentioning the Weddell Sea is.A. to give an example of cold-water salinityB. to point out the location of deep wa
9、tersC. to make a comparison between hot-water salinity and cold-water salinity D. to show that the water in the Weddell Sea varies in salinity from place to place二、完型填空完型填空(一)If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths andweaknesses. Success or (1) in your
10、work would depend, to (2) great extent, (3) your ability to use yourstrengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. (4) the utmost importance is your attitude. A person (5)begins a job convinced that he isn t going to like it or is (6) that he is going to ail is exhibiting aweakness which can only h
11、inder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure (7) his belief thathe is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerfulattempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. (10) the prerequisite skills
12、for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously aweakness. A book-keeper who can t add or a carpenter who cant cut a straight line with a saw (11)hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and overcome the (13) that youbring to the job of
13、 learning. But insgroupsto measure your development, you must first (14) - stock ofswheres you stand now. (15) - we get further along in the book, we 11 be (16) - in some detail withspecific processes for developing and strengthening (17) - skills. However, (18) - begin with, youshould pause (19) -
14、examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical toyour success or failure in school: your (20) 一一,your reading and communication skills, and your studyhabits.1. A. improvement B.victory C. failure D. achievement2. A. a B. the C. some D. certain3. A. in B. on C. of D. t
15、o4. A. Out of B. Of C. To D. Into5. A. who B. what C. that D. which6. A. ensure B. certain C. sure D. surely7. A. onto B. on C. off D. in8. A. to B. at C. of D. for9. A. near B. on C. by D. at10. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been11. A. being B. been C. are D. is12. A. except B. but C. for D. on13
16、. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage14. A. make B. take C. do D. give15. A. as B. till C. over D. out16. A. deal B. dealt C. be dealt D. dealing17. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn18. A. around B. to C. from D. beside19. A. to B. onto C. into D. with20. A. intelligence B. work C.
17、attitude D. weakness完型填空（二）The rocket engine, with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or athunderstorm, is an impressive symbol of the new space age. Rocket engines have 1 powerful enough to shoot astronauts 2 the earths gravitational pull and 3 them on the moon. We have now become 4 space. Im
18、pressive and complex 5 it may appear, the rocket, which was 6 in China over 800 years 7 , is a relatively simple device. Fuel that is 8 in the rocket engine changes 9 gas. The hot and rapidly 10 gas must escape, but it can do so only 11 an opening that 12 backwar D. As the gas is 13 with great force
19、, it 14 the rocket in the 15 direction. Like the kick of a gun 16 it is fired, it 17 the laws of nature 18 by Sir Isaac Newton when he discovered that 19 every action, there is 20 equal and opposite reaction. ”1. A. shown B. been C. appeared D. proved2. A. against B.despite C.beyond D.from3. A. send
20、 B. land C. take D. carry4. A. travelers B. astronauts C. researchers D. explorers5. A. that B. so C. as D. sometimes6. A. made B.discovered C.developed D. invented7. A. in advance B. before C. earlier D. ago8. A. round B. contained C.stored D.burned9. A. as B. into C. for D. the10. A. heating B. es
21、caping C. expanding D.conducting11. A. in B. at C. by D. through12. A. turns B. goes C. faces D. directs13. A. transmitted B.dispersed C. erected D. radiated14. A.attracts B. leads C.pulls D. pushes15. A. same B. other C. opposite D. wrong16. A. that B. when C. if D. although17. A. states B.proves C
22、. follows D. breaks18. A.described B. discussed C.considered D. made19. A. like B. as C. with D. for20. A. no B. an C. another D. theCloze三、翻译1 .电影开演半小时了。汉译英：2 .同学们花了几天时间完成了这项工作。汉译英：.3 .感谢告诉我这么多有关西方礼节的事情。汉译英：4 .你能告诉我哪里有好的地方吃饭吗？汉译英：5 .他明年将开始在中国教英语。汉译英：参考答案:、阅读理解:7. N 8. take breaksI. N 2. Y 3. NG 4,
23、N 5. Y 6. N9. positive 10. under-exertionIL C 12. L13. 014. D 15. F16. G 17. N 18. A 19. J20. K 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D30. A二、完型填空：完型填空（一）1 .【答案】C本句的意思是：“成功或失败在很大程度上取决于你是否能扬长避短。” improvement改进；victory胜利；achievement成果，成就。这三个词都不合题意， 只有C. failure “失败”最合适。2 .【答案】A to a grea
24、t extent是固定短语，意思是“很大程度上”，符合题意。 类7f以的说法还有： to a large extent, to some extent, to an extent, to a certain extent, to that extent, to the extent ofo the, some, certain 者B不能与 great extent 搭配。3 .【答案】B on与前面的depend构成本句谓语。4 .【答案】B of与名词连用，表示具有某种性质，状态，做表语。置于句首，表示强 调。正常语序 为：Your attitude is of the utmost imp
25、ortance.5 .【答案】A A person后应当是定语从句，“开始工作的那个人”。6 .【答案】C本句的意思是“如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定 不适应这项 工作，那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。”。丫后面省略了主语he。 ensure保证；certain肯定的（只能用于It做主语的句子里）；surely确实地； sure肯定的。7 .【答案】D in one s belief相信。其它选项都不能与belief搭配。8 .【答案】C capable of doing是固定搭配，意为“能够干什么”。9 .【答案】D attempt用做名词，后接介词at,意为“试图，努力
26、”；如果后面接 介词on,表示攻 击的意思。其他两项都不能与attempt搭配。10 .【答案】C本句的意思是“具有某一工作的必要技能是一个优势”此处应填句子 的主语，故选动名词havingo11 .【答案】D本句主语是A book-keeper or carpenter。根据主谓一致原则，其谓语应当用单数is,而不是复数areo being, been都是分词，应该排除。12 .【答案】Don与前面的capitalize搭配，表示“利用”。做不定式help的补 语。其它选项不能与capitalize搭配。13 .【答案】B本句的意思是“克服缺点”，应选weakness （缺点，弱点）。ide
27、a观点； strength 优点； advantage 优势。14 .【答案】B固定短语take stock of,意为“对估价，对作出判断”。15 .【答案】A本句的意思是：“随着更深入的阅读”，从语法角度，此处应填关联 词。四个选项中，只有as能用做关联词。16 .【答案】D选项A, B, C分别是deal （处理，论述，涉及）的原形，过去分词及 被动语态。根据 语法和语义，此处应填将来进行时，意思是“随着书中内容的进一 步深入，我们将详细论述发展和 加强学习技能的具体过程。”17 .【答案】C根据上下文，这里应当指“学习技能”。18.【答案】B固定短语to begin with,意为“首
28、先，第一”,常用做插入语。19 .【答案】A谓语动词pause后，examine又是动词原形，所以这里应当选to, 可构成动词不定式，做目的状语。其余选项都是介词，不合题意。20 .【答案】C本句对全文进行总结概括，与文章的开头相呼应，Of the utmost importance is your attitude 故选 attitude.完型填空（二）1 .【答案】D因其后接形容词powerful作表语故应填系词。shown不是系词；been 和appeared虽可作系词但与句意不符；而proved可作系词，意为“证明是，符 合句意。2 .【答案】C根据意思判断，beyond意为“超出，超
29、过”。3 .【答案】B因land on意为“使着陆“，而send, take和carry表示“把送到上去”时，常接介词to,故应选lan D.4 .【答案】A根据意思判断，travelers正确.5 .【答案】C原句是表示让步的状语从句，而且是一个倒装句，故只能选C aso6 .【答案】D根据词的意思区分，invented（指发明）合乎题意。7 .【答案】D该句为which引导的定语从句，意为“中国发明火箭是在距今800多 年前。”句中谓语是一般过去时，故应选D. agoo8 .【答案】D根据句子意思判断,burned正确。9 .【答案】B change into是固定短语，“变成”的意思。1
30、0 .【答案】C根据句子意思判断，应选expanding gas膨胀的气体。11 .【答案】D through的意思为“穿过，通过”。12 .【答案】C faces意为“朝着”。13 .【答案】D transmit意为“传递”，disperse意为“驱散，erect意为“直立，挺直”，radiate意为“辐射，向各方向伸展”，只有D最合题意。14 .【答案】D根据句子意思判断，应为push “推”。15 .【答案】C朝相反的方向，故选Co16 .【答案】B when引导的定语从句。17 .【答案】C根据句子意思判断，follow在这里是遵循的意思。18 .【答案】A根据句子意思判断,descr
31、ibe是“记载描述”的意思。19 .【答案】D for是“对于”的意思。20 .【答案】B根据上下文，只能用不定冠词an0三、翻译1. The film has been on for half an hour.2. The students spent several days to finish this job.3. Thank you very much for telling me something about the good manners inWestern countries.4. Can you tell me where we can have a good meal?
32、5. He will start to teach English in China tomorrow.Pathological （病理的）.Here fatigue is a warning sign or consequence of some underlying physical disorder, perhaps the common cold or flu or something more serious like diabetes or cancer. Usually other symptoms besides fatigue are present that suggest
33、 the true cause.Even after an illness has passed, youre likely to feel dragged out for a week or more. Take your fatigue as a signal to go slow while your body has a chance to recover fully even if all you had was a cold. Pushing yourself to resume full activity too soon could lead to a relapse （旧病复
34、发）and almost certainly will prolong our period of fatigue.Even though illness is not frequent cause of prolonged fatigue, its very important that it not be overlooked. Therefore, anyone who feels drained of energy for weeks on end should have a thorough physical check-up. But even if nothing shows u
35、p as a result of the various medical tests, that doesnt mean theres nothing wrong with you.Psychological. Emotional problems and conflicts, especially depression and anxiety, are by far the most common causes of prolonged fatigue. Fatigue may represent a defence mechanism that prevents you from havi
36、ng to face the true cause of your depression, such as the fact that you hate your job. It is also your bodys safety mechanism for expressing repressed emotional conflicts, such as feeling trapped in an ungrateful role or an unhappy marriage. When such feelings are not expressed openly, they often co
37、me out as physical symptoms, with fatigue as one of the most common manifestations. Many people who are extremely fatigued dont even know theyre depressed, z/ Dr. Bulette says. “They re so busy distracting themselves or just worrying about being tired that they dont recognize their depression. There
38、 is a great deal you can do on your own to deal with both severe prolonged fatigue and those periodic washed-out feelings. Vitamins and tranquilizers （镇 静剂） are almost never the right answer, sleeping pills and alcohol are counterproductive, and caffeine is at best a temporary solution that can back
39、fire with abuse and cause life-disrupting symptoms of anxiety. Instead, you might try: DietIf you eat a small breakfast or none at all, you re likely to experience mid-morning fatigue, the result of a drop in blood sugar, which your body and brain depend on for energy. For peak energy in the morning
40、, be sure to eat a proper breakfast, low in sugar and fairly high in protein, which will provide a steady supply of blood sugar throughout the morning. Coffee and a doughnut are almost worse than nothing, providing a brief boost and then letting you down with a thud. ExerciseContrary to what you may
41、 think, exercise enhances, rather than saps, energy. Regular conditioning exercises, such as jogging, cycling, or swimming, help you to resist fatigue by increasing your bodys ability to handle more of a work load. You get tired less quickly because your capability is greater. Exercise also has a we
42、ll-recognized tranquilizing effect, which helps you work in a more relaxed fashion and be less dragged down by the tensions of your day. At the end of a day exercise can relieve accumulated tensions, give you more energy in the evening, and help you sleep more restfully.SleepIf you know youre tired
43、because you havent been getting enough sleep, the solution is simple: Get to bed earlier. Theres no right amount of sleep for everyone, and generally sleep requirements decline with age. Find the amount that suits you best, and aim for it. Insomnia（失眠）and other sleep disorders should not be treated
44、with sleeping pills, alcohol, or tranquilizers, which can actually make the problem worse. Know yourselfTry to schedule your most difficult jobs for the time of day when youre at your peak. Some are morning people who tire by mid-afternoon; others do their best work in the evening. Dont overextend y
45、ourself, trying to climb the ladder of success at a record pace or to meet everyones demands or expectations. Decide what you want to do and what you can handle comfortably, and learn to say no to additional requests. Recognize your energy cycles and plan accordingly. Many women have a low point pre
46、menstrually, during which time extra sleep may be needed and demanding activities are particularly exhausting. , Take breaks No matter how interesting or demanding you work, you 11 be able to do it with more vigor if now and again you stop, stretch, and change the scenery. Instead of coffee and a sw
47、eet roll on your break, try meditation, yoga, callisthenics （ft 美操） ,or a brisk walk. Even running up and down the staircase can provide refreshment from a sedentary （久坐的）job. If your job is physically demanding, relax in a quiet place for a while. The do-something-different rule also applies to vac
48、ation; getting away from it all for a week or two or longer can be highly revitalizing, helping you to put things in perspective and enabling you to take your job more in stride upon your return.1. According to the passage, it is hard for people to find causes of tiredness when they are leading a comfortable and convenient life.2. Causes of certain types of fatigue are discussed and some suggestions are put forward in the passage.3. Most people don t want to talk about their unhappy feelings with others. 4Physical fat