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1、圣经与西方文化vTrueorFalse?vAmongallthereligions,Christianity(基督教)hasthelargestnumberofadherents.()vChristianityandCatholicism(天主教)aredifferentreligiousgroups.()vTheBibleisonlyonebook.()vTheBibleconsistsoftwoparts,thatis,OldTestamentandNewTestament.()vBoththetwopartsareconsideredholytobothChristiansandJews
2、.()vProtestants(新教徒)andRomanCatholics(天主教徒)usethesameversionoftheOldTestament.()vBesidesstories,theBiblealsoincludesmanyotherformsofliterature.()BasicFactsabouttheBiblevTheBible:sacred,holywritingsoftheChristianreligionvabookthatcanbefoundalmostanywhereontheearth.vtranslatedintomorethan2000different
3、languagesanddialects.vtheworldsmostpopularbook.vEveryyearmorecopiesoftheBiblearesoldthananyotherpublication.thenumberofsalesisincreasing.BasicFactsabouttheBiblevTillDecember31,2008,theBiblehasbeentranslatedinto2479languages.vIn2008,28,448,325copiesoftheBibleweresold.WhereistheBibleAvailable?vPaperco
4、py:inchurchesvElectronicform:ontheInternetvManydifferentEnglishtranslationsvKJV:KingJamesVersion（AuthorizedVersion）詹姆斯王本圣经，英文钦定译本vSimple,beautiful,dignifiedandpowerfullanguage,praisedas“thenoblestmonumentofEnglishprose”英语散文的纪念碑vEarlyModernEnglish,早期現代英文differentgrammarandwords,difficulttounderstandO
5、riginoftheWord“Bible”vBible:Language:OldFrench;Origin:Medieval Latinbiblia,fromGreek,pluralofbiblionbookvTherefore“bible”meansacollectionofbooks.v图书馆bibliotheque,bibliothekvBibliography书目WhenwastheBiblewritten?vTheBible:oneoftheworldsoldestbooks.vTheoldestbookwaswrittenabout1500B.C.orearlier.Thelast
6、waswrittenaboutA.D.100.vTheBiblewaswrittenoveraperiodofatleast1500years.vBC=beforeChristusedafteradatetoshowthatitwasbeforethebirthofChrist公元前vAD=AnnoDomini(intheyearofourLord.)usedtoshowthatadateisaparticularnumberofyearsafterthebirthofChrist公元.年vC.E.AmECommonErausedafteradatetoshowitwasafterthebir
7、thofChrist=ADvB.C.E.AmEbeforecommonerausedafteradatetoshowthatitisbeforethebirthofChristvSoundlessreligious,criticizedCristoRedentororChristtheRedeemer.RiodeJaneiro,BrazilAuthorsoftheBiblevClearly,theBiblewasnotwrittenbyoneperson.Why?vItwaswrittenoveraperiodofabout1600years.vItisestimatedtherewereab
8、outfortyauthorsfromdifferentwalksoflife.vShepherdsvKingsvFishermenvPeasantsvDoctorsvTax-collectorsvTheycamefromAsia,EuropeandAfrica.vDirectlyorindirectlytheauthorsassertthatwhattheywerewritingreallycamefromGod.ComponentsoftheBiblevTheBibleiscomprisedof66bookswithtwomajordivisions:theOldTestament(39b
9、ooks)andtheNewTestament(27books).TheOldTestamentvWellbeforethetimeofChristtheJewshadalreadyfinishedassemblingthedivinelyinspiredwritingsoftheHebrews.Itisacollectionof39books.vTheOldTestament:alsocalledtheJewishBibleorHebrewBible.ItispartoftheBiblethatisholytotheJewishreligion.vMostofitwasoriginallyw
10、ritteninHebrew,thelanguageoftheancientJewishpeople.TheOldTestament39booksvAllwrittenbeforeJesuscame.v1400-400B.C.v“Testament”means“covenantoragreement”vTheOldCovenantisanagreementthatGodmadewiththenationofIsraelvTheOldTestamentwaswritteninHebrewthelanguageofIsraelModern Map of Same AreaTheNewTestame
11、ntvFollowingChristslifeonearth,additionalsacredbookswerewritten.vSomeofthesebooksrecordhistoricaleventspertainingtoChristandHisearlyfollowers.vOthersareletterswrittentoexplainChriststeachingortoencouragethefollowersofChristtopracticethemoralprinciplesHetaught.vThereare27booksinthislatercollection.vT
12、ogethertheyformtheNew Testament.vTheNewTestamentisholyonlytoChristians.TheOldTestament39booksvAllwritten400yearsbeforeJesusbirthv1400-400B.C.v“Testament”means“covenantoragreement”vTheOldCovenantisanagreementthatGodmadewiththenationofISRAELvTheOldTestamentwaswritteninHebrewthelanguageofIsraelvAllwrit
13、tenAFTERhisdeathv48-65A.D.vTheNewCovenantisanagreementthatGodhasmadeforALLNATIONSvTheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekThe New Testament 27 booksCompositionoftheOldTestament(LiteraryStylesfoundintheOldTestament)TheOldTestamenthasfourmajordivisions:(1)theLaw-5books;(2)History-12books;(3)Poetry-5books;and,
14、(4)Prophecy-17books.Torahnoun(usuallytheTorah)(inJudaism)thelawofGodasgiventoMosesandrecordedinthefirstfivebooksoftheBible律法，圣经旧约之首五卷,摩西五书BabylonianExile:巴比伦之囚CompositionoftheNewTestament(LiteraryStylesFoundintheNewTestament)vSimilarly,theNewTestamenthasfourmajordivisions:v(1)theGospels-4books;vGosp
15、el:aGreekwordfor“goodnews”福音书vthelifeandteachingofJesus耶稣生平及其教导v(2)theActsoftheApostles-1book;vApostle：anyofthetwelvemensentoutbyChristtospreadhisteaching使徒（基督为宣传他的教导而派出的十二位门徒之一）.v(3)theEpistles-21books;vepistlen letter书信:v(4)theRevelationoftheLordJesusChrist-1book.v启示录DifferencesintheBiblesvThevers
16、ionoftheOldTestamentusedbyRomanCatholicsistheJewishBiblewithsomeotherbooksandadditionstothebooks.vTheversionoftheOldTestamentusedbyProtestantsislimitedtothe39booksoftheJewishBible.vTheotherbooksandadditionstothebooksarecalledtheApocrypha(伪经、后典)byProtestants.Genesis1.TheStoryoftheCreationTheCreationo
17、ftheWorldvAccordingtoGenesis,thefirstbookoftheBible,Godcreatedtheworldinsixdays.TheFirstDayvGodfirstcreatedlight.vHesaid,“Lettherebelight”,andtherewaslight.vGoddividedthelightfromthedarknessandmadedayandnight.TheSecondDayvGoddividedtheskyfromtheearth,andputoneontopoftheother.vGod said Let there be a
18、n expanse to separate water from water vGodcalledtheexpansesky.expansen(ofsth)wideandopenarea(ofland,sea,etc)（陆地海洋等的）广阔的区域:the blue expanses of the sky 广阔的蓝天.TheThirdDayvGodgatheredallthewatertogethertomaketheseas,sothatdrylandappeared.vHemadegrassgrowontheland,plantsgiveseedsandtreesbearfruit.TheFo
19、urthDayvGodspentthefourthdaycreatingthesun,themoonandstarstoshineinthesky.TheFifthDayvGoddevotedthefifthdaytothecreationofseaanimalsandbirdsflyinginthesky.TheSixthDayvGodmadelandanimalsandhumanbeings.TheSeventhDayvGodstoppedworkingandmadethedayholy,becausehehadarestontheday.vReservingadayforrestandw
20、orship,theSabbath(安息日),becameoneoftheTenCommandments(Exodus20:8-11).vThereismoretolifethanjustwork.Genesis2.TheStoryofAdamandEvevGen2:7theLORDGodformedthemanfromthedustofthegroundandbreathedintohisnostrilsthebreathoflife,andthemanbecamealivingbeing.vtheGardenofEden.treeswithdeliciousfruitvRightinthe
21、middleofthegardenwerethetreeoflifeandthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevil.“vThen,vGen2:15TheLORDGodtookthemanandputhimintheGardenofEdentoworkitandtakecareofit.vGen2:16AndtheLORDGodcommandedtheman,Youarefreetoeatfromanytreeinthegarden;vGen2:17butyoumustnoteatfromthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevil,forwh
22、enyoueatofityouwillsurelydie.“vThenGodsawthatAdamwaslonely.GodputAdamintoadeepsleepandtookoneofhisribsandformeditintoawomantobeAdamswife.Adamnamedher“Eve”.vQuestions:v1.Dowomenhavemoreribsthanmen?v2.WereAdamandEveallowedtoeatthefruitofthetreeoflife?v1.NO.Theybothhavetwelvepairs.v2.Yes.Theywereallowe
23、dtodoso.MaleSkeletonX-RayofFemaleRibsvtheserpent;trickyanddeceitful.vThesnakesaidtothewoman,Whynoteatthefruitofthetreeofknowledge?Youwillnotdie,andyouwillbecomeaswiseasgods.vSothewomanpickedthefruitofthetreeandatesome,andgaveittothemanandheatesometoo.vThensuddenlytheybecamewiserandknewthattheywerena
24、ked.Sotheysewedfigleavestogethertocoverthemselves.vGodsawthis,andknewthattheyhadeatentheforbiddenfruit.vGodpunishedtheserpent;tocrawlontheirbellies,eatdustandbeenemiesofmankind.vGodpunishedAdamandEve,vtheirliveshard.vMenwouldhavetostruggleandsweatfortheirexistence.vTothewomanhesaid,Iwillgreatlyincre
25、aseyourpainsinchildbearing;withpainyouwillgivebirthtochildren.Yourdesirewillbeforyourhusband,andhewillruleoveryou.vGodmadethemleavetheGardenofEden,sothattheymightnoteatfruitfromthetreeoflifeandliveforever.vGen3:24Afterhedrovethemanout,heplacedontheeastsideoftheGardenofEdencherubimandaflamingswordfla
26、shingbackandforthtoguardthewaytothetreeoflife.vQuestions:v1.WhycouldtheserpentspeaktoEve?v2.Wastheforbiddenfruitanapple?v3.Godsaidtheywoulddiewhentheyatetheforbiddenfruit,buttheydidnt.WasGodlyingtothem?v1.TheserpentinGenesischapter3wasSatan.Satanwaseitherappearingasaserpent,possessingtheserpent,orde
27、ceivingAdamandEveintobelievingthatitwastheserpentwhowastalkingtothem.Serpents/snakesdonotpossesstheabilitytospeak.v2.Thefruitofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilisoftenpicturedasanapple,buttheBibleneversayswhatitwas.v3.vkjv:Butofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevil,thoushaltnoteatofit:forinthedaythatt
28、houeatestthereofthoushaltsurelydie.vesv:butofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilyoushallnoteat,forinthedaythatyoueatofityoushallsurelydie.“vcuv:“只是分别善恶树上的果子，你不可吃，因为你吃的日子必定死！”vGen5:1ThisisthewrittenaccountofAdamsline.WhenGodcreatedman,hemadehiminthelikenessofGod.vGen5:2Hecreatedthemmaleandfemaleandble
29、ssedthem.Andwhentheywerecreated,hecalledthemman.vGen5:3WhenAdamhadlived130years,hehadasoninhisownlikeness,inhisownimage;andhenamedhimSeth.vGen5:4AfterSethwasborn,Adamlived800yearsandhadothersonsanddaughters.vGen5:5Altogether,Adamlived930years,andthenhedied.vGen5:6WhenSethhadlived105years,hebecamethe
30、fatherofEnosh.vGen5:7AndafterhebecamethefatherofEnosh,Sethlived807yearsandhadothersonsanddaughters.vGen5:8Altogether,Sethlived912years,andthenhedied.vGen5:9WhenEnoshhadlived90years,hebecamethefatherofKenan.vGen5:10AndafterhebecamethefatherofKenan,Enoshlived815yearsandhadothersonsanddaughters.vGen5:1
31、1Altogether,Enoshlived905years,andthenhedied.v诗篇诗篇(Psalms)vPsa90:4ForathousandyearsinyoursightarelikeadaythathasjustgonebyvAltogether,Adamlived930years,andthenhedied.AngelsvOriginoftheword:Greekangelos,literally,messengervMentionedhundredsoftimesintheBible.vSendmessagesforGod,orcarryouthisplantosave
32、hispeopleordestroythewicked.Travelattremendousspeeds.AngelsvThebest-knownexampleoftheirfunctionasmessengers:vtheannunciationbytheAngelGabriel(加百列)totheVirginMaryofthebirthofChrist.AngelsvMentionedfarmoretimesinRevelationthananyotherbookoftheBible.vInnumerableangelswereseenaroundthethroneofGod;sevenb
33、lewtheirseventrumpetswhileanothersevenpouredoutthesevenbowlsofGodsanger.AngelsvChristianitydevelopedveryelaboratedoctrinesaboutangels:vTheywerecreatedbyGodandtheydonotmarryorhavechildren.vTheyhaveagreatermentalcapacitythanman.Manis“alittlelowerthanangels”.vTheyaresuperhumaninpower.ClassificationofAn
34、gelsvIntheMiddleAgesitwasbelievedthattherewerenineordersofangels:v1.Thereare3mainhierarchies.2.Eachmainhierarchycontains3orders.ClassificationofAngelsvThehighesthierarchyincludestheorderof(indescendingorder)va)Seraphim(seraph)炽天使vb)Cherubim(cherub)智天使vc)Thrones座天使AseraphangelClassificationofAngelsvT
35、hemiddlehierarchyincludestheorderofa)Dominions主天使b)Virtues力天使c)Powers能天使vThelowesthierarchyincludestheorderofa)Principalities权天使b)Archangels大天使c)Angels天使vSevenarchangelsaretheleadersofangels.ThreeofthemarenamedintheBible:Gabriel,MichaelandRaphaelArchangelMichael米迦勒ArchangelRaphael拉斐尔SatanvInJudaisma
36、ndChristianity:Satan,alsocalledDevil,anevilspiritthatopposesGodorgoodspirits.Satantemptspeopletobewicked.vIntheBookofJoboftheOldTestament,SatanisaservantofGod.vSpecialfunction:totestthevirtuesofmenbytrialsandsufferings.SatanvBythetimeoftheNewTestament:seenastheenemyofGodandonewhohadbeendrivenoutofhe
37、aven.vSatanwasidentifiedwithLucifer(路西法),anangelwhotriedtorebelagainstGodandsofellfromHeaven.Lucifervsonofthemorning,“morningstar”,金星vBecamejealousofGodvWasperfectuntilhissinvBecameproudofhisbeautyandgloryinsteadofglorifyingGodhisCreatorvSinnedinhisheartLucifervtriedtorebelagainstGodandsofellfromHea
38、ven.vWascastoutofheavenandtookone-thirdofalltheangelswithhimvHeissupposedtobetherulerofHell.vHisfollowers,calleddevils,werelesserangelswhofellwithhim.IdiomsfromGenesisChapter2&3v1.GardenofEden(Gen.2:1517)vEdenn alsotheGardenofEdensingularintheBiblestory,thegardenwhereAdamandEve,thefirsthumanslived,o
39、ftenseenasaplaceofhappinessandinnocence.人间天堂，乐园vThecityisaremoteandbeautifulEden.vLife is no garden of Eden(ieisunpleasant)at the moment.现时的生活并非世外桃源.2.Boneoftheboneandfleshoftheflesh(Gen.2:2123)vBoneofbonesandfleshofflesh血肉相连，至亲骨肉vEverybodyagreesthecompetentshouldbepromoted.Andhisboneofbonesandflesh
40、offlesharenotsoincompetent,andtheyaremucheasierthanotherstogetpromoted.vIhaveneverthoughtthattheyshouldbecomesuchgoodboneofbonesandfleshoffleshofeachother.v我从来没想到他们俩会成为如此恩爱的一对夫妻。3.AdamandEve(Gen.2:7;2122)vAdamandEve祖先，人类始祖vThereisatendencyoflongevityonhismothersside.Bothhisgrandpaandgrandmalivedtobe
41、overninetylivedtobeAdamandEve,astheysay.v他母亲那一边的人有长寿倾向。他外公外婆都活到九十多像别人说的，都活成老祖宗了。4.Adamsprofession(Gen.2:15)vAdamsprofession园艺，耕种vHehasalwaysbeenthinkingofengaginginAdamsprofessionwhenheretires.v他一直在想，当他退休了，他就种种花，养养草。vWhatsyourfather?vHeisinAdamsprofessionbackinthehomevillage.v他在老家务农。5.Figleaves(Gen.
42、3:67)vFigleaves无花果树的叶子，遮羞布vComeandseethepictureofTominhisbabyhood-withoutevenafigleafon.v快来看快来看TOM婴儿时候的照片婴儿时候的照片-光着屁股照的。光着屁股照的。6.CurseofAdam(Gen.3:17)vCurseofAdam亚当遭诅咒，为生活奔波vThoughthepoorcoupleweresufferingfromthecurseofAdam,theyfoundithardtomakebothendsmeet.v虽然这对可怜的夫妇为生活拼命的奔波，还是发现很难做到虽然这对可怜的夫妇为生活拼命
43、的奔波，还是发现很难做到收支相抵。收支相抵。vHisfatherdiedyoungandthecurseofAdamkepthimfromcontinuinghisschoolingashehadtohelphismothersupportabigfamily.v他父亲很年轻就去世了。生活的艰辛使他不能继续上学，他他父亲很年轻就去世了。生活的艰辛使他不能继续上学，他得帮母亲养活一大家子。得帮母亲养活一大家子。7.Forbiddenfruit(Gen.3:15)vForbiddenfruit禁果，因被禁而更想得到的东西vItoldmysonhewasnotallowedtoeatice-crea
44、mashewashavingacold,butheatemorethanusual.v-Well,forbiddenfruittastesbetter;andthisisespeciallytrueforkids.v我告诉我的儿子他正患感冒，不能吃冰激凌，但他我告诉我的儿子他正患感冒，不能吃冰激凌，但他吃的反而比平时还多。吃的反而比平时还多。v-越是不让就越想要，小孩尤其是这样越是不让就越想要，小孩尤其是这样vBythesweatofyourbrow(inthesweatofyourface)youshalleatbreadtillyoureturntotheground,foroutofit
45、youweretaken;fordustyouare,andtodustyoushallreturn.(Gen.3:19)v你必须汗流满面才得糊口，直到你归了土，你必须汗流满面才得糊口，直到你归了土，因为你是自土而出的。你本是尘土，仍要因为你是自土而出的。你本是尘土，仍要归于尘土。归于尘土。8.Bythesweatofonesbrow/InthesweatofonesfacevBythesweatofonesbrow/Inthesweatofonesface眉毛流汗、汗流满面眉毛流汗、汗流满面喻意：用血汗挣来的；凭勤劳谋生。v1.whatitneedstoaccomplishanythingi
46、sthesweatofthebrow,butnotemptytalk.v要成就任何事情，需要的是艰苦的努力，而非空谈。要成就任何事情，需要的是艰苦的努力，而非空谈。v2.Inthesweatoftheirface,thepeasantcouplesentalltheirchildrentouniversity.v这对农民夫妇勤挣苦做，终于把几个孩子送进了大学。这对农民夫妇勤挣苦做，终于把几个孩子送进了大学。9.Fordustyouare,andtodustyoushallreturn.vFordustyouare,andtodustyoushallreturn.本是尘土，本是尘土，仍要归于尘土
47、仍要归于尘土;死亡，逝世；死亡，逝世；vWhenhisfatherreturnedtodust,heinheritedthehouse.v他父亲去世后，他就继承了房子。他父亲去世后，他就继承了房子。vIseenopointaccumulatingmaterialpossessionsinthesweatofonesface.Afterall,fordustyouare,andtodustyoushallreturn.v我看不出来辛辛苦苦地聚财有什么意义，毕竟财富这东西生我看不出来辛辛苦苦地聚财有什么意义，毕竟财富这东西生不带来，死不带去。不带来，死不带去。vSerpentv蛇；魔鬼；罪恶的象征；蛇；魔鬼；罪恶的象征；vAdamsapplev亚当的苹果；喉结；亚当的苹果；喉结；vthefallofmanv人类的堕落人类的堕落voriginalsinv原罪；原罪；Adamssin亚当的罪；人类始祖之罪；世代相传之罪；亚当的罪；人类始祖之罪；世代相传之罪；vParadiselostv失乐园；失去美好的生活失乐园；失去美好的生活结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！65