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1、考研外语模拟试题8一、Use of English1、Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But (1)humans, plants can have their temperature (2)from 3, 000 feet away一straight up. A decade ago, (3) the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other sate
2、llites, physicist Stephen Paley (4) a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine (5)ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer (6)target pesticide spraying (7)rain poison on a whole field, which (8) include plants that dont have the pest problem.Even better, Paleys Remote Scannin
3、g Services Company could detect crop problem before they became (9) to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3, 000 fee (10), an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were (11)into a color-coded map showing (12)plants were running fevers”. Farmers could then spot spray, using
4、50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they (13) would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, afterD. inappropriate issuesThe example of asking How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?” is to illustrate that it is indispensable to.A.challenge intolerance when
5、it comes from your childrenB. identify intolerance when children are exposed to itC. support your children when they are the victims of intoleranceD.create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from themAccording to the passage, children are encouraged to join in many
6、activities other than.A. live in homeless shelterB.spend time with eldersC.volunteer at a local soup kitchenD.visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present 5、According to Jennifer Holladay, who are childrens primary role models?A.Their teachers.B.Their parents.C.Their grandparents.D. The
7、ir peers.6、 Every year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the classic European holiday”. The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyre
8、nees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond.There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passage一as well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europes food and wine, its relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is
9、 transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs.There is just one problem. As the Kombis become antique”, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle, in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this
10、deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, offthebeaten-track villages where the real locals live,freedom to not have to book accommodation in advanceyou can nearly always get a campsite and can load yo
11、ur vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around
12、New Zealands cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As co-pilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs一and keep the music playing. Language is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge
13、 is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic and elaborate one-way systems and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work. It can be easier to leave the vehicle on the outskirts of town or in a camping ground and use public transport. This also avoids paying for costly
14、parking.According to the passage, the trip usually starts in.A. FranceB. EnglandC. SpainD. Italy7、The word Kombi (Para. 1) most probably means .A.the name of the tripB.the friend going with youC.the brand of the vanD.the name of a hotelIn the sentence its relatively inexpensive” (Para. 2) it most pr
15、obably refers to.A.the tripB.the transportationC.the accommodationD.the food and wineWhat is the biggest trouble?A. The Kombis become too old.B. Language.C.People may not enjoy the driving experience.D. Finding ones destination is hard for the busy traffic in-cities.10、What is the nationality of the
16、 target readers?A.New ZealandB.EnglandC.FranceD.Spain11 The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know h
17、ow it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word hacker didnt have the negative connotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead.The objectives of early h
18、ackers are a far cry from the goals of todays hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of todays hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game o
19、r sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet.The rate of security attacks is actually outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides the growthof the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about:
20、Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilities一phones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Emp
21、loyees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesnt matter how much you train and educate your employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and
22、intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realities listed above, security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.There are some good security measures you can take: Employ a layer 7, f
23、ull-inspection firewall. Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client. Keep all of your systems and applications updated. Hackers commonly break into a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date. Turn offunne
24、cessary network services. Eliminate all unneeded programs.Scan network for common backdoor services一Use intrusion detection systems, vulnerability scans, anti virus protection.Which of the following statements of Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds is TRUE?A. They are all good examples of t
25、odays computer users.B.They are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent.C. Their goal is to push programs beyond what they are designed to do.D.They are all dead.The word hacker (Para. 1) most probably means“.A. highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologi
26、es used todayB. the negative connotation of those computer usersC. a game, employing the tools that are readily available via the InternetD.people who break into computer systemsWhich of the following is NOT true of security attacks?A. Employees will keep Up with security polices and awarenessif the
27、y are highly-trained.B. The rate of security attacks appears faster than the growth of the Internet.COnes computer system will never be secure.D.Vulnerabilities can go through phones, wireless devices, and network appliances.What is the most important one among the realities listed?A. New vulnerabil
28、ities will be introduced into your environment every day.B. If employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, the manager should educate them about properly Configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs.C. Managers have more responsibi
29、lity than ever.D.Security managers are asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access.Various security measures are recommended EXCEPT.A.turning off network servicesB. employing a full-inspection firewallC. making sure that servers and applications are patchedD. eliminating a
30、ll unneeded programs16、A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meatpackers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packingho
31、uses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-18805 s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880s wer
32、e crucial years in American labor history, and that the packinghouse workers efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform.In fact, other historical sources for the late nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial commun
33、ity, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspec
34、tion Act found the packinghouses unsanitary, while social workers observed thatmost of the workers were poorly paid and overworked. The history may be too optimistic because most of its data date from the 1880s at the latest, and the information provided from that decade is insufficiently analyzed.
35、Conditions actually declined in the 1880s, and continued to decline after the 1880s, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration, in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discu
36、ssed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industrys workers from the 1880s on. While conditions for the former wer
37、e arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The authors misinterpretation of the o
38、rigins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations. The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less theonly three years. Farmers (14) the new technology and long-term backers were hard (15). But wit
39、h the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to (16) into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works. “This technique can be used (17) 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States”, says George Oerther of Te
40、xas A & M, Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks (18) infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But (19)Paley finds the financial backing (20)he failed to obtain 10 years ago.A. asB. withC. likeD.unlike2、(2)A. takenB. takeC. tookD. takin
41、g3、(3)products of the industrial world of the packersthe giant yards and the intricate plants一than of the unity and vibrancy of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable community on Chicagos South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively
42、 confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.The passage is primarily concerned with discussing.A. how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in the Chicago meat- packing industryB. why it is difficult to determine the actual nature of the conditions in th
43、e Chicago meat-packing industryC. why a particular account of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry is inaccurateD. what ought to be included in any account of the Chicago meat-packers rote in the national labor movementThe author of the passage mentions all of the following as describ
44、ing negative conditions in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT.A.data from the University of ChicagoB.a recent history of the meat-packing industryC.social workersD.historical sources for the late nineteenth centuryThe author of the passage mentions the social movement generated by Chicagos South Side
45、community primarily in order to .A. inform, the reader of events that occurred in the meat-packing industry after the period of time covered by the historyB. suggest the historys limitations by pointing out a situation that the history failed to explain adequatelyC. salvage the historys point of vie
46、w by suggesting that there were positive developments in the meat-packing industry due to worker unityD. introduce a new issue designed to elaborate on the good relationship between the meat-packers and Chicagos ethnic communitiesThe author of the passage uses the second paragraph to.A. summarize th
47、e main point of the history discussed in the passageB. explain why the history discussed in the passage has beendisparaged by criticsC. evaluate the findings of recent studies that undermine the premises of the history discussed in the passageD.present evidence that is intended to refute the argumen
48、t of the history discussed in the passageThe tone of the author of the passage in discussing the meat-packer community on Chicagos South Side can best be described as one of .A. appreciation of the communitys ability to cope with difficult conditionsB. admiration for the communitys refusal to cooperate with labor agitatorsC. indignation at the kinds of social conditions the community facedD. annoyance at the communitys inability to abolish discrimination in the meat-packing industry21 Part B (10 points)In the following article, some sentences have been removed. Choose the m