2023年考研外语押题预测卷8.docx

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1、考研外语押题预测卷8一、Use of English1、 Everything seemed to have become a weapon of war. Our enemies had (1) the most familiar objects (2) us, turned shaving kits into holsters and airplanes (3) missiles and soccer coaches and newlyweds into involuntary suicide bombers. So it was (4) the President and his gen

2、erals to plot the response.That is because we are (5)one enemy but two: one unseen, the other inside. Terror on this scale (6) to wreck the way we live our lives make us flinch when a siren sounds, (7) when a door slams and think twice before deciding (8)we really have to take a plane. If we falter,

3、 they win, (9) they never plant another bomb. So after the early helplessness, what can I do? Ive already given blood-people started to realize that (10) they could do was exactly, as precisely as possible, (11)they would have done if all this (12).That was the spirit (13)in New York and Washington

4、and all across the country, faith and fear and resolve in a tightTo save energy, cooks and kitchen managers should receive.A.cooking technique educationB.energy-saving educationC. comprehensive educationD. capital investment educationFood is so fundamental to human life that.A. we should reduce ener

5、gy wastagesB. many people take it for grantedC.cooking equipment is importantD. intellectuals pay great attention to it6、Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the Nor

6、th American Indians produce pemmican, the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dry dates and apricot leather.All foods contain water-cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending

7、 on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria that cause food to deteriorate is checked.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and otherMediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit

8、 is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution i

9、n order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110 at entry to a

10、bout 43 at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. I

11、n the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes;/z in the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Whererecognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in

12、 soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have

13、little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.The shrimps contain as much water as.A. 75%B. 93%C. 23%D. 85%How is the fruit sun-dried in South Africa?A. It is

14、made into raisins and currants.B.It is spread out in an alkaline solution.C.It is exposed to the fumes, of burning sulfur.D.It is put on trays in dry place in the hot sun.Contemporarily the minced meat is most commonly dried.1、 in the sun and wind8、 in bet-air chamberC.on the open-air traysD.over a

15、hot steel cylinderHow is the powdered milk made according to the passage?A.By passing through a grinding machine.B. In the same way as vegetables and fish.C. With the help of the small and coarse flakes.D. Through pouring it over a heated horizontal cylinder.Housewives like dried foods because .A.th

16、ey are quick to prepareB.they weigh less than the same canned foodsC.they are much better than the frozen foodsD.they can be replaced by moisture with boiling water11 Every year 100 million holiday-makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With one third of the worlds tourist trade, it is the most popu

17、lar of all the holiday destinations: it is also the most polluted.It has only 1 percent of the worlds sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousandsof factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast s

18、luices its sewage, untreated, into the sea.The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill-the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the population does not merely stifle the life of the sea-it threatens

19、 the people who inhabit and visit its shores.Typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis and food poisoning are endemic in the area, and there are periodic outbreaks of cholera.The mournful litany of disease is caused by sewage. Eight-five percent of the waste from the Mediterranean5 s 1

20、20 coastal cities is pushed out into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore. Less than 100, 000 of Greece5 s four million

21、coastal people have their sewage properly treated-and Greece, is one of the cleaner countries of the northern shore.The worst parts of the sea are Israeli/Lebanon coast and between Barcelona and Genoa, which flushes out over 200 tons of sewage14each year for every mile of its length.Not surprisingly

22、, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesnt take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfit of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientist

23、s say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.An even greater danger lurks in the seductive seafood dishes that add so much interest to holiday menu. Shellfish are prime carriers of many of the most vicious diseases of the area. They often grow amid pollution.

24、And even if they dont they are frequently infected by the popular practice of freshening them up throwing filthy water over them in markets.Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant. They do as much damage t

25、o the sea as sewage. Fifteen thousand factories foul the Italian Lihurian Riviera. Sixty thousand pollute the Tyrrhenian Sea between Sardinia, Sicily and the west Italian coast! The lagoon of Venice alone receives the effluents of 76 factories.Thousands of tons of pesticides are blown off the fields

26、 intothe sea, detergents from millions of sinks kill fish, and fertilizers, flushed out to sea, nourish explosions of plankton which cover bathers with itchy slime.Then there is the oil-130, 000 tons pouring each year from ships, 115,000 tons more from industries round the shore. Recent studies show

27、 that the Mediterranean is four times as polluted as the north Atlantic, 20 times as bad as the north-east Pacific. Apart from the nine-mile-wide Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean is landlocked, virtually unable to cleanse itself. It takes 80 years for the water to be renewed, through the narro

28、w, shallow straits, far too slow a process to cope with the remorseless rush of pollution.According to the passage, the Mediterranean.A. accounts for one-third of the worlds tourist populationB. is the most polluted area on earthC. has only 1 percent of the worlds surfaceD. is the most polluted sea

29、in the worldWhat advice is given to tourists according to the text?A.Shellfish are prime dishes for tourists.B.It is very risky to go for a swim in the Mediterranean.C.The seafood dishes are very appetizing to take.,A目16D. It is very dangerous to eat shellfish.Judging from the context, the word lurk

30、(Line 1, Para. 9) probably means.A.to exist unseenB.to wait quietlyC.to attract greatlyD. to move irregularlyAccording to the passage, all the following may cause damage to the sea EXCEPTA.sewageB.pesticidesC.detergents and fertilizersD.plankton which cover bathers with itchy slimeIt may be inferred

31、 that the Mediterranean is.A. landlocked by the nine-mile-wide Strait of GibraltarB. four times as polluted by oil as the north AtlanticC. a victim of tourism, sewage and industryD. the worst polluted area in the world16 It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaningof the term social class

32、In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to place a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress,

33、 way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.In the eighteenth-century one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the whole annual produce of the land and labor of every country provided revenue to three different orders of

34、people: Those who live by rent, those who live by wages, those who live by profit”. Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated.Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth-century between the upper middle class and the working cl

35、ass. There were small-scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.During the nine

36、teenth and early twentieth centuries thepossession of wealth inevitably affected a persons social position. Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than their working-class parents. But they lacked the social training

37、 of the upper class, who despised them as the “new rich”.They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to acquire social training. Here their children mixed with the children of the upper classes were accepted by them, and very often found marriage partners from among them. In the same

38、 way, a thrifty, hardworking labourer, though not clever enough himself, might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school education in the hope that he would move into a white-collars occupation, carrying with it a higher salary and move up in the social scale.In the twentieth c

39、entury the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social services, and the wider development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of wealth, power and education, though inherite

40、d social position still carries considerable prestige.braid. Because the killers who hate us did the (14), nothing is unthinkable now. A plume of grill smoke venting from a Manhattan steak house (15) the evacuation of midtown office towers. After the Pentagon (16), generals called their families and

41、 told them (17)the water, it could be poisoned. Sales of guns and gas masks spiked. The National Football League (18)its games for the first time ever; bomb scares emptied 90 sites on Thursday in New York City (19) People wore sneakers with their suits (20)they had to fly fast down the stairs.A. use

42、dB.changeC. appliedD. turned2、(2)A. fightB.struggleC. againstD.opposite3、A. toB. out,A目 2Many people today are hostile towards class distinctions and privileges and hope to achieve a classless society. The trouble is that as one inequality is removed, another tends to take its place, and the best th

43、at has as far been attempted is a society in which distinctions are elastic and in which every member has fair opportunities for making the best of his abilities.How do we place people in society in relation to ourselves, according to the text?A. Mainly by their way of speaking.B. According to the p

44、lace where they were born.C. By regarding them inferior to ourselves.D. According to a complex mixture of factors.Adam Smiths social make-up was invalidated by.A.the growing-up of upper middle classB.the successive stages of the industrial revolutionC.the influence of the working classD.the inherita

45、nce of social positionsWhich class do small shopkeepers and tradesmen belong to?A. Working class.B.Middle class.C. Upper class.D.Upper middle class.Which of the following statements does NOT truly describe the new rich?A.They sent their children to special schools to receive education.B.They were la

46、ck of social training of the aristocracy.C. They were often men of initiative and intelligence.D. They did not allow their children to marry the upper class.What happened to the class differences in the twentieth century?A. They have been partly smoothed out.B. They increased taxation of higher inco

47、mes.C. They have made the social services grow.D. They widely enhanced the education development.21 Part B (10 points)The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G. Some

48、of the paragraphs have been placed for you. (10 points)A. Globalization, comprehensive term for the emergence of a global society in which economic, political, environmental, and cultural events in one part of the world quickly come to have significance for people in other parts of the world. Globalization is the result of advances in communication, transportation, and information technologies. It describes the growing economic, political, technological, and cultural linkages that connect individuals, communities, businesses, and governments around the world. Globalization also involves the g

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