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1、SubjunctiveMoodIIUnit2Grammar虚拟语气虚拟语气1）概念概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。实相反。2 2）在条件句中的应用）在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。语气。在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中在条件状语从句和结果状
2、语从句中,表示表示与事实相反的条件和结果。与事实相反的条件和结果。1)与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：If主语主语,主语主语+V原原were/didshould(wouldcould,might)2)与过去事实相反：与过去事实相反：If主语主语,主语主语+havedone3)与将来事实相反：与将来事实相反：If主语主语,主语主语+V原原should(wouldcould,might)didshouldweretoshould(wouldcould,might)had+done 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综句所假设的谓语动
3、词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospital.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.e.g.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetin
4、gyesterday,youwouldknowwhatwearedoingnow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.2.Weuseotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbut for toreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldnthavedoneit.(Iftherewerenoair)(Ifithadntb
5、eenforyourhelp)Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadntbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadntbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)3.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby even if,as if,as thoughandif onlywecanuseunrealconditionals
6、.即使生了病，他也去办公室。即使生了病，他也去办公室。Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。样。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wish/ifonly 现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：did（were）haddonewould/could/mightdo 1)Iw
7、ishIwereabird.（现在）现在）2)IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.（过去）过去）3)Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.（将来）（将来）IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the
8、 train!IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一我希望和你一样高。高。Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.他希望他没他希望他没讲那那样的的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo表达法。表达法。wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat现在：现
9、在：过去：过去：未来：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.Its(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你该走了。你该走了。我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要
10、求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1)宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词动词原形，或者将原形，或者将should省略。省略。我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要
11、实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如注意：如suggest
12、,insist不表示不表示建建议或或坚持要某人做某事持要某人做某事时，即它，即它们用用于其本意于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、坚持持认为时，宾语从句用从句用陈述述语气。气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthat2.everybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.obeywasbesenth
13、avewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireItssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbe
14、closeddown.5.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从句中的动从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.6.某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!Longli
15、vethePeoplesRepublicofChina!1._ceaseadvertising,prices2.wouldbesignificantlyreduced.A.WeretheytoB.CouldtheyC.IftheyD.Wouldthey2.Fiveminutesearlier,andwe_thelastbus.A.hadcaughtB.shouldhavecaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.caught单项选择单项选择3.Ifonlyyou_himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.didnttoldB.hadn
16、ttoldC.wouldnottellD.wouldhavenottold4.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_herethen.A.wouldhavebeenB.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeenD.couldbe5.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers_before.A.hadinventedB.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninvented6.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupand
17、cometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept7.Youdonthavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou_onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone8.Ifonlythecommittee_theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approveB.willapproveC.canapproveD.wouldapprove9.Wedidntknowhistelepho
18、nenumber,otherwisewe_him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned10.Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms_backbeforethedeadline.A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent1.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They_atleast150kilometers2.anhour.（2005
19、重庆）重庆）A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone高考链接高考链接2.Ifthetraffichadntbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6oclock.Whatapity!Tina_heretoseeyou.（2005湖南）湖南）A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen3.Shelooksveryhappy.She_havepassedtheexam.Iguessso.Itsnotdifficultafterall.(2007江苏江苏)A.shou
20、ldB.couldC.mustD.might4._hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.2007全国卷全国卷IIA.IfB.SinceC.Though D.When5.Whatapity.Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he_better.(2008江西江西)A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone6.Imsorry.I_atyoutheotherday.Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.(2008江
21、苏江苏)A.shouldntshoutB.shouldnthaveshoutedC.mustntshoutD.mustnthaveshouted1.我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。电话给他了。Ididntknowhistelephonenumber,otherwiseIwouldhavetelephonedhim.2.他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。忙。Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.Translation3.-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给如果
22、可能的话你会不会打电话给她？她？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭庭作业呢。作业呢。-Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?-Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.4.如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的话，你现在就不会那么困了。话，你现在就不会那么困了。Ifyouhadntseenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldntbesosleepy.5.没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。了。Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.