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1、第二部分DIERBUFEN语法考点突破板块一词形的变换第1讲 名 词 和 数 词 前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语L（2021新高考卷 I）The rolling sea of clouds you seeonce you are at the top will remind you how tiny wehumaas（human）are.2.（2021全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in twohours,but we stopped at the different gates andwatchtowers（watchtower）to take pic
2、tures or just towatch the local people going about their daily routines.3.（2020浙江卷）Later,they learned to work with the1.给出名词的单数形式，考查法seasons（season）,planting at the right time and,in dry其复数形式；填空areas,making use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.4.（2020浙江卷1 月）For Japan,the numbers（number）a
3、re more striking22 in 1950,46 today and 53 in2050.5.（2018全国卷 I）Two of the authors of the reviewalso made a study published in 2014 that showed amere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced therisk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes（cause）.2.给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。核心语法精讲考 点 一 名词的数 题组试做单句语
4、法填空1.The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs(roof)in thecold and freezing winter.2.The pianos(piano)in the other shop will be cheaper,but they are not asgood.3.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves(wolf)wouldkill their farm animals or pets.4.I spent ten min
5、utes walking up and down the high street,desperately avoidingeye contact with passers-by(passer-by).5.An ant has two stomachs(stomach).One holds the food for itself and theother is for food to be given to other ants.要点解读一 名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况加-Sm apf maps；girlgirls；househouses；mouthmouths以-th结尾的，加
6、smonthf months；truth-*truths以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的，力 口 esclass-*classes；boxf boxes；brushbrushes；match f matches但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为i 加-escityf cities；countrycountries；partyparties；factoryf factories注意：以元音字母+y 结尾的则直接加-s,如 boyf boys；toytoys以“辅音字母+o”结尾的，tomato f tomatoes；
7、potato f potatoes；hero-*heroes；NegroNegroes；二 名词单数变复数的不规则变化一般加-esmango mangoes注意：1.少数名词加s 或-es均可，如 volcano-volcano(e)s；mosquito-mosquito(e)s2.少数名词只加s,如pianof pianos；photo-*photos以“元音字母+o”结尾的，加-sradiof radios；zoof zoos；bamboo-bamboos以-f,-以结尾的，通常变f 或 fe为 v,再加-eshalff halves；leaf-*leaves；shelff shelves
8、；thief-*thieves；wolf-*-wolves；wifef wives；lifef lives；knifeknives以-f,-fe结尾的，通常变f 或 fe为v,再加-es但是也有的直接加-s,如roofroofs；chief-chiefs；还存在有两种复数形式的，如handkerchief-*handkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数son-in-law-sons-in-lawpasser-by f passers-bystory-teller story-tellers
9、go-between go-betweensgrown-upf grown-ups变化情况例词特殊变化child-*children；foot-*feet；toothf teeth；mouse-mice；man f men；woman f women考 点 二 名词的所有格注意：由man或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-wom en,如 an Englishman-twoEnglishmen；但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌 bacterium（单数）f bacteria（复数）;资料、数据datum（单数）f d
10、ata（复数）；现象 phenomenon（单数）一phenomena（复数）题组试做单句语法填空1.In addition,the hostess(hostess)cooking will guarantee you a wonderfulchance of tasting delicious Chinese food.2.The article concludes that parents(parents)education affects their children，sfuture.3.“Todays(today)story is about the success of a poor
11、 child,“the teachersaid.4.Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones(stone)throw from therailway station fbr the sake of convenience.5.Studies show that a childs(child)character is greatly influenced by his/herhome environment.要点解读名词的所有格1.有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-S。his fathers boss他爸爸的老板2.表示时间、城市、地域
12、、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加-s,表示其所有格。todays paper今天的报纸Englands shore英国的海岸the cars design这辆车的设计3.在某些习惯用语中，也需要加-s 所有格。a stone，s throw 近在咫尺keep sb.at arms length与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ones wits，end 黔驴技穷4.如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加 s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-飞。Jane and Marys mother简和玛丽的妈妈（共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系）Janes and Marys mothers简
13、的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈（不是共有，分别指两位妈妈）5.双重所有格：“a/two/some.,+名词+o f+名词 s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。a friend of her mother，s 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers她的两张照片考点三数词一一基数词与序数词 题组试做单句语法填空1.Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth(five)century.2.The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the
14、tenth(ten)floor.3.Saturn is the second(two)biggest planet in the solar system.4.Each year,hundreds(hundred)of the animals are killed for their fur.5.r m a frequent traveller and I eat out twice(two)a day.6.It has been snowing,roughly every third(three)day,for as long as Ivehad the flu.要点解读一、基数词和序数词1
15、.表数量的数词叫基数词，如 I one,two,three.2.表顺序的数词叫序数词，如 first,second,third,fourth,fifth.二、基数词变序数词的规则1.一二三要单独i己：one-*first,two second,three f third2.th 要从四加起：four f fourth,five f fifth.3.eight 少个 t：eight f eighth4.nine 册 U 除 e：nine f ninth5.ve 用 f 来代替：five f fifth,twelve f twelfth6.ty 变成 tie：twenty f twentieth三
16、、序数词的使用1.序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Monday is the second day of a week.星期一是一周的第二天。2.序数词前有时加不定冠词，表 示“又一、再 一 ，相当于another。Would you like a second cup of tea?你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我（吃了两个苹果后）又吃了一个苹果。3.first,second等有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的
17、。四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1,分母用复数1/3:one third；2/5:two fifths第2讲 形 容 词、副词的比较等级 前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语1.(2021 新高考卷 I)The amazing thing about thespring is that the colder the temperature gets,the hotter(hot)the spring!2.(2021 全国甲卷)After spending some timelooking at all the defensive equipment at the wall
18、,we decided it was time for some action and what better(good)than to ride on a piece of history!给出形容词、副法3.(2020 全国卷IH)One day the emperor wanted词,考查其比较级填to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great或最高级形式。空artists to come and present their finest(fine)work,so that he could choose the best.4.(20
19、18 全国卷IH)He screams the loudest(loud)ofall.5.(2017 全国卷 I)Even worse(bad),the amountof fast food that people eat goes up.核心语法精讲考 点 一 形容词的比较等级 题组试做单句语法填空1.He does not think that his beliefs make him any worse(bad)than any otherman.2.Maybe it is because the first impression is the strongest(strong)that
20、 ChinaDaily has become one part of my life.3.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothingcould be sweeter(sweet).4.The bigger(big)the activity inequality of a country is,the higher its rateof obesity will be.5.Of the two lectures,the first was by far the better(good),pa
21、rtly becausethe speaker had an extraordinary style.6.Mobile phones are making our life easier(easy),but have reduced the needfor face-to-face communication.7.He，s the best teacher in this school,even though he has the least(little)experience.8.Min-Kyu Choi,29,had bought the woiid，s thinnest(thin)lap
22、top,advertisedas being slim enough to fit in an envelope.要点解读一 形容词比较等级的规则变化变化规则例词单音节的词，一般在后面加-er和-esttall f taller f tallestquickquickeLquickest以“辅音字母+-e”结尾的词，在后面加7和-stwide-wider-*widestfine f finer-*finest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变 y 为i,再加-er和-esteasy f easier-easiestheavy f heavier-*heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，
23、双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estthin-*thinner-,thinnesthot f hotteL hottest以-ow结尾的双音节词，多半加-er和-estnarrow-narrower-narrowest多音节词在前面力 口 more 和 mostattractive-moreattractivemost attractive 易错提醒 有少数几个双音节以及-er,-le结尾的词，既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和 most构成比较级和最高级。如：common,clever,simple,stupid等。二 形容词比较等级的不规则变化goodf betteLbest；
24、bad/ill-*worse-*worst；many/much more-,most；old-bolder/elder-boldest/eldest；little-less-least考点二 副词的比较等级 题组试做单句语法填空1.Youll have to speak louder(loud)-I can，t hear you.2.The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayedhere earlier(early).3.Li Hua did very well in the examina
25、tion,and I did no worse(badly),gaining98 marks.4.The detective said,“We must catch the kidnapper.The sooner(soon)thebetter.”5.At first sight it looked less(little)like a capital city than a mining camp.6.Stay farthest(far)from the door if you will be the last person to step outof the elevator.7.Sale
26、smen and waiters are two of the most(much)common jobs that studentstry to find during the summer months.8.I know my sister better(well)than anyone else.Once she has made upher mind,nothing can change it.要点解读一、副词比较等级的规则变化变化规则例词单音节词，一般在后面加-er和estfast-faster-*fastesthard-harder-*hardest以“辅音字母+-e”结尾的单音节
27、词，在后面加-r 和-stlate-*later-*latest以-ly 结尾的双音节词，变 y 为 i，再加-er和-estearlyearlier-earliest其他双音节和多音节词quicklyf more二、副词比较等级的不规则变化well-better-best;badly-worse-worst;much-*more-most;little-less在前面加more和 mostquickly-*-most quicklyhappily f morehappily-*most happilyleast;faL farther/further-farthest/furthest第 3
28、 讲人称代词 前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1.(2021 新高考卷 I)As the song goes,this longand winding road“will never disappear”，and it willalways stick in the visitor，s memory.It sure does inmine(I).2.(2021 全国乙卷)Ecotourism has its(it)originwith the environmental movement of the 1970s.3.(2020 新高考卷 I)As well as lookin
29、g at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)andimagine Ihemselves(they)living at a different timein history or walking through a rainforest.4.(2018 全 国卷 HI)When the gorillas and Ifrightened each other,I was just glad to find them(they)alive.给出人称代词的主格形式，考查其宾格、所有格形式或反身代词；有时考查形容词性物主代1可
30、。核心语法精讲考 点 一 主 格 代 词、宾格代词、反身代词 题组试做单句语法填空1.Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to myself(I)the twosimple words“Be yourself.2.Like university students,US high school students have the freedom to choosethe courses that most interest them(they).3.On my desk is a photo that my father took
31、of me(I)when I was a baby.4.If our parents do everything fbr us(we)children,we won t learn to dependon ourselves.5.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday that hurt itself(it)when itfell off its nest.6.That evening I went to hear him(he)speak and was very impressed byhis passion.要点解读考 点 二 形容词性与名
32、词性物主代词分类单数复数第一人称第二人称A-A-第二人称第一人称第二人称-6A-第二人称人称代词主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem反身代词myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 题组试做单句语法填空1.Their(they)job is to find bamboos in the city and return them to thecountryside.2.On my recent visit,I held a lively thr
33、ee-month-old twin that had beenrejected by its(it)mother.3.People in western countries have a lifestyle quite different from ours(we).4.Nicky and I both have red hair but hers(she)is lighter than mine.5.Apart from a few grammatical mistakes,this composition of yours(you)is well written.6.The lawyer
34、said,“This child is nobodys child until someone makes her theirs(their)officially.”7.The President betrayed them when he went back on hjs(he)promise notto raise taxes.8.You can get a new set of tools,or else you may use mine(I)for the timebeing.要点解读分类单数复数第.人称第二人称第三人称第一人称A*A*-第一人称第二人称物主代词形容词性myyourhi
35、s,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs板块二词性的转换第1讲 名词转换为形容词、名词或动词 前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1.(2020 全国卷 H)The beautiful(beauty)longbranches covered with pink-colored buds(禧蕾)make fantastic decorations.2.(2020 新 高 考 卷 I)In the 18th and 19thcenturies,wealthy(wealth)people travelled
36、andcollected plants,historical objects and works of art.3.But then we got an official letter and we wereblown away.We are so proud of her.ItswonderfuK wonder).4.(2019 全国卷m/They also shared with us manytraditional(tradition)stories about Hawaii thatwere.5.(2018 全国卷IH)Im a scientist(science)whostudies
37、 animals such as apes and monkeys.6.(2018 全国卷 I)To avoid knee pain,you canrun on soft surfaces,do exercises to strengthen(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills andget good running shoes.1.给出名词，考查其派生出的形容词形式；2.给出名词，考查其派生出的另一名词形式；3.给出名词，考查其派生出的动词形_IX工1 0核心语法精讲考 点 一 名词转换为形容词 题组试做单句语法填空1.According to
38、 the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of totalglobal(globe)fertilizer consumption.2.Its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy andmeaningful(meaning)college experience.3.British Prime Minister paid an official(office)visit to China from Jan.31to Feb.2.4.He put his
39、 ear to the floor and heard angry(anger)shouts,but no wordswere distinguishable.5.The policy was rejected in favour of a more cautious(caution)approach.6.She feels guilty(guilt)about spending less time lately with her two kids.7.There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your scientific(science)
40、research.8.The U.S.is sending additional(addition)troops to the region where violenceoccurs frequently.9.It is fashionable(fashion)to have short hair nowadays.10.Unless you respect other people，s religions,horrib。(horror)mistakes andconflicts will occur.要点解读名词转换为形容词后缀例词-alcentrecentral在中心的；中央的origin
41、original原来的；起初的crime-criminal刑事的；犯罪的practicepractical 实际的-edgiftgifted有智慧的talent-talented有才能的；天才的-ialofficeofficial官方的；正式的face-facial 面部的race-*racial 种族的financef financial 金融的industryindustrial 工业的influenceinfluential 有影响的-fulpeace-peaceful和平的；安静的；和睦的meaning-*meaningful有意义的；意味深长的wonderf wonderful精彩的
42、；令人高兴的；令人惊奇的-lesshope-hopeless没有希望的useuseless 没用的helphelpless 无助的end-endless 无尽的-ablefashion-fashionable 流行的；时髦的reasonreasonable公平的；合理的value-evaluable有价值的；宝贵的-ibleaccessf accessible可到达的；可进入的；可使用的；易懂的horror-1horrible极坏的；恐怖的credit-*credible可信的；可靠的-ousdanger-dangerous有危险的；不安全的couragecourageous 勇敢的；无畏的a
43、mbition-*,ambitious有雄心的；有抱负的;有野心的-yguiltf guilty感到内疚的；有过失的；有罪责的taste-*tasty美味的；可口的hunger-hungry饥饿的；挨饿的-icsciencef scientific 科学的energy f energetic精力充沛的；充满活力的economy-economic经济的；经济上的-ishselff selfish 自私的childf childish孩子气的；稚嫩的fo o l foolish愚蠢的;傻的-atefortunefortunate 幸运的；吉利的affectionaffectionate 表示关爱的
44、考点二 名词转换为名词、动词-icalgrammar-grammatical 语法的historyf historical（有关）历史的；有关历史研究的-tconfidence-*confident 有 信 的silence-*silent 沉默的absenceabsent缺席的；茫然的-iycost-costly 昂贵的friend-*friendly 友好的order-orderly 有秩序的dayf daily日常的 题组试做单句语法填空1.The villager(village)autonomy is great innovation in the rural politicalsy
45、stem.2.She was once in deep despair in her childhood(child)because of her physicalillness.3.The President set the targets for the future to promote friendship(friend)with European countries.4.Ms.Green has asked me to deputize(deputy)for her at the meeting.5.In addition,planting trees helps improve a
46、nd beautify(beauty)theenvironment.6.She had to choose(choice)between giving up her job or hiring a babysitter.7.She knew that Soli was trying to frighten(fright)her,so she smiled tohide her fear.8.These human activities will endanger(danger)wildlife and affect the balanceof ecosystem.要点解读一、名词转换为名词后缀
47、例词二 名词转换为动词-erastronomyastronomer 天文学家village-villager 村民engine-*engineer 工程师-istart-*artist 艺术家physicsf physicist 物理学家novel-*novelist 小说家-ianmusic-*musician 音乐家；作曲家library-*librarian图书馆馆长；图书管理员politicspolitician 从政者；政治家-hoodchildf childhood童年；孩童时期neighbor-neighborhood 街坊；街区mother-motherhood 母亲身份；母性
48、-shipfriend-friendship 友谊；友情scholar-scholarship 奖学金；学问champion-championship 冠军称号；锦标赛前缀例词en-dangerfendanger使遭危险；危及；危害couragefencourage 鼓励；激励后缀例词-enfrightf frighten使惊吓；使惊恐strength-strengthen 加 强；强化lengthlengthen 使变长-ebreathbreathe 呼吸bathbathe洗澡；沐浴-ifybeauty-beautify 美化；装饰identity-identify 识别；确认classf
49、classify 分类；归类-izememory-*memorize 记忆summarysummarize 总结apology-apologize 道歉第2讲 动词转换为名词或形容词 前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读1.(2021 新高考卷 I)But thats how nature is一always leaving1.给us astonished(astonish).出 动2.(2021 全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism词，考because it allows the traveler to become educated
50、(educate)about查 其the areas一both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural派 生characteristics,and often provides money for conservation and出 的benefits the devnlopment(develop)of the local areas.名 词语3.(2020 全 国 卷 II)Chinese New Year is a celebration形式；法(celebrate)marking the end of the winter se