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1、【考前技能篇5】七选五阅读理解的解题技巧 题材以说明文为主,但应注意考杳记叙文、议论文的可能性，复习时也应注意;包含新课标中的全部主题语境，但以人与社会主题为主； 标题时有时无； 设空以短中、段首为主，段中是考察重点，断尾一般最多设一题；一、思维导图“七选五，4步法解题流程，解题求稳Q-6总分先观大局r 二总分总知其结构，明大意递进 .段落小标题、段首主题句、段尾总结概括承上色下X系Q使两个相邻段落/句子内容连贯析逻辑衔接审连接词，识用途词汇线索为断后和：区受血并列递进关系not only.but also., for one thing, for another, furthermore,
2、moreover. what,s more, besides, additionally, as well (as), apart from 等转折对比关系Cbut. however, yei. otherwise, by contrast, on the contrary, nevertheless 等*3解释例证关系in fact, in other words, or rather, for example, for instance.namely, that is (to say)等因果关系for. because, since, as, so. therefore, thus, he
3、nce, accordingly.Aas a result (consequence), consequently, lead to. thanks to 等时间顺序关系jfirst, second, next, then, later, after that, afterwards, eventually 等代词线索it. this, that, they, these 等冠词提示.E tipv, suggestiom. stepsjvayC 相河司L段中题l i：鬻Y逻辑关系一挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和卜段的内容
4、连贯起来。段中题例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样 性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, ibr instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say 等。转折关系若空格日后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转 折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but, however, yet,12畤知2因央关4总分失事while/though/although, or/othewise
5、, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless（然而）,still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison 等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently（结 果）,as a result （of）, so/such .thatso ihal.等。递进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是 个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, fiirthcnnorc, moreover, lik
6、ewise, similarly, whats more, whats worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.butnot only . but also 等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first（ly）, sccond（ly）; first, then/next; to begin with, some . others fbr one thing, fbr another thing; then/next, finally/last 等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此
7、空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。例子1. 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to fbcus on positive choices.A. You will stick to your d
8、iet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the moming.E. You can keep your head clear fbr 4- 10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you arc planning to do ex
9、ercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段首，应是该段落的小标题。该段的主要内容是“如果晨练，你就更有可能会坚持 一整天吃健康的食物”，故该段的主旨是“坚持健康饮食”；再结合本段中的“healthy food”“junk food”与A项 中的diet相关，故选A。例子2Your metabolism （新陈代谢）gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the caloric （卡路里）bu
10、rning benefits fbr the whole day, not in your sleep.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear fbr 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, y
11、ou continue to bum calories throughout the day.G. If you arc planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感 受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词 “throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选 F。例子3The large color decisions i
12、n your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, eftbrt and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them arc usefulB. Whatever youre looking fbrC. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the o
13、nes were most familiar withE. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析该空位于段尾，应属于总结句。根据空前的“the time, effort and relative ex
14、pense put into it are significant”可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。技能I原词重复信息原词复现是指一个句子中的关键词（常为动词、名词、形容词）会反复出现在文中的其他 句子中。这些词会以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。如：“looks”与 “looking”“looked； “go”与“going”“wen等。根据语言习惯，第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主 语，或者前后句有相同、重叠的词语。因此，要学会寻找空格前后句句中的相同关键词。【例】2021 全国卷甲Invite 510 people so you h
15、ave a nice selection. 37.Less people than that、and theremay not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.38 .They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new clothes home.A. Less people than thatHold a clothing swapB. If two people are compet
16、ingJust keep music playing throughoutC. Donate whatever clothes are left overHave everyone put their clothes in the right spotsD. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition解析：本题考查原词复现。本段空白后“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their 4new clothes home.”讲他们还应准备大量的可回收的袋
17、子，来把“新”衣服带回家。其中的“clothes”原词更现是解题 提示，同时“new”表明衣服应该是好的，对应G选项中的“clean“in good condition”。技能2代词重复信息为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。如： it指代单数名词、不可数名词、句子；they指代复数名词；ones泛指复数名词。还有反身代 词、指示代词、关系代词等。【例】 2021 浙江卷 1 月Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long
18、, snaking linecalled a serpentine lineand serve each person at the front with the next available register.34 This is what they do at most banks and fast-fbod restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register wont unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slo
19、w down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?B. So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C. Some of them may have stood in a queue fbr almost an hour.D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E. How high
20、is the probability that you arc in the fastest waiting line?F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现 是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题，想出了一个好办法：让所有
21、人排成一队，排在最前面的人 到可用的收银机处结账。F项能很好地承接上文，同时F项中的this method是空后This的指代对象，代词 重复是一个很好的解题信号。技能3派生词.重复信息派生词重复信息是指文中选项位置的前后两句中出现意义相关的派生词，因表达的需要 而重复出现一到两次，重复出现的过程中，上卜.文存在着逻辑关系，起着前后衔接作用，这 有利于做题时锁定关键词，找出正确答案。【例】2021 ,全国卷乙And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If youre faced with an awkward
22、 silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment （赞扬）. 40 .Just quickly tum around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”A. How do you know the host B. The first step is to go exploring C. I
23、f you ask the question did you get here?” D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or wont stop talking G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weig
24、ht of that awkwardness the most 解析：考查上下文衔接。木段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer： awkward silence”（晚宴杀手：尴尬的沉默）时应 该怎么办。根据空前的the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment （赞 扬）”可知,解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人,G 项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the
25、 most”（他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人）符合语境。G选项中的He or she”指代the host, “awkwardness”同义复现也是解题提示。技能4同义重复信息此处的同义多指意义相同或相近的词、词组或句子，如room和space。一【例】2021 浙江卷 1 月If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers.Think about the probability： 33 So its not just in your mind： Another l
26、ine probably is moving faster.A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?B. So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C.Somc of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E. How high is the probability that you ar
27、e in the fastest waiting line?F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.解析：考杳上下文衔接。空前的probability与D项中的chances和one in three呼应，同时D项与空后一句So its not just in your mind： Another line proba
28、bly is moving faster”呼应， 符合语境。技能5反义重复信息顾名思义，此处指上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句孔一【例】 2021 ,全国卷甲A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fiin is had. Its really easy to do! Here arc a few pointers.Invite 5 10 people so you have a nice sel
29、ection. 37 and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.A. Less people than thatHold a clothing swapB. If two people are competingJust keep music playing throughoutC. Donate whatever clothes arc left overHave everyone put their clothes in the right spotsD. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition解析：根据本段空白处后文“more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable”,超过510人,则无法控制,可 知分号前后是两个相反意义的对比关系，根据反义信息“more than”，可以推理得知空白处想表达人太少的 含义。