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1、考研外语模拟试题7一、Use of English1 Most of us think we know the kind of kid who becomes a killer, and most of the time were right. Boys (1) about 85% of all youth homicides, and in those cases about 90% (2)a pattern in which the line from bad parenting and bad (3) to murder is usually clear. Their lives sta
2、rt with abuse, neglect and (4) deprivation at home. Add the effects of racism, poverty, the drug and gang cultures, and it is not (5) that in a violent society like ours, (6) children become deadly teens.(7)what about the other 10% of kids who kill: the boys who have (8) parents and are not poor? Ar
3、e their parents to blame when these kids become (9)?Most children do fine while young enough to be (10) by loving parents, but change as adolescents subjected to peer competition, bullying and rejection, (11)in big high schools. The normal culture of adolescence today contains elements that are so n
4、asty that it becomes hard for parents to (12) between what in a teenagers talk, dress and tasteA. cosmetic surgery is worth having though it is costly.B. cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average person.C. cosmetic surgery is beyond the reach of most people.D. cosmetic surgery is extremely
5、expensive.5、It seems that the woman mentioned in the last paragraphA.regrets having the operation.B.hopes to have more operations.C.hesitates in choosing an operation.D.loves her new image.6、The World Wide Web has been steadily creating a widespread surge in social capital through E-mail conversatio
6、ns, chat rooms, newsgroups, and e-zones. These ongoing connections are not an underground phenomenon, but a mainstream movement that is rapidly overwhelming traditional business models, according to the authors of another recent book, The Cluetrain Manifesto. 0ur longing for the Web is rooted in the
7、 deep resentment we feel towards being managed, zz writes co-author David Weinberger, a columnist and commentator on the Webs effect on business. The Cluetrain Manifesto argues that knowledge workers are finding it intolerable that their employers require them to speak in artificial business voices”
8、. The Web has become theideal alternative: a public place where people can converse in their authentic voices”, outside of an organizations official communications channel.Some of the social capital generated by these independent Web conversations is being used by its creators to circumvent the auth
9、ority of corporations. For example, a car owner who thinks he was overcharged for service to his vehicle posts an inquiry to a newsgroup for people who own the same model of ear. Group members respond with their advice and personal experiences of getting their own cars serviced. The newsgroup is not
10、 owned or controlled by the car company. In fact, a mechanic employed by the car company participates in the conversation, offering his knowledge of what charges are reasonable and how company policies vary from dealer to dealer, and even suggesting which dealerships offer the best service.According
11、 to co-author Rick Levine, the mechanic was speaking for his company in a new way: honestly, openly, probably without his bosss explicit sanction. /z In effect, an employee of the company independently joined a network of consumers to directly help satisfy a customer. Companies need to harness this
12、sort of caring and let its viral enthusiasm be communicated in employees own voices, zz writes Levine, former Web Architect forSun Microsystem s Java Software group.As more and more people work online and form. Web relationships, shared knowledge could become increasingly personal in cyberspace. Whe
13、ther business joins in the conversations or not, it seems likely that this fast-growing strain of social capital will remain valuable for those who help to create it.The word overwhelming77 (Paragraph 1) probably meansA.helping with.B. creating by.C.substituting for.D. arising from.Employees like on
14、-line conversation during the business becauseA.they will not be managed and directed by others.B.they call speak whatever they want.C.they are free to choose their own business partner.D.they can have a person-to-person communication.Employees with on-line relationships can benefit the company beca
15、useA.they can offer help to customers as friends.B.they ale good at disguising their real purpose.C.they know how to deceive their on-line friends.D. they can make more selling through their on-line relations.It can be inferred from the passage that the companyA. actually can make use of the persona
16、l on-line relationships.B. breaks the morals ill using personal on-line relationships.C. is forced to use the on-line communication.D.requires its employees to build on-line relationships.According to the passage, what does social capital refer to?A.Personal relationships.B. Web-relationships.C.Corp
17、orate relationships.D.Business relationships.11 Much of the American anxiety about old age is a flight from the reality of death. One of the striking qualities of the American character is the unwillingness to face either the fact or meaning of death. In the more somber tradition of American literat
18、ure一from Hawthorne and Melville and Poe to Faulkner and Hemingway一one finds a tragic depth that disguises the surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes. By an effort of the imagination, the great writers faced problems that the culture in action is reluctant to face一the fact of death
19、, its mystery, and its place in the back-and-forth shuttling of the eternal recurrence. The unblinking confrontation of death in Greek time, the elaborate theological patterns woven around it in the Middle Ages, the ritual celebration of it in the rich, peasant cultures of Latin and Slavic Europe an
20、d in primitive cultures; these are difficult to find in American life.Whether through fear of the emotional depths, or because of a drying up of the floodgates of religious intensity, the American avoids dwelling on death or even coming to terms with it; he finds it morbid and moves back from it, su
21、rrounding it with word avoidance (Americans never die; they pass away)and various taboos of speech and practice. A funeral parlor is decorated to look like a bank; everything in a funeral ceremony is done in hushed tones, as if it were something secret, to be concealed from the world; there is so mu
22、ch emphasis on being dignified that the ceremony often loses its quality: of dignity. In some of the primitive cultures, there is difficulty in under-standing the causes of death; it seems puzzling and even unintelligible. Living in a scientific culture, Americans have a ready enough explanation of
23、how it comes, yet they show littlecapacity to come to terms with the fact of death itself and with the grief that accompanies it.We jubilate over birth and dance at weddings, writes Margaret Mead, “but more and more deal with the death off the scene without ceremony, without an opportunity for young
24、 and old to realize that death is as much a fact of life as is birth. And one may add, even in its hurry and brevity, the last stage of an Americans life m the last occasion of this relation to his society一is as standardized as the rest.Unwillingness to face death isA. a characteristic of American s
25、ociety.B. a quality found in all civilizations.C. a quality inherited from our Latin ancestors.D.a quality of the American character.12、In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville, one will findA.ordinary American death attitudes.B. a willingness to accept death as a fact of life.C.a superficial attitud
26、e toward death.D. the foundation of modern American beliefs about death.13、What is/was peoples attitude towords death?A. In American life, people hardly mention the death.B. In the Middle Ages, death was surrounded by respect.C. In primitive cultures, death was faced with awe.D. In Greek times, peop
27、le, were afraid of facing death.In the authors opinion, Americans refuse to dwell on the idea of deathA. out of fear of the emotional depths.B. because they are no longer intensely religious.C. because they are materialists.D.either out of dread or lack of religious beliefs.Margaret Mead suggests th
28、atA.we should not rejoice at a birth.B.we should cry at a birth and rejoice at a funeral.C. a wedding should be solemn affair.D. death should be accepted in the same spirit as marriage and birth.16 In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer一government or private一should have li
29、ttle or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However if there is discrimination against one sex, it isunlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differ
30、entials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effec
31、t on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would by 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in
32、 an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimina
33、tion on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: privateemployees, government employees, and self-employed (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoi
34、d picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities). Browns research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and wo
35、men are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In add
36、ition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchs argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of wo
37、men than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. Theresults do not prove that government does not discriminate against women.
38、They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on womens earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by A.giving an example.B.justifying an assumption.C.explai
39、ning a theory.D. making a comparison.The passage explicitly answers the questionA. why suppliers discriminate against self-employees.B. why Black workers were excluded from the sample used in Browns study.C. why private employers discriminate more against women than government employers do.D. why se
40、lf-employed women have more difficulty in hiring high-quality employees.A study of practices of financial institutions with no discrimination against self-employed women would tend toin music, films and video games indicates (13)trouble and what is simply a (14) of the times. Most kids who have mult
41、iple body piercing, or listen to Marilyn Manson, or play the video games are normal kids caught in a toxic (15) Intelligent kids with good social skills can be quite skillful at hiding who they really are from their parents. They may do this to (16) punishment, to escape being identified as crazy，or
42、 to protect the parents they love from being (17) or worried. Anyway, how many parents are (18)of thinking the worst of their son一(19), that he harbors murders fantasies, or that he could (20)so far as acting them out.A.completeB.commitC. submitD.perform2、A. conform, toB. comply withC.agree withD.ap
43、ply to3、(3)contradictA.Fuchs hypothesis.B. Sanborns hypothesis.C.a suggestion made by the author.D. some explicit results of Browns study.The author would be most likely to agree thatA.private employers discriminate against women, but government employers do not discriminate.8. private employers dis
44、criminate against women and it is possible that government employers discriminate too.C.both private and government employers discriminate with equal effects on womens earnings.D.both private and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on w
45、omens earnings.It can be inferred that the statements in the last paragraph are most probablyA. Brown，s tentative inferences from his data.BBrowns conclusions based on common sense reasoning.C. the authors criticisms of Fuchs argument which are basedon Brown5 s results.D. the authors conclusions whi
46、ch are based on Fuchs and Browns results.19、 Part B (10 points)You are going to read an article which is followed by a list of examples or headings. Choose the most suitable one from the list A-F for each numbered position (41-45). There may be certain extra which you do not need to use. (10 points)
47、A. Message transmission in the body from the chemical perspectiveB. How food influences mood and mindC. Substances contained in some foods can improve brainpowerD. An example of the influence of food on mind and moodE. Food produces chemical messengers in the brainF. The effects and application of n
48、eurotransmittersHippocrates, the Father of Medicine”, said, “Let your food be your medicine, and let your medicine be your food. For a Greek born in the fifth century B. C. , Hippocrates was wise beyond his time. Today, we know that a low-fat diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables strengthens the immune system and reduces the risk of cancer, heart disease, and stroke. But, Hippocrates, lend an ear! Theres more to the story. Newevidence suggests that food may influence how healthy people think and feel. Were he alive today, Hippocrates might look back to his last