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1、一：话题词汇过关1. earthquake n.地震2. landslide n.滑坡3. snowstorm n.暴风雪4. hit vt.袭击5. shake vi.晃动6. hurricane n.飓风7. typhoon n.台风8. loinado n.龙卷风9. drought n.干旱10. alarm n.警报11. humid adj.潮湿的12. humidi ly n.湿气,湿度13. phenomenon n.现象14. shake n.摇；震动15. burst vi.爆发；爆炸16. ruin n.废墟17. injure vt. 损害18. destroy vt.
2、破坏；毁坏19. useless adj.无用的20. shock vt.使震惊21. rescue n.救援22. disaster n.灾难专题07自然灾害一备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练23. shelter n.掩蔽；藏身处buryvt.埋24. damagevt.破坏；损坏frightened adj.害怕的25. terrifyvt.使恐惧；使惊吓ashn. 灰；灰末26. victimn.受害者catastrophe n. 灾难；灾祸27. radioactive
3、 adj.放射性的panic n& vi.惊慌；恐慌28. muddy adj. 泥泞的lavan. 熔岩；岩浆29. meltvi.融化tidal adj.潮汐的；有涨落的30. worsenvi.（使）恶化fierceadj.狂暴的；恶劣的31. sufferingn.遭受，遭罪ca 1 m 1 yadv.镇静地32. scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的红出Ladj.受潮水影响的；有涨落的33. tropical ad j.热带的tsunami n.海啸2. What can be learned about the ancient water system?A. It was devel
4、oped during the ancient Inca civilization.B. It is nature-based and made of special canals.C. It is the last water system left in Huamantanga.D. It can satisfy water needs of Lima throughout the year.3. What does the underlined word “this probably refer to in Para. 3?A. Water resources.B. Water supp
5、ly.C. Water system.【）.Water shortage.4. Which of the following order shows how the ancient system works?a. The water flows downhill through the soil.b. The water surfaces in water bodies.c. The water goes slowly into the ground.d. The water f1ows to water bodies and hi 1Isides.A. d, a, b, cB. b, c,
6、a, dC. a, b, c, dD. d, c, a, b参考答案：1. 答案与解析 B 数据计算题。根据第一段中“up to 100 million cubic meters of waterequal to 40, 000 Olympic-size swimming pools* worth of waterw可知 40 000 个奥运会规模的游泳池需要 100 000 000立方米水，由此可知，一个奥运会规模的游泳池需要的水是100 000 0004-40 000=2 500, 故B项正确。2. B 间接信息题。根据第五段中 “This nature-based method is m
7、ade of special canals” 可知， 这个古老的水系统是以自然为本的，且由特别的水渠组成，故B项正确。3. D 代词指代题。根据画线词前一句The city suffers shortages of 43 million cubic meters during the dry season. ”可知，该城在干旱季节严重缺水，故this指water shortage,故选项D正确。4. D细节排序题。根据第五段提到的水从源头流到水体，然后渗入地下，再经由土壤流下山，最后 出现在社区的水源中，由此可判断出选项D正确。五：话题写作训练(A)最近国内外灾害不断发生，这些灾害引起了我们对
8、于自然所做的行为的再一次思考。1 .你是如何看待自然灾害的？2 .我们应该采取哪叫措施来尽可能避免这些灾害和减少损失呢？注意：1 .词数100词左右；2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考文章Natural disasters happen almost every day, those devastating ones leave us to think about our behaviors towards nature again.First of all, we need to set a sound pre-warning mechanism, which enables us
9、to detect potential risks at an early stages. Accordingly, emergency measures can be taken, and losses can be minimized.Second, governments have to equipped with an excellent Disaster Assistance Response Team to rescue those disaster-stricken areas. The primary goal is to provide emergency services,
10、 such as drinking water and medical treatment, until long-term aid arrives.Third, citizens need to realize that the main cause of those disasters is largely due to climate crisis; therefore, they should purchase energy efficient appliances, plant trees and economize our consumption on housing.From w
11、hat has been discussed above, I maintain that minimizing the cost of disasters can be achieved by our persisting efforts.(B)你校与加拿大的Windson学校师生以“中学生如何在灾难中保护自己”为主题，开展探讨月活动，请 你以该主题在会议上发表演讲。注意：1.词数80左右；3 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Protect Ourselves From The DisasterMisfortune and fortune always accompany one anot
12、her, just like thunder accompanying lightning. Much less as misfortune occurs than fortune, not until it breaks out suddenly can we realize it. Here are some suggestions provided for you.First of all, you had better watch TV and search the information from the Internet or the other ways, which could
13、 give you very full knowledge about how to protect yourself from the native disaster.Second, you should think carefully and decide to buy something for yourself, which will be 11/12helpful when you are in danger.Third, after you have learned some knowledge about how to protect yourself, you should t
14、ry to practice, because, as we know, actions speak louder than words.Last but not least, when you practice very proficiently, you could help your family to learn something about it.Only in this way can you learn how to protect yourself from the native disaster!45. typhoonn.台风del iberalely adv.蓄意地;审慎
15、地46. dusty adj.满是灰尘的panicn.恐慌;惊慌47. powerful ad j.强有力的sensevt.感觉48. lossn.损失terrible ad i.可怕的49. emergencyn.紧急情况nervousadj.神经质的.紧张的50. worriedadj.担心的fundn.资金,基金51. providevt.提供comfortvt.安慰52. effortn.努力二：话题短语表达过关53. wcl I- ruinedadj.训练有素的匹g_adj.恰当的;合适的54. properly adv.适当地smellyadj.有臭味的;发臭的55. sui,ro
16、undvt.围绕;包围surroundingadj.周围的56. surroundings n.环境complainv.抱怨;埋怨57. greenhouse n.温室habitatn.栖息地58. hurricanen.飓风lands! iden.山体滑坡59. moltvi.融化rainbow n.彩虹60. sandslormn.沙尘暴1. make one s escape逃脱keep one s head保持冷静2. in I he face of面临much loo太3. hold on t。保住，守住:保存，保留：坚持in an orderly 1 in。整齐地排成一行，有序的一
17、行/一队4. io one s greal rel ie令某人极为欣熨的曷clear. o.清除掉的5. gel prepared for为做准备0. make the difference between life and death起着生死攸关的作用11. blow away吹走，刮走;炸飞thunder and lightning雷电交加12. woathcr forecast天气预报greenhouse eecl温室效应13. 乂I oba 1 wami i ng全球变暖right away 立亥i： 马上14. ca!m down平静下来burst oul爆发15. burst in
18、to突然in ruins废墟16. dig oul挖掘give oul分发；发出17. prepare for为做准备instead of代替:不是18. at an end完结,结束a great number of大量的19. on one s way在路上;快要到来raise funds筹集基金20. go through经历，经受make connections wiih与联系起来21. a sense of fear and confusion恐惧和困惑感03/1222. be shocked at对感到震惊take shelter from躲避23. break down垮掉cro
19、wd in涌入24. blow down吹倒三：话题句型练笔1. . ()n 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across Ihe ocean near Gcldshore and lefl thousands dead.12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。2. Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their import
20、ant documents and disaster supplies into a bag.爸爸在用收音机听天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件及救灾物资装进包里。3. Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before th。 city of Pompeii was dug from its si lent resling place.将近17个世纪过去了，庞贝城才从它沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来。4. belt. Ifearing a seat belt. If I hadn t been wearing one,I would have be
21、en injured.?我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。5. What the director wants to tell people is that we should take measures to beautify the environment.导演想告诉我们的是我们应该采取措施美化环境。6. A majority of people hold Ihe belief that cl imate change is the pressing threat for mankind. 大多数人认为气候的变化是对人类紧迫的威胁。7. This disaster injur
22、ed thousands of people and left tens of thousands of people homeless. 这次灾害使数千人受伤，数万人无家可归。8. Disaster Day is aiming at proposing everyone to stop doing the things that will cause natural disaster.自然灾害日旨在提倡大家停止做会导致自然灾害的事情。9. Nalural disasters have caused serious Iragedy, making plenty of people injure
23、d or dead.自然灾害已造成严重的悲剧，导致很多人受伤或死亡。四：话题阅读训练(A)04/12It sounds impossible for a 500-pound bear to break into a house through a small window. But the animal known as Hank the Tank is no ordinary bear: He has used his extraordinary strength to force into at least 28 garages in South Lake Tahoe and is res
24、ponsible for 152 reports of conflict behavior with the local people over the past seven months.“This smart bear does not break into a garage where trash is kept, “ the police department said in a statement. H。hangs out in the neighborhood quite often because ho has been continuously rewarded with fo
25、od stored in garages.”The most recent incident occurred late last week, when local police officers were cal led to a home on Catalina Drive when Hank broke into another garage and the police department has planned a special trapping effort to remove Hank the Tank from the neighborhood. After he s ca
26、ught, it will decide whether he can be placed in a controlled habitat or whether he should be killed. Wc hope that Hank can avoid the sad ending of another famous bear from the Tahoe area, “ it said.Like Hank the Tank, the 500-pound bear named the Safeway Bear had lost i ts rear of people. 11 was kn
27、own for driving away Kings Beach get-togethers, helping itself to a birthday cake and other treats. In 2020, it was caught on camera stealing food from a grocery store at Lake Tahoe s northern shore.The bear was eventually trapped and sent to a remote wild habitat in El Dorado County. Its tracking c
28、ollar was found in the woods in the spring of 2021, loading biologists to hope that it had successfully gotten used to a natural diet and lost weight, allowing the collar to slip off.But the truth was very heart-breaking. The big bear was reduced to a shell of its former self and was killed at a cam
29、pground where a family gathering included small children.“The action of the shooter was the most humane outcome for this bear, w said one of the biologists.1. What do the police officers probably suggest the public do?A. Avoid mixing food leftovers with garbage.B. Replace sma11 windows with bigger o
30、nes.C. Call the police once they see Hank the Tank.D. Put food outside to help the trapping effort.2. Where was the Safeway Bear sent?A. El Dorado County.B. Kings Beach.C. Catalina Drive.I）. Lake Tahoe.3. What can be learned about the Safeway Bear?A. It had a hard life in the Tahoe area.B. It lost i
31、ts ability to live in the wild.C. It successfully got used to a natural diet.D. It stole food and killed people on the beach.4. What is the biologist* s attitude to the action of the shooter?1 . Opposed.B. Skeptical.C. Supportive.D. Unconcerned.参考答案：L 推理判断题。根据第二段的“This smart bear does not break into
32、 a garage where trash is kept, “ the police department said in a statement. He hangs out in the neighborhood quite often because he has been continuously rewarded with food stored in garages. n （这只聪明的熊不会 闯入存放垃圾的车库，”警察局在一份声明中说。“他经常在附近闲逛，因为它不断得到存放在车库里的 食物作为奖励。“）”可推知，警方很可能建议避免把剩余的食物与垃圾混在一起。故选A。2 .细节理解题
33、。根据倒数第三段“The bear was eventually trapped and sent to a remote wild habitat in El Dorado County.（这只熊最终被困住，并被送到了位于埃尔多拉多县的一个偏远的野生栖 息地）”可知，Safeway Bear 被送到了 El Dorado County, 故选 A。3 .推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的Its tracking collar was found in the woods in the spring of 2021, leading biologists to hope that it had su
34、ccessfully gotten used to a natural diet and lost weight, allowing the collar to slip off. （2021年春天，人们在树林里发现了它的追踪项圈， 这让生物学家们希望它已经成功适应了自然饮食并减肥，让项圈得以滑落）”和第二段的“But the truth was very heart- breaking. The big bear was reduced to a shell of its former self and was killed at a campground where a family ga
35、thering included small children.（但事实却非常令人心碎。这只 大熊沦落为以前的自己的外壳,在一个营地被杀死,在那里，一个有孩子的家庭聚会在举行）”可知,Safeway Bear失去了在野外生活的能力，在一个宿营地被杀死了。故选B。4 .推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The action of the shooter was the most humane outcome for this bear, said one of the biologists.（“射击者的行为对这只熊来说是最人道的结果，”其中一 位生物学家说）”可知，这位生物学家对射击者的行为是支持的。
36、故选C。（B）El Ni?o, a Spcinish term for “the Christ child” , was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes cChristmas. El Christmas. El Ni?o sees warm water, collected over several years in the west
37、ern Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.places. Richlosc. Ats, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni?os, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Ni?o in 1997-98 h
38、elped America* rain. They grow by $15 bi 11 ion,partly because of, better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.flames. Andonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi
39、-year drought(干旱 worse. Thoughast Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Ni?o may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.globe. Bulprepare. Accordingi?o, in 1997-98,killed around 21,00() peopIe and caused damage worth
40、 $36 bi 11 ion around the globe. But such Ni?os come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks
41、in advance, rather thanafterwards. Thisebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施 disease. Botterhc spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道)make i t less likely thastomach. Stronger
42、f loods. Accordingutbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Ni?o link. Thoughpeople. Sincehe poorer the country, th
43、e stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked t
44、o El Ni?o, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1. What can we learn about El Ni?o in Paragraph 1?A. It is named after a South American fisherman.B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.07/12C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D. It sees the changes
45、 of water flow direction in the ocean.2. What may El Ni?os bring about to the countries affected?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Rich countries, gains arc greater than their losses.I. . Poor countries suffer less from droughts economical
46、 1 y.3. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that . ?A. more investment should go to risk reductionB. governments of poor countries need more aidC. victims of El Ni?o deserve more compensationD. recovery and reconstruction should come firstWhat is the author, s purpose in writing the pass
47、age?A. To introduce El Ni?o and i ts origin.B. To explain the consequences of El Ni?o.C. To show ways of fighting against El Ni?o.D. To urge people to prepare for El Ni?o. 参考答案：1. D解析细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因 等内容。根据文中“back eastwardsw和“normally blow westwardsw等关键词可知D项正确。2. C解析 细节理解题。根据
48、文章第二段中“more.untries gain more. w排除A项,错误点出在 fall 一词;B项的说法没有根据，文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less 一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说 明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二 段中“Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni?os, on balance, than they lose. ，句意为“总 的来说,富裕国家得大于失3. A 解析 推理判断题。题源句为第四段 wAccording to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recove