《圣经与西方文化-PPT.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《圣经与西方文化-PPT.ppt（64页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、BasicFactsabouttheBibleAverybriefintroductionv TrueorFalse?v Amongallthereligions,Christianity(基督教)hasthelargestnumberofadherents.()v ChristianityandCatholicism(天主教)aredifferentreligiousgroups.()v TheBibleisonlyonebook.()v TheBibleconsistsoftwoparts,thatis,OldTestamentandNewTestament.()v Boththetwop
2、artsareconsideredholytobothChristiansandJews.()v Protestants(新教徒)andRomanCatholics(天主教徒)usethesameversionoftheOldTestament.()v Besidesstories,theBiblealsoincludesmanyotherformsofliterature.()MajorReligionsoftheWorldRankedbyNumberofAdherents(figuresshownareapproximateestimates)1.Christianity 基督教2.1bi
3、llion2.Islam 伊斯兰教1.5billion3.Non-religious 无宗教者1.1billion4.Hinduism 印度教900million5.Chinesetraditionalreligion 中国传统宗教394million6.Buddhism 佛教376million7.primal-indigenous 土著信仰300million8.Sikhism 锡克教23million9.Judaism 犹太教14millionBranchesofChristianityv Christianity:thereligionofallChristians.v Therear
4、ethreemajorbranchesofChristianity:theRomanCatholicChurch(天主教),theEasternOrthodoxChurches(东正教)andProtestantChurches（新教）.v Orthodoxadj(esp religion 尤用於宗教)followingtheolder,moretraditional,practicesstrictly 正统的;传统的;循规蹈矩的:orthodox Jews 正统的犹太教徒.v Catholicadj 1.includingmanyormostthings;general;universal
5、包罗万象的;广泛的;普遍的:have catholic tastes,interests,views,etc 广泛的爱好 兴趣 意见等.v 2.(technical)connectedwithallChristiansorthewholeChristianChurchv Protestantn,adj(member)ofanyoftheChristianbodiesthatseparatedfromtheChurchofRomeinthe16thcentury,oroftheirbranchesformedlater 新教徒（指16 世纪脱离罗马天主教之基督教团体或後来由其形成的教派成员）;新
6、教（徒）的BasicFactsabouttheBiblev TheBible:sacred,holywritingsoftheChristianreligionv abookthatcanbefoundalmostanywhereontheearth.v translatedintomorethan2000differentlanguagesanddialects.v theworldsmostpopularbook.v EveryyearmorecopiesoftheBiblearesoldthananyotherpublication.thenumberofsalesisincreasin
7、g.BasicFactsabouttheBiblev TillDecember31,2008,theBiblehasbeentranslatedinto2479languages.v In2008,28,448,325copiesoftheBibleweresold.WhereistheBibleAvailable?v Papercopy:inchurchesv Electronicform:ontheInternetv ManydifferentEnglishtranslationsv KJV:KingJamesVersion（AuthorizedVersion）詹姆斯王本圣经，英文钦定译本
8、v Simple,beautiful,dignifiedandpowerfullanguage,praisedas“thenoblestmonumentofEnglishprose”英语散文的纪念碑v EarlyModernEnglish,早期現代英文differentgrammarandwords,difficulttounderstandOriginoftheWord“Bible”v Bible:Language:OldFrench;Origin:Medieval Latinbiblia,fromGreek,pluralofbiblionbookv Therefore“bible”mean
9、sacollectionofbooks.v 图书馆bibliotheque,bibliothekv Bibliography 书目WhenwastheBiblewritten?v TheBible:oneoftheworldsoldestbooks.v Theoldestbookwaswrittenabout1500B.C.orearlier.ThelastwaswrittenaboutA.D.100.v TheBiblewaswrittenoveraperiodofatleast1500years.v BC=beforeChristusedafteradatetoshowthatitwasb
10、eforethebirthofChrist公元前v AD=AnnoDomini(intheyearofourLord.)usedtoshowthatadateisaparticularnumberofyearsafterthebirthofChrist 公元.年v C.E.AmECommonErausedafteradatetoshowitwasafterthebirthofChrist=ADv B.C.E.AmEbeforecommonerausedafteradatetoshowthatitisbeforethebirthofChristv Soundlessreligious,criti
11、cizedCristoRedentororChristtheRedeemer.RiodeJaneiro,BrazilAuthorsoftheBiblev Clearly,theBiblewasnotwrittenbyoneperson.Why?v Itwaswrittenoveraperiodofabout1600years.v Itisestimatedtherewereaboutfortyauthorsfromdifferentwalksoflife.v Shepherdsv Kingsv Fishermenv Peasantsv Doctorsv Tax-collectorsv They
12、camefromAsia,EuropeandAfrica.v DirectlyorindirectlytheauthorsassertthatwhattheywerewritingreallycamefromGod.ComponentsoftheBiblev TheBibleiscomprisedof66bookswithtwomajordivisions:theOldTestament(39books)andtheNewTestament(27books).TheOldTestamentv WellbeforethetimeofChristtheJewshadalreadyfinisheda
13、ssemblingthedivinelyinspiredwritingsoftheHebrews.Itisacollectionof39books.v TheOldTestament:alsocalledtheJewishBibleorHebrewBible.ItispartoftheBiblethatisholytotheJewishreligion.v MostofitwasoriginallywritteninHebrew,thelanguageoftheancientJewishpeople.TheOldTestament39booksv AllwrittenbeforeJesusca
14、me.v 1400-400B.C.v“Testament”means“covenantoragreement”v TheOldCovenantisanagreementthatGodmadewiththenationofIsraelv TheOldTestamentwaswritteninHebrewthelanguageofIsraelModern Map of Same AreaTheNewTestamentv FollowingChristslifeonearth,additionalsacredbookswerewritten.v Someofthesebooksrecordhisto
15、ricaleventspertainingtoChristandHisearlyfollowers.v OthersareletterswrittentoexplainChriststeachingortoencouragethefollowersofChristtopracticethemoralprinciplesHetaught.v Thereare27booksinthislatercollection.v TogethertheyformtheNew Testament.v TheNewTestamentisholyonlytoChristians.TheOldTestament39
16、booksv Allwritten400yearsbeforeJesusbirthv 1400-400B.C.v“Testament”means“covenantoragreement”v TheOldCovenantisanagreementthatGodmadewiththenationofISRAELv TheOldTestamentwaswritteninHebrewthelanguageofIsraelv AllwrittenAFTERhisdeathv 48-65A.D.v TheNewCovenantisanagreementthatGodhasmadeforALLNATIONS
17、v TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekThe New Testament 27 booksCompositionoftheOldTestament(LiteraryStylesfoundintheOldTestament)TheOldTestamenthasfourmajordivisions:(1)theLaw-5books;(2)History-12books;(3)Poetry-5books;and,(4)Prophecy-17books.Torahnoun(usuallytheTorah)(inJudaism)thelawofGodasgiventoMos
18、esandrecordedinthefirstfivebooksoftheBible 律法，圣经旧约之首五卷,摩西五书BabylonianExile:巴比伦之囚CompositionoftheNewTestament(LiteraryStylesFoundintheNewTestament)v Similarly,theNewTestamenthasfourmajordivisions:v(1)theGospels-4books;v Gospel:aGreekwordfor“goodnews”福音书v thelifeandteachingofJesus 耶稣生平及其教导v(2)theActso
19、ftheApostles-1book;v Apostle：anyofthetwelvemensentoutbyChristtospreadhisteaching 使徒（基督为宣传他的教导而派出的十二位门徒之一）.v(3)theEpistles-21books;v epistlen letter 书信:v(4)theRevelationoftheLordJesusChrist-1book.v 启示录DifferencesintheBiblesv TheversionoftheOldTestamentusedbyRomanCatholicsistheJewishBiblewithsomeother
20、booksandadditionstothebooks.v TheversionoftheOldTestamentusedbyProtestantsislimitedtothe39booksoftheJewishBible.v TheotherbooksandadditionstothebooksarecalledtheApocrypha(伪经、后典)byProtestants.Genesis1.TheStoryoftheCreationTheCreationoftheWorldv AccordingtoGenesis,thefirstbookoftheBible,Godcreatedthew
21、orldinsixdays.TheFirstDayv Godfirstcreatedlight.v Hesaid,“Lettherebelight”,andtherewaslight.v Goddividedthelightfromthedarknessandmadedayandnight.TheSecondDayv Goddividedtheskyfromtheearth,andputoneontopoftheother.v God said Let there be an expanse to separate water from water v Godcalledtheexpanses
22、ky.expansen(ofsth)wideandopenarea(ofland,sea,etc)（陆地 海洋等的）广阔的区域:the blue expanses of the sky 广阔的蓝天.TheThirdDayv Godgatheredallthewatertogethertomaketheseas,sothatdrylandappeared.v Hemadegrassgrowontheland,plantsgiveseedsandtreesbearfruit.TheFourthDayv Godspentthefourthdaycreatingthesun,themoonandsta
23、rstoshineinthesky.TheFifthDayv Goddevotedthefifthdaytothecreationofseaanimalsandbirdsflyinginthesky.TheSixthDayv Godmadelandanimalsandhumanbeings.TheSeventhDayv Godstoppedworkingandmadethedayholy,becausehehadarestontheday.v Reservingadayforrestandworship,theSabbath(安息日),becameoneoftheTenCommandments
24、(Exodus20:8-11).v Thereismoretolifethanjustwork.Genesis2.TheStoryofAdamandEvev Gen2:7theLORDGodformedthemanfromthedustofthegroundandbreathedintohisnostrilsthebreathoflife,andthemanbecamealivingbeing.v theGardenofEden.treeswithdeliciousfruitv Rightinthemiddleofthegardenwerethetreeoflifeandthetreeofth
25、eknowledgeofgoodandevil.“v Then,v Gen2:15TheLORDGodtookthemanandputhimintheGardenofEdentoworkitandtakecareofit.v Gen2:16AndtheLORDGodcommandedtheman,Youarefreetoeatfromanytreeinthegarden;v Gen2:17butyoumustnoteatfromthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevil,forwhenyoueatofityouwillsurelydie.“v ThenGodsawth
26、atAdamwaslonely.GodputAdamintoadeepsleepandtookoneofhisribsandformeditintoawomantobeAdamswife.Adamnamedher“Eve”.v Questions:v 1.Dowomenhavemoreribsthanmen?v 2.WereAdamandEveallowedtoeatthefruitofthetreeoflife?v 1.NO.Theybothhavetwelvepairs.v 2.Yes.Theywereallowedtodoso.MaleSkeletonX-RayofFemaleRibsv
27、 theserpent;trickyanddeceitful.v Thesnakesaidtothewoman,Whynoteatthefruitofthetreeofknowledge?Youwillnotdie,andyouwillbecomeaswiseasgods.v Sothewomanpickedthefruitofthetreeandatesome,andgaveittothemanandheatesometoo.v Thensuddenlytheybecamewiserandknewthattheywerenaked.Sotheysewedfigleavestogetherto
28、coverthemselves.v Godsawthis,andknewthattheyhadeatentheforbiddenfruit.v Godpunishedtheserpent;tocrawlontheirbellies,eatdustandbeenemiesofmankind.v GodpunishedAdamandEve,v theirliveshard.v Menwouldhavetostruggleandsweatfortheirexistence.v Tothewomanhesaid,Iwillgreatlyincreaseyourpainsinchildbearing;w
29、ithpainyouwillgivebirthtochildren.Yourdesirewillbeforyourhusband,andhewillruleoveryou.v GodmadethemleavetheGardenofEden,sothattheymightnoteatfruitfromthetreeoflifeandliveforever.v Gen3:24Afterhedrovethemanout,heplacedontheeastsideoftheGardenofEdencherubimandaflamingswordflashingbackandforthtoguardth
30、ewaytothetreeoflife.v Questions:v 1.WhycouldtheserpentspeaktoEve?v 2.Wastheforbiddenfruitanapple?v 3.Godsaidtheywoulddiewhentheyatetheforbiddenfruit,buttheydidnt.WasGodlyingtothem?v 1.TheserpentinGenesischapter3wasSatan.Satanwaseitherappearingasaserpent,possessingtheserpent,ordeceivingAdamandEveinto
31、believingthatitwastheserpentwhowastalkingtothem.Serpents/snakesdonotpossesstheabilitytospeak.v 2.Thefruitofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilisoftenpicturedasanapple,buttheBibleneversayswhatitwas.v 3.v kjv:Butofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevil,thoushaltnoteatofit:forinthedaythatthoueatestthereofth
32、oushaltsurelydie.v esv:butofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilyoushallnoteat,forinthedaythatyoueatofityoushallsurelydie.“v cuv:“只是分别善恶树上的果子，你不可吃，因为你吃的日子必定死！”v Gen5:1ThisisthewrittenaccountofAdamsline.WhenGodcreatedman,hemadehiminthelikenessofGod.v Gen5:2Hecreatedthemmaleandfemaleandblessedthem.Andwh
33、entheywerecreated,hecalledthemman.v Gen5:3WhenAdamhadlived130years,hehadasoninhisownlikeness,inhisownimage;andhenamedhimSeth.v Gen5:4AfterSethwasborn,Adamlived800yearsandhadothersonsanddaughters.v Gen5:5Altogether,Adamlived930years,andthenhedied.v Gen5:6WhenSethhadlived105years,hebecamethefatherofEn
34、osh.v Gen5:7AndafterhebecamethefatherofEnosh,Sethlived807yearsandhadothersonsanddaughters.v Gen5:8Altogether,Sethlived912years,andthenhedied.v Gen5:9WhenEnoshhadlived90years,hebecamethefatherofKenan.v Gen5:10AndafterhebecamethefatherofKenan,Enoshlived815yearsandhadothersonsanddaughters.v Gen5:11Alto
35、gether,Enoshlived905years,andthenhedied.v 诗篇(Psalms)v Psa90:4Forathousandyearsinyoursightarelikeadaythathasjustgonebyv Altogether,Adamlived930years,andthenhedied.Angelsv Originoftheword:Greekangelos,literally,messengerv MentionedhundredsoftimesintheBible.v SendmessagesforGod,orcarryouthisplantosaveh
36、ispeopleordestroythewicked.Travelattremendousspeeds.Angelsv Thebest-knownexampleoftheirfunctionasmessengers:v theannunciationbytheAngelGabriel(加百列)totheVirginMaryofthebirthofChrist.Angelsv MentionedfarmoretimesinRevelationthananyotherbookoftheBible.v InnumerableangelswereseenaroundthethroneofGod;sev
37、enblewtheirseventrumpetswhileanothersevenpouredoutthesevenbowlsofGodsanger.Angelsv Christianitydevelopedveryelaboratedoctrinesaboutangels:v TheywerecreatedbyGodandtheydonotmarryorhavechildren.v Theyhaveagreatermentalcapacitythanman.Manis“alittlelowerthanangels”.v Theyaresuperhumaninpower.Classificat
38、ionofAngelsv IntheMiddleAgesitwasbelievedthattherewerenineordersofangels:v 1.Thereare3mainhierarchies.2.Eachmainhierarchycontains3orders.ClassificationofAngelsv Thehighesthierarchyincludestheorderof(indescendingorder)v a)Seraphim(seraph)炽天使v b)Cherubim(cherub)智天使v c)Thrones 座天使AseraphangelClassifica
39、tionofAngelsv Themiddlehierarchyincludestheorderofa)Dominions 主天使b)Virtues 力天使c)Powers 能天使v Thelowesthierarchyincludestheorderofa)Principalities 权天使b)Archangels 大天使c)Angels 天使v Sevenarchangelsaretheleadersofangels.ThreeofthemarenamedintheBible:Gabriel,MichaelandRaphaelArchangelMichael米迦勒ArchangelRap
40、hael拉斐尔Satanv InJudaismandChristianity:Satan,alsocalledDevil,anevilspiritthatopposesGodorgoodspirits.Satantemptspeopletobewicked.v IntheBookofJoboftheOldTestament,SatanisaservantofGod.v Specialfunction:totestthevirtuesofmenbytrialsandsufferings.Satanv BythetimeoftheNewTestament:seenastheenemyofGodan
41、donewhohadbeendrivenoutofheaven.v SatanwasidentifiedwithLucifer(路西法),anangelwhotriedtorebelagainstGodandsofellfromHeaven.Luciferv sonofthemorning,“morningstar”,金星v BecamejealousofGodv Wasperfectuntilhissinv BecameproudofhisbeautyandgloryinsteadofglorifyingGodhisCreatorv SinnedinhisheartLuciferv trie
42、dtorebelagainstGodandsofellfromHeaven.v Wascastoutofheavenandtookone-thirdofalltheangelswithhimv HeissupposedtobetherulerofHell.v Hisfollowers,calleddevils,werelesserangelswhofellwithhim.IdiomsfromGenesisChapter2&3v 1.GardenofEden(Gen.2:1517)v Edenn alsotheGardenofEdensingularintheBiblestory,thegard
43、enwhereAdamandEve,thefirsthumanslived,oftenseenasaplaceofhappinessandinnocence.人间天堂，乐园v ThecityisaremoteandbeautifulEden.v Life is no garden of Eden(ieisunpleasant)at the moment.现时的生活并非世外桃源.2.Boneoftheboneandfleshoftheflesh(Gen.2:2123)v Boneofbonesandfleshofflesh 血肉相连，至亲骨肉v Everybodyagreesthecompete
44、ntshouldbepromoted.Andhisboneofbonesandfleshofflesharenotsoincompetent,andtheyaremucheasierthanotherstogetpromoted.v Ihaveneverthoughtthattheyshouldbecomesuchgoodboneofbonesandfleshoffleshofeachother.v 我从来没想到他们俩会成为如此恩爱的一对夫妻。3.AdamandEve(Gen.2:7;2122)v AdamandEve 祖先，人类始祖v Thereisatendencyoflongevityo
45、nhismothersside.BothhisgrandpaandgrandmalivedtobeoverninetylivedtobeAdamandEve,astheysay.v 他母亲那一边的人有长寿倾向。他外公外婆都活到九十多像别人说的，都活成老祖宗了。4.Adamsprofession(Gen.2:15)v Adamsprofession 园艺，耕种v HehasalwaysbeenthinkingofengaginginAdamsprofessionwhenheretires.v 他一直在想，当他退休了，他就种种花，养养草。v Whatsyourfather?v HeisinAdam
46、sprofessionbackinthehomevillage.v 他在老家务农。5.Figleaves(Gen.3:67)v Figleaves 无花果树的叶子，遮羞布v ComeandseethepictureofTominhisbabyhood-withoutevenafigleafon.v 快来看TOM 婴儿时候的照片-光着屁股照的。6.CurseofAdam(Gen.3:17)v CurseofAdam 亚当遭诅咒，为生活奔波v ThoughthepoorcoupleweresufferingfromthecurseofAdam,theyfoundithardtomakebothen
47、dsmeet.v 虽然这对可怜的夫妇为生活拼命的奔波，还是发现很难做到收支相抵。v HisfatherdiedyoungandthecurseofAdamkepthimfromcontinuinghisschoolingashehadtohelphismothersupportabigfamily.v 他父亲很年轻就去世了。生活的艰辛使他不能继续上学，他得帮母亲养活一大家子。7.Forbiddenfruit(Gen.3:15)v Forbiddenfruit 禁果，因被禁而更想得到的东西v Itoldmysonhewasnotallowedtoeatice-creamashewashaving
48、acold,butheatemorethanusual.v-Well,forbiddenfruittastesbetter;andthisisespeciallytrueforkids.v 我告诉我的儿子他正患感冒，不能吃冰激凌，但他吃的反而比平时还多。v-越是不让就越想要，小孩尤其是这样v Bythesweatofyourbrow(inthesweatofyourface)youshalleatbreadtillyoureturntotheground,foroutofityouweretaken;fordustyouare,andtodustyoushallreturn.(Gen.3:19
49、)v 你必须汗流满面才得糊口，直到你归了土，因为你是自土而出的。你本是尘土，仍要归于尘土。8.Bythesweatofonesbrow/Inthesweatofonesfacev Bythesweatofonesbrow/Inthesweatofonesface眉毛流汗、汗流满面 喻意：用血汗挣来的；凭勤劳谋生。v 1.whatitneedstoaccomplishanythingisthesweatofthebrow,butnotemptytalk.v 要成就任何事情，需要的是艰苦的努力，而非空谈。v 2.Inthesweatoftheirface,thepeasantcouplesenta
50、lltheirchildrentouniversity.v 这对农民夫妇勤挣苦做，终于把几个孩子送进了大学。9.Fordustyouare,andtodustyoushallreturn.v Fordustyouare,andtodustyoushallreturn.本是尘土，仍要归于尘土;死亡，逝世；v Whenhisfatherreturnedtodust,heinheritedthehouse.v 他父亲去世后，他就继承了房子。v Iseenopointaccumulatingmaterialpossessionsinthesweatofonesface.Afterall,fordust