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1、Definition陈述语气（陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。The fish is not alive without water.虚语语气（虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。1.虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中
2、的虚拟语气的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句区别区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气陈述语气Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气总结 一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：普通条件句：条件从句If从句的
3、谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在did/were/waswould/could/should/might do过去had donewould/might/could/should have done将来1.did2.should3.were/was to（将来万一发生的情况）would/could/should/might doIf+主主+did(were),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If I were you,I would try it again.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。
4、如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主主+had done sth,主主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard,he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her,I would have be
5、en unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语通常有时间状语)If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow,I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If+主
6、主+did(were to/should do),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If you _tomorrow,you _find the new manager working in the office.A.should come;would B.would come;wouldC.will come;should D.comes;mightIf the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident,the child would have been saved.A.arrives B.a
7、rrive C.had arrived D.has arrivedIf he _he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not have takenB.had been warned;would not have takenC.would be warned;had not takenD.would have been warned;had not takenI didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would
8、have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come If my lawyer _here last Sunday,he _ me from going.A.had been;would have preventedB.had been;would preventC.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented倒装的倒装的If If虚拟句虚拟句条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were,had,should时时,可以倒可以倒装成：装成：Were/Sho
9、uld/Had+主主+其他其他Were I you,I would try it again.Had he been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.If I were you,I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out._the exam,he wou
10、ld have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passedC.Were he passed D.If he should pass_five minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arriveC.Had you arrived D.Should you arrive _it rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A.Were
11、 B.should C.would D.willwishwish引导的虚拟句引导的虚拟句I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 现在现在had
12、done 过去过去would/might/could do 将来将来5.If only(1)要是就好了要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我没错过火车就好了要是
13、我没错过火车就好了.Exercises:“Have you visited the Science Museum?”“No,but I really wish I _.”A.had B.did C.have D.willI didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _there.A.was B.were C.had been D.wentI wish I _ you yesterday.A.see B.did see C.had seen D.were to see -He is a brave man.-Yes,I wish I _his courage.A
14、.Have B.had C.will have D.would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he _me how.A.teaches B.will teach C.has taught D.would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I_to it.A.hadnt gone B.havent goneC.didnt go D.could not have goneHow I wish I _t
15、hat!Everybody present was angry with me.A.didnt go B.hadnt done C.wouldnt do D.wasnt doing as if/though 区别：区别：HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陈述语气陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气虚拟语气2.as if/though+Clause现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来:did/were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)She loves the baby as if
16、 it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States.would+动词原形动词原形(将来将来)虚拟语气虚拟语气 SubjunctiveMood时间时间条件从句条件从句if主句主句过去过去had donewould/should/could/might have done现在现在did/werewould/should/could/might do将来将来1.should do2.were to do3.did退一步退一步 海阔天空海阔天空even if/though,wish,if only等从句等从句的虚拟
17、与它相同。的虚拟与它相同。名词性从句中要求名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词用虚拟语气的动词如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If I were you,I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行If you had list
18、ened to me,you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days,we should be going on with the works.注意注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句混合条件句):):有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。以调整。If you If you had follo
19、wedhad followed my advice,you my advice,you wouldwould be able to finish the work now.be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I If I werewere you,I you,I would have gonewould have gone to her to her birthday party.birthday party
20、.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句（从句说说明明现现在，主句在，主句说说明明过过去。）去。）If you If you hadnt lenthadnt lent me some money,me some money,I I couldnt have boughtcouldnt have bought the new the new house and most likely I house and most likely I would be would be still livingstill living in the dangerous
21、 house in the dangerous house now.now.假若你不借钱给我，假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,advice etc.引引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原原的形式出现。的形式出现。We all suggest that he(shoul
22、d)finish his homework first.The captain commanded that all the sailors (should)get down to work at once.Its suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that 后面的主语从句中要使用后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以虚拟语气，也以 (should)+v原原.的形式出的形式出现。现。Its ordered that only German (should)be tau
23、ght at schools in Alsas and Lorin.Its requested that all the students(should)wear school uniforms at school.以上这些动词的以上这些动词的名词形式名词形式后面的后面的表语从句表语从句 和和同位语从句同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should)+v(should)+v原原.的形式出现。的形式出现。My suggestion is that you(should)go home first before coming here.His request that
24、his cost(should)be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.The order came that the work(should)be finished two days ahead of time My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English as often as possible 注意注意:当当suggest 表示表示“暗示暗示”;insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时不时不用虚拟！用虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from
25、Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.虚拟语气特殊句型：1.would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I wou
26、ld rather you came tomorrow.注意注意:在主语在主语would rather that 宾语从句中，从句谓语一般宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如式表示虚拟形式。例如:我真希望你告诉我真相。我真希望你告诉我真相。Id rather you told me the truth.我宁愿不再见着你。我宁愿不再见着你。Id rather I didnt see you again.我倒希望他们和我一起去。我倒希望他们和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.(1)对现在的虚拟对现在的虚拟,谓语动词用过去谓语动词用过去时
27、时(系动词用系动词用were),意指主从句谓意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生语表示的动词同时发生.例如例如:他他看起来好象病了看起来好象病了.He looks as if he were ill.他感到他应该独自对发生的他感到他应该独自对发生的事情承事情承担责任担责任.He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.(2)对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had+过去分词过去分词,意指从句谓语动词意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前发生在主句谓语动词之前.例如例如:她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一她英
28、语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样样.She spoke English well as if she had studied English in England.我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3)对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would+动词原形动词原形,意指从句谓语动词意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后发生在主句谓语动词之后.例如例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs.Smith sob
29、bed as if her heart would break.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old.But he acts as if he _ a young man.A.is B.will be C.am D.wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker.It looks as if it _rain
30、.A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.would注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if you are tired.3.Its(about/high)time+that-过去时should+V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time t
31、hat we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.4.without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help,I would have failed.But for water,it would be impossible to live in the dese
32、rt.5.If only(1)要是就好了要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!(2)=as long as 常用陈述语气常用陈述语气.如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜如果
33、我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难一切困难.We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united.6.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（即（should）+动词原形动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its
34、 necessary that we should study hard.7.otherwise 和和supposing也可以引也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：导虚拟语气。例如：The storm stopped,otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Im getting cold,otherwise I would keep her.Suppose(supposing)your friends knew how you are behaving here,what would they think?8.so that 与与in o
35、rder that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it.She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted.He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss t
36、he train.9.用用“may+动词原形动词原形”表示祝表示祝愿，但愿，此时愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你快乐！祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大祝你取得更大成就成就 Long live the people!人民万岁！人民万岁！“God bless you,”said the priest.牧牧师说：师说：“愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！”含蓄条件句含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含句有时不表出来，只
37、暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫在上下文中，这种句子叫做做含蓄条件句含蓄条件句。含蓄条件。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况句大体有三种情况:1.条件暗含在短语中条件暗含在短语中。如：。如：W hat would I have done without you?(条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语without you中中)It would be easier to do it this way.(条件暗含在不定式短语条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中中)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.(暗含
38、条件是暗含条件是but for your help)This same thing,happening in wartime,would lead to a disaster.(条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中中)He must have the strength of a hippopotamus,or he never could have vanquished that great beast.(暗含条件是连词暗含条件是连词or)Alone,he would have been terrified.(暗含条件是暗含条件是alone)2.条件暗
39、含在上下文中。如：条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever.(可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded.(可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined.(可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it)I would appreciate a little of your time.(可能暗含可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time
40、)3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：如：You wouldnt know.你不会知道。你不会知道。I would like to come.我愿意来。我愿意来。I wouldnt have dreamed of it.这是我做梦也不会想到的。这是我做梦也不会想到的。He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness.他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他
41、亲眼看见一样见一样 1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff.A.notbeB.shouldnotC.wouldntD.benot2Itisstrangethatheso.A.thinksB.thinkC.thoughtD.willthink3IwishImyuncleyesterday.A.metB.havemetC.wouldmeetD.hadmet4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished 5.Sh
42、e says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today.A.had B.should leave C.leaves D.left6.Its already 5 oclock now.Dont you think its about time_?A.we are going home B.if she leaves C.we went home D.if she had left7Itshightimehehome.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy.A.MaymayB.
43、WishwishC.HopehopeD.Shouldmay9Galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun.A.shouldmoveB.moveC.movesD.AorB10IfonlyI_tomyparentsadvice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened11-Whydidntyoucometothepartyyesterday?-I_,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.A.didB.wouldC.hadD.wasgoingto12Idratheryou_methenew
44、s.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didnttellD.hadnttold 1.The boy who went swimming in the No-swimming Zone drowned in the river.If the boy hadnt gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowned in the river.Had the boy not gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowned in the river
45、.2.Billy was badly bitten by mosquitoes because he forgot to use the mosquito net last night.If Billy had remembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten by Had Billy remembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten by3.The mother carelessly put t
46、he knife within the babys reach,and the baby cut herself while playing it.If the mother had carefully put the knife out of the babys reach,the baby wouldnt have cut herself.Had the mother carefully put the knife out of the babys reach,the baby wouldnt have cut herself.4.The students got food-poisoni
47、ng after eating the potatoes in the dining-room.If the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room,they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.Had the students not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room,they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.5.The parents put the thermos on the ground.Their son kicked it and got burnt.If the parents had put the thermos in a safe place,their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.Had the parents put the thermos in a safe place,their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.