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1、英语高考读后续写指导第1节宏观感知【题型解读】读后续写考题提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容和所给段 落开头语进行续写(150词左右)，将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短 文。从试题结构来看，读后续写评价的是书面理解能力和书面表达能力。因此，在写作之前，首 先要读懂文本、理清故事情节，然后再构思故事的发展和结局。【命题特点】该题型一方面考查学生对所学语言的实际运用能力，另一方面也培养学生的发散思维 能力。读后续写不是随心所欲地写，而是根据题目要求，在读懂原文的基础上，利用原材料的素材、 线索和情节等充分发挥想象力和创造力来续写。通过对高考真题中读后续写的
2、分析，我们可得出它的四大命题特点：选材以故事类记叙文为主，内容有趣, 故事线索逻辑性强命题特点所给出的段落开头与上文联系紧密, 指明了续写的方向读写并重，先读透所给材料才能使续 写内容不偏离主线 续写段的情节不唯一，可根据自己的 理解续写不同的内容【评分原则】.本题总分为25分，按七个档次进行评分。1 .评分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：(1)续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度。(2)所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。(3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。2 .评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定 或调
3、整档次，最后给分。3 .评分时还应注意：(1)词数少于120的，酌情扣分；通过阅读以上三个动作链的例子，我们会感觉眼前展现出一幅生动形象的画面，虽然没有情感词 汇在里面，但是已经把一些情感都丰富地体现出来了。（2） “句子+非谓语动词”结构下面用三个句子来说明这种描写动作的句子结构。模式1：句子+-ing【例11老人静坐。分析老人静坐，这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？动作链老人静坐=坐在夕阳下+看报纸+听广播The old man sat under the sunset, reading the newspaper and listening to the radio.模式 2 ：句子+ha
4、ving doneI例2】没有买到票。分析没有买到票，这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？动作链 没有买到票=排了很久队+被告知票卖完了Having queued for 3 hours, he was told that the ticket had been sold out.模式3：句子+-ed【例3】孩子们哭了。分析 “哭”这个动作前面或后面会有哪些动作？或者因为什么原因孩子哭了。动作链哭了=被感动+哭了。Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.二 会用高级句式.形容词（短语）作状语形容词（短语）在句中作状语，可以表明主语所
5、处的状态。这种表达结构简单，却表意丰富，读后 续写中经常用到。如：Lost in the mountain for two days, these students were finally rescued by the local police.这些学生在山 里迷路两天后最终被当地警察救了出来。Speechless and happy, she held her son tightly into her arms, with tears welling up in her eyes.她高兴 得说不出话来，紧紧地抱着她的儿子，热泪盈眶。1 . with复合结构with复合结构可以丰富句子的内容
6、，其作用一般相当于一个状语从句，可以表示原因、条件、伴 随、结果、方式等。如：She stood on the platform with her hand waving to her friend. 她站在站台上，朝她的朋友挥手。The little girl looked at the big fish with her eyes wide open.这个小女孩看着这条大鱼，眼睛睁得很 大。The old man lay on the bench, with his face covered by a newspaper.这位老人躺在长凳上，脸上盖着一张报纸。With a lot of w
7、ork to do this evening, he is unable to come to the party.他今晚还有许多工作要做，不能来参加这个派对。2 .独立主格结构独立主格结构的构成为“名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语”，其作用相 当于一个状语从句。如：The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them
8、.另外两人向下爬进火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山 顶上观察他们。The boy rushed to the old man s house, his face covered with sweat.男孩冲到老人家里，满脸是汗。3 .倒装句型为了突出或强调句子中的某个部分，我们可以将其置于句首，形成倒装结构。如：Only then did we decide to answer violence w汕 violence.直到那时我们才决定以暴制暴。Never will Zhou Yang forget his first job at the office
9、of China。成仪.周洋永远不会忘记他在中国日 报办公室获得的第一份工作。Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。4 .强调句型强调句型的基本结构为“1小/$ +被强调部分+为21710 +其他部分”。如：It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle alon
10、g the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.首先想到要沿着湄公河从源头骑车到终点的是我的姐姐。Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步的阅读让我意识到是她的努力、决心以及温柔的性格使她进入了医学院。5 .虚拟语气在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气；表示主观愿望或
11、某种强烈情感时, 也用虚拟语气。如：If there hadn t been for your help, the boy would have failed in the test.要是没有你的帮助，这个男孩就会在测试中不及格。But for this experience, she wouldn, t have realized that she should spend more time with her family. 如果没有这次经历，她就不会意识到她应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。三 巧用修辞手法无论是在汉语还是在英语中，修辞都是一门具有独特魅力的艺术。在读后续写中，恰当地运用修
12、辞手法可以使平淡的语言变得鲜活、生动，从而增强文章的表现力，也有助于考生获得高分。其 中，较为常用的修辞手法有比喻和拟人两种。1 .比喻比喻是根据事物之间的相似点，把某一事物比作另一事物，从而把抽象的事物说得具体、形象， 把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白。常见的比喻形式有明喻和暗喻两种。（1）明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出，说明本体事物像喻体事物。它是最简单、最常见的一种修辞手法，其常见的标志词有like, as, as if, as though等。The scenery along the journey is just like a breathtaking l
13、andscape painting.（景物描写）沿途的风景就像一幅令人叹为观止的山水画。The icy wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife.（环境描写）寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的小刀一样刺痛了我的脸。The smile on her face was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day.（情感描写）她脸上的笑容和夏天的太阳一样充满活力。I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice.（人物描写）我伸手去摸她
14、的脸，她的脸冰凉。Her hair grew greyer and greyer, as if （it were） covered with snow and frost.（肖像描写）她的头发越来越白了，简直像盖了一头皑皑的霜雪。（2）暗喻与明喻不同，暗喻不通过比喻词表现出来，而是直接将一种事物当成另一种事物来描写， 此时两种事物之间的联系和相似之处都是暗含的。暗喻较明喻而言更加简洁，也更加生动、深刻, 表现力强。Her hair was a golden river streaming down her shoulders.（肖像描写）她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。The beau
15、tiful park was a scented carpet of color.（景物描写）那个美丽的公园就像一块芬芳的彩色地毯。I felt a lump in my throat, tears welling up in my eyes.（f青感描写）我如鲤在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。The boy wolfed down the food.（动作描写）这个男孩狼吞虎咽地吃下了食物。2 .拟人拟人就是把事物人格化，它既能生动形象地写出某事物的某个特点，又使事物具有拟人化后特有 的具象效果。The breeze gently kissed her cheeks.（景物描写）微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸
16、颊。The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture.（景物描写）鹅毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成了一幅美丽的图画。Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.（景物描写）顷刻间，一片黑暗统治了森林。Fear seized/swallowed him.（情感描写）恐惧把他吞噬了。Anger choked my words.（情感描写）我气得说不出话来。A good idea suddenly struck me.（心理描写）我突然想到一个
17、好主意。第3节语料素材一、人物描写【高分词汇】a graceful figure优美的身段a shapely figure匀称的体形a skinny figure瘦削的身材a slim figure苗条的体形a well-developed figure发育良好的身体 an imposing/a dashing/a handsome/a striking figure 仪表堂堂have a good figure（人）形体很好an average build 中等身材a well-built man身材魁梧的人lack of responsibility 缺乏责任感with the virtu
18、e of 具有的美德a sense of responsibility 责任感light-hearted and optimistic 无忧无虑且乐观的be both wise and diligent 既聪明又勤勉be enthusiastic about.热衷于be honest and reliable 诚实可靠be modest about.对谦虚be sensitive about.对敏感be considerate of对考虑周到be pessimistic about对感到悲观 【增分靓句】1. He had a wide mouth and humorous grey eyes
19、.他有一张大嘴巴和幽默的灰色眼睛。2. . She arrived late for class，her hair wet and messy.她上课迟到了，头发又湿又乱。3. She was fair-skinned, having reddish hair and long fingers.她皮肤白皙，有着红发和修长的手指。4. His strongly-built body and sun-tanned skin make him look like a sportsman.他强斗士的身体和黝黑的皮肤使他看起来像一个运动员。5. He has sparking blue green ey
20、es, thinning silver hair that spills onto his forehead, big ears, a triangular nose, and tufts of graying eyebrow.他有一双闪亮的蓝绿色的眼睛，稀疏的银发散落在前额，大耳朵，三角形的鼻子和几缗灰白的眉 毛。6. A dreaming look came over her face.她脸上浮现出梦幻般的神情。7. He smiled, his eyes full of laughter.他露出了笑容，双眼充满笑意。8. Color glowed in his face and his
21、strange eyes widened with joyfulness. 他的脸熠熠闪光，奇特的眼睛因欢乐而大大睁开。9. Aley became happy now and a gentle smile spread over her face.现在阿利变得很开心，整张脸洋溢着温和的微笑。10. She rode the rest of the way home wearing a Mona Lisa smile of peace and grace.她带着蒙娜丽莎 式的平静而优雅的微笑，骑完了剩下的回家路。【语段欣赏】The young woman was tall, with grac
22、e and elegance.She had a great amount of dark hair that was beautifully shown in the sunlight, and a face more beautiful than any other, with dark, mysterious eyes.She was polite and well-mannered, with a tender look.这个年轻的女人很高，且很优雅。她有一 头乌黑的头发，在阳光下显得十分美丽，她的脸比任何其他人都漂亮，她有一双神秘的黑眼睛。 她彬彬有礼，举止文雅，目光温柔。1. Hi
23、s eyes lit up when she walked into the room.A smile lit up her face.The smile spread across her face, which lit up his gloomy afternoon.看见她走进房间，他双眼一亮。她笑了，脸上露出了喜色。她满脸的微笑点亮了他阴郁的下午。2. I watch him as he makes his way toward the stage.Medium height, stocky build, ashy blond hair that falls in waves over
24、his forehead.The shock of the moment is registered on his face, and you can see his struggle to remain emotionless, but his blue eyes show the alarm I ve seen so often in prey.Yet he climbs steadily onto the stage and takes his place.我看着他走上舞台。中等身材、健壮结实、浅灰色的金头发垂在前额。这一刻带给他的震惊仍写 在脸上，看得出他在竭尽全力保持镇静，但他蓝色的
25、眼睛里还是透着惊恐不安，我在捕猎时经常 看到这种神情。他强装镇定，走上舞台，站在自己的位置上。二、动作描写【高分词汇】wear sweet smiles on one, s face 面带甜甜的微笑have a slight frown on one, s face 微微皱眉with tears welling up in one? s eyes 热泪盈眶catch a glimpse of 瞥一眼with one s eyes fixed on某人的目光紧盯着raise/lift one s eyes 抬起头来cry out大叫speak to oneself 自 言自语shout at t
26、he top of one? s voice 高声地喊叫with one, s mouth wide open 张大着嘴巴nod one s head 点头shake one s head 摇头scratch one? s head 挠头bury one s head in把头埋进shake one s hand 握手wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手告别wander around the street 在街上闲逛tiptoe to the bed蹑手蹑脚地走到床边【增分靓句】1. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee sho
27、p was waiting for Li Fang to leavehe wiped the tables，then sat down and turned on the TV.很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开他擦好桌子，然后坐下来，打开电视。2. His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers dinner on table.他的眼睛盯着兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜。3. Oliver gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift.奥利弗从桌上拿起它，像送礼物一样递 给亨利。4. The
28、 hostess screams, the other customers look at her and she puts a hand to her mouth.老板娘尖叫起来，其他顾客都望着她，于是她用手捂住了嘴巴。5. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.查理先把鞋带挑出来，像吃意大利面一样把它们吃了。然后他把皮制的鞋头切下来
29、，就好像那是 最美味的牛排。6. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.她往后退了退，显得很吃惊，举起了手，想要自卫。7. The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. 以前从来没有见过这种情况的男孩们吓得从窗户跳了出去。8. Professor Higgins carelessly throws a handful of money
30、into her basket.希金斯教授漫不经心地朝她 的篮子里扔了一把钱。9. Daniel runs into his bedroom and shuts the door angrily.丹尼尔跑进卧室，生气地关上了 门。10. As I dropped my dad off, I watched him, dressed in his work clothes, getting his tools from the trunk of my car.我让父亲下车，看着他穿着工作服，从车的后备箱里拿出工具。【语段欣赏】The Eagle, s captain knocked the ba
31、ll to the ground with his hand, and then kicked it and scored.The referee blew the whistle； the match was over and the Eagles had won.老鹰队的队长用手将球击倒在 地，踢了一脚，进球得分了，裁判吹响了哨子。比赛结束，老鹰队赢了。1. Hearing the familiar voice, Mary stopped her pace.She turned around, and staggered forward a few steps.She found it w
32、as her elder brother.So excited, she jumped up and threw her arms around the man s neck.She buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed for a few moments.Then she said in a loud and excited voice.听到这熟悉的声音，玛丽停下脚步。她转过身来，往前踉跄走了几步。她发现那 是她的哥哥。她太兴奋了，跳了起来，双臂搂住那人的脖子。她把脸埋在他的肩膀上，啜泣了一 会儿，然后兴奋地大声说话。三、情感描写【高分词汇】b
33、e mad/wild with joy 欣喜若狂jump with/for joy高兴得跳起来lose one, s temper 发脾气a burst of anger怒火的迸发with a heavy heart心情沉重地one, s heart seems to be torn apart 某人的心似乎被撕裂了be in floods of tears 泪如雨下suffer from stress 有精神压力have a worried look 愁眉苦脸shake with fear 吓得发抖with one s eyes full of horror某人的眼睛里充满恐惧a sense
34、 of shame 羞耻感be embarrassed beyond words 无比尴尬【增分靓句】My heart began to race and my mind went blank. 我的心跳开始加速，脑子里一片空白。1. So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face.她是如此的羞愧以至于脸如充血般发烫。2. When the host announced that she won the prize, a wide excitement took hold of her. 当主持人宣布她获奖时，
35、她的激动之情溢于言表。3. His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize. 听到他没获奖的消息，他的心情很沉重。4. . Terror and death struck, and her heart was beating painfully fast, banging against her ribs.恐怖和死 亡袭来，她的心脏跳动得非常快，撞击着她的肋骨。5. I felt that the blood in my body cooled/froze rapidly because of the te
36、rrible sight.因为这可怕的景象， 我感觉我的血液都快速凝固起来。6. He was sick with fear, but the thought of the consequences urged him on. 他极度害怕，但一想到结果，他还是要继续下去。7. I wonder if it s because I haven t been able to be outdoors for so long that I ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大
37、自然有关的事物都无比狂热。8. I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying. 起初我有点紧张，但是大家都那么友好，我很快便不再担心了。9. I felt so ashamed.I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!我感到很丢脸。我一定是蠢到 家了才会连一次简单的数学测试都没通过！【语段欣赏】Tom s mind was made up now.He was gloomy and
38、 desperate.He was an abandoned, friendless boy, he said； nobody loved him； when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry, tears would be shed and hearts would be broken.Although he had no friend to complain to, he had tried to do right things and get along with others.
39、汤姆现在拿定了主意。他既沮丧又绝望。他说他是一个被遗弃的、没有朋友的男孩子；没有人爱 他；当他们发现他们把他逼成什么样时，也许他们会后悔、会流泪、会心碎。虽然他没有可以抱 怨的朋友，但他试着做正确的事，和他人好好相处。四、环境描写【高分词汇】the setting sun 落日a rainy season 多 雨 的季节a stormy night暴风雨之夜be buried in snow深埋在雪中unbearably hot难以忍受的酷热in the warm spring sunshine 在春天温暖的阳光中clear up 放晴bathe in (the) sunshine 沐 口 光
40、浴a favorably situated city 位置优越的城市a small village off the map个偏僻的小村子within a stone s throw of the beach 离海滨仅咫尺之遥be situated at the northern extreme of位于最W匕端in a village among the hills在群山环抱的村庄里room facing south朝南的房间the thinly populated rural area人烟稀少的农村地区be located somewhere on the Pacific coast 位于太
41、平洋沿岸某处【增分靓句】1. The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light.太阳开始升起，给山披上了一层金纱。2. The sun rose over a quiet world and looked warmly down upon the peaceful village.太阳在个宁青争 的世界里升起，温暖地俯视着这个宁静的村庄。3. The sky is clear blue now and the sun has flung diamonds down on meadows, river b
42、anks and woods. 此时已是万里蓝天，太阳将钻石般灿烂夺目的阳光洒向草原、河岸和树林。4. The grounds were covered with dark green grass through which stretched a straight white stone path, 庭院里处处是碧绿的芳草，绿草中铺着洁白笔直的石路。5. The beautiful scenery is a feast for your eyes.美丽的景色令人大饱眼福。6. It was so quiet in the classroom that the sound of a needl
43、e dropping onto the ground could be heard.(2)书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分；(3)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、 美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。【评分标准】档次描述第七档(2225分)(1)创造了新颖、丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高；(2)使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达流畅，语言错误 很少，且完全不影响理解；(3)自然有效地使用了段落间、语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰， 前后呼应，意义连贯。第六档(1821分)(1)创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较
44、完 整，与原文情境融洽度较高；(2)使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达比较流畅， 有个别错误，但不影响理解；(3)比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意 义比较连贯。第五档(1517 分)(1)创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文情境相关；(2)使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达方式不够多样性， 表达有些许错误，但基本不影响理解；(3)使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。第四档(11 14 分)(1)创造了基本完整的故事内容，但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性 不强，与原文情境基本相关；(2)使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有部分语言错误和不
45、恰当之 处，个别部分影响理解；(3)尚有语句衔接的意识，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。教室里很安静，连一根针掉在地上的声音都能听得见。7. When we reached the top of the hill, a magnificent view of the sea greeted us. 当我们到达山顶时，我们看到了一片壮丽的海景。8. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power. 那漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风、电闪雷鸣、乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。9
46、. However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。10. Upon the arrival of spring, beautiful birds will sing happily in the park,春天一至U, 美丽的鸟儿们 就会在公园里欢快地歌唱。【语段欣赏】At the close of the afternoon service, we returned by an exposed and hilly road, where the
47、 bitter winter wind, blowing over a range of snowy summits to the north, almost grayed the skin from our face. 下午的祷告结束以后，我们沿着一条光秃崎岖的山路返回。冬日刺骨的寒风吹过大雪覆盖的山峰, 吹向北边，吹得我们一脸苍白萧索。1. It was the cool gray dawn, and there was a sense of peace deep in the woods.Not a leaf stirred； not a sound disturbed great Na
48、ture? s meditation.Dewdrops stood upon the leaves and grasses.A white layer of ashes covered the fire, and a thin blue breath of smoke rose straight into the air.正是凉爽的、灰蒙蒙的黎明时分，树林深处一片宁静。没有叶子在动，没有任何声音打扰大自然 的沉思。露珠还挂在树叶和草上。火上覆盖着一层白色的灰烬，一缕蓝色的轻烟直直地飘向空中。五、结尾升华句A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。1. It s never too old to learn.活到老学到老。2. Time and tide wait for no man.时不待我。3. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志