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1、专题08环境保护一备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）1. ecosystem n.生态系统2. habitat n,栖息地3. vegetation n.植被4. energy n.能源5. resource n.资源6. surroundings n.环境7. pollution n.污染8. rubbish n.垃圾9. extinct adj.灭绝的10. endangered adj.濒危的11. deforestation n.森林采伐12. landslide n,山体滑坡13. damage vt.破坏14. recycle vt.回收利用15. reserv
2、e n.保护区16. alternative adj.可替代的17. popularize vt.普及18. protect vt,保护19. beatify vt.美化20. save vt.节省21. area n.地区，面积22. ocean n.海洋23. ecosystem n.生态系统24. habitat n,栖息地25. vegetation n.植被26. energy n.能源27. resource n.资源28. surroundings n.环境29. pollution n.污染30. rubbish n.垃圾31. extinct adj.灭绝的32. endan
3、gered adj.濒危的33. deforestation n.森林采伐34. landslide n,山体滑坡35. damage vt.破坏36. recycle vt.回收利用37. reserve n.保护区38. alternative adj.可替代的39. popularize vt.普及40. protect vt,保护41. beatify vt.美化42. save vt.节省43. area n.地区，面积44. ocean n.海洋45. ancient adj.古代的46. forest n 森林47. mountain n.山脉48. grow vi.生长49.
4、balance n. & vt.平衡50. maintain vt.维持51. irreplaceable adj.不可替代的52. protect vt,保护53. well-managed adj.管理有方的54. observe vt.遵守55. reduce vt,减少56. recycle vt.循环57. long-lnsting adj.持久的58. harmony n.和谐59. harmonious adj,和谐的60. forecast vt.预报;预告61. fuel n.燃料62. irrigate v.灌溉63. steady adj.稳固的;平稳的64. endan
5、ger vt.危害，使遭危险65. fearsome ad.j,令人恐惧的66. development n.开发-：话题词汇过关板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练B项“但是人们可以有所作为”在此承上启下。5. E空前一句说报道呼吁公司要改进塑料的使用方法。E项“这要求他们更好地衡量和控制塑料的 使用”承接上一句，E项中的It代指前一句提到的The reporto 五：话题写作训练(A)假定你是李华。6月5日是世界环境日(World Environment Day),你校将开展一次以uBuilding a better home为题的
6、演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1 .世界环境日的宗旨；2 .你的做法；3 .你的呼吁。注意：1 .写作词数应为80左右：2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。参考文章Dear teachers and fellow students,World Environment Day is marked on June 5 every year, which aims to encourage awareness and action for the protection of the environment.To answer its call, I go to school by
7、 bike or on foot instead of taking the bus. At home I turn off the tap while brushing my teeth. Besides, I often donate the used textbooks to the students of lower grades. I believe all these steps taken can help lower my impact on the environment.The earth is our common home. Let，s take action to b
8、uild a better one for all of us!That，s all. Thank you!(B)水是生命之源。然而，由于人口的增长和环境的破坏，水资源越来越少。拯救水资源，节约用水迫在 眉睫。假定你是李华，你们班为此展开了一场班会，请你根据以下要点谈谈关于节要点：L刊登公益广 告；3 .日常节约用水；4 .呼吁更多人节约用水。要求：L书写工整、语句通顺，连贯，词数不少于80；5 .短文中不得出现任何真实的人名和地名。参考词汇：公益广告public service advertisementWater is life. People can, t live without wa
9、ter. Plants will die without water. However, there are still many people wasting water. For example, they always keep the water running when doing wash.So we must take actions to stop them from doing this. First, more public service advertisements should be made to let people know the importance of
10、water. Second, we should try our best to use less water if necessary in our daily life. Third, we should call on more people around us to save water together.Everything starts from now!45. pollutionn.污染damagingad j.破坏性的46. dropvi.下降awfuladj.可怕的，糟糕的47. smellyadj.有臭味的extinctadj. 灭绝的48. extinctionn. 灭绝
11、phenomenonn. 现象49. conservationn. 保护； 保存enormous/massiveadj. 巨大的50. catastrophen. 大灾难preservevt.保护；保存：保留51. preventvt.防止；预防recyclevt.回收；再循环52. reserven. & v.储备;预定rubbishn.垃圾;废物53. ruinvt.毁坏二：话题短语表达过关54. burdenv.（使）担负n.重担；负担meanwhile adv,同时55. povertyn. 贫穷emissionn.排放56. exposuren.暴露； 显露complicated/c
12、omplexadj. 复杂的57. postponevt. &vi.推迟；延期dirty adj.脏的58. dustn.灰尘;尘土declinev.减少;下降;衰退;谢绝59. decreasev.减少;变小deliberatelyedv.蓄意地;审慎地60. dustbin n.垃圾箱threatenv.威胁、61. littervt.乱扔energyn,能源;能量62. resourcen.资源1. seize the opportunity抓住机遇make policies制定政策2. take measures采取措施have ae interview with采访3. carbon
13、 dioxide二氧化碳fossil fuel化石4. envinonmontal problems环境问题greenhouse effect温室效应5. climate change气候变化set up regulations制定制度6. cut down砍倒；削减find the solution找到解决办法7. be thankful for对心存感激at an unbelievable speed以令人难以置信的速度8. environmeotal protection环境保护have an impact on对产生影响9. put.in danger置于危险的境地large amou
14、nts of大量，许多10. draw one s attention to弓I起某人的注意play a major role起主导作用11. on thn rise在上升take the example of例如12. advocate a lowcarbon life提倡低碳生活be faced with/face/coee across/meet with all kinds of difficulties面对各种困难13. appeal to/call on people to make donations呼吁人们捐赠be in dinger of extinctioc/becomic
15、g extinct/dying out处于灭绝的危险14. fight against pollution与污染做斗争keep/break ecological balance保持/破坏生态平衡15. envirovmeot-friendly products环保产品duly One Eneth, Care and Share只有一个地球一齐关心,共同分享16. sort the garbage分类垃圾17. deal with rubbish properly正确处理垃圾make proper use of water resources合理利用水资源18. raise the awaren
16、ess of提高的意识三：话题句型练笔1： There is little doubt that Earth is getting wanner and warmer毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越温暖2： Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命。3： Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste 6nding up in the river.由于更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入河中，导致水污染程度上升。
17、4： Over the past 2000 years,about per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.在过去的2000年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约外的雨林已经消失了。5： It was reported that in2010, about 3400 million people lived ic the Amazon.据报道,在2010年大约有三千四百万人居住在亚马孙流域。6： As the human pop
18、ulation continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。7： Accordingy/Conscquently/As a result, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of environmental protection.因此,不难得出结论，人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。8： Faced with thi
19、s situation, we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection. 面对这种情况,我们应该提高环境保护的意识。四：话题阅读训练(A)Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of
20、global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景)this century” .A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwatershortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, coll
21、apse is04/11well underway.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of sti 11-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world，s most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations
22、 and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.The international scholars warning letter doesn，t say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers o
23、f everyday civilization. Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse
24、is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century, “ Johnson said in an email.“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, v the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm” . And yet messeng
25、ers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote,Man is a victim of dope（麻醉品）In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent （执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. Lets look directly
26、 into the issue of collapse, “ they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.1. What does the underlined wordgermanev in Paragraph 3 probably mean?B. Credible.A. Scientific.C. Original.2. As for the public awareness ofA. worriedC. sur
27、prisedD. Relevant.global collapse, the author isB. puzzledD scared3. What can we learn from this passage?A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.05/11D. The global collapse is well underway.参
28、考答案：这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在 去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的 风险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。1 .词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crise
29、s in the world，s most technologically advanced nations. w（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注， 尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济 危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行， 这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此 刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的; B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C.
30、 Original原来的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根 据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。2 .推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. ” （然而 未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse
31、, ” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future. w（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌 的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全 球崩塌”的重视意识不够，比较担心，A. worried担忧的；B. puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. scared害怕的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，故选A。3 .推理判断题。原文诗歌Man
32、 is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope. 99（人类 是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于无可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险，把头埋进 沙子里，假装不知道，充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. ” （然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好），结合上下文，这里指
33、的是人 们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则提到执着于quieting hope that ignores preparedness. ”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想）,接着又借学者之口，提到Lets look directly into the issue of collapse, “ they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see thereto make the best of a troubling future. w（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我06/11们看到的可能的糟糕情
34、况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可见，上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未 对另一方的观点有任何呈现，理解文章后可知，作者有明显的态度倾向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞 同的，故选B。(B)By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms( 海
35、洋微生 物 phytoplankton. Becausephytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of
36、 phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean? s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an importa
37、nt process that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean? s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkie
38、wicz, a scientist in MIT s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century.In a world that warms up by 3 , it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.The model projects that currently blue areas with littl
39、e phytoplankton could become even bluer.But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, “ she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changi
40、ng. ”And why does that matter?Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experienc
41、es in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. It 11 be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, “ Dutkiewiczsaid, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the
42、 early warning signals that we really have changed our planet. ”What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.1.
43、What does the underlined word “vulnerable“ in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.3. What can we learnfrom the passage?A.Phytoplanktonplay a declining rolein the marine ecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz smodel aims to projectphytoplankton changes.C.Phytoplanktonhave
44、 been used to control global climate.D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D.To i
45、ntroduce a new method to study phytoplankton.参考答案:1： B解析主旨大意题。根据文章前两段的内容可知，这两段主要介绍了海洋颜色发生变化的原因。所 以选B项。2: A 解析 词义猜测题。根据下一句Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth”可知，浮游生物容易受到气候变暖的影响,vulnerable的含义与sensitive最为 接近。所以选A项。3:D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句But in some waters.
46、, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. 可知在某些海域，气候变暖给浮游生 物提供更成熟的条件,而这些水域将会变得更绿。所以选D项。4:C解析写作意图题。通读文章的第一段以及最后一段的内容可知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的就是解 释气候变化对海洋的影响。所以选c项。(C)08/11A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and th
47、e undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. _1_Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. _2_ After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable 一 destroyed by bacteria o
48、r natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants （7亏染物）_3_ That means harmful material may get into our food supply._4_ Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs al