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1、Part2 考点7Part2 语法专题语法专题考点考点7 虚拟语气虚拟语气 对虚拟语气的考查在湖南高考中主要出现在单项填空部分。1.主要考查的知识点：(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气复习重点：复习重点：(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气，但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。2.如何应对虚拟语气的考查解题时，首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的，来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句，根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟，从而确定
2、虚拟语气的形式。(2009福建)But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 思思路路点点拨拨：分析题干，根据But for the help of my English teacher(要不是我的英语老师)，可知该句为虚拟语气。整句语意为：要不是英语老师的帮助，我就赢不了英语写作比赛一等奖。“赢得一等奖”是已经过去的事情了
3、，所以此处表达的是对过去的虚拟，谓语该用would not have done的形式。故判断空格处应该选B。熟熟 读读 深深 思思1.状语从句中的虚拟语气状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)If I _had_(have)time,I would go there.(2)If you had come earlier,you _couldnt/wouldnt_have_missed_(miss)the bus.(3)If it _should_rain/were_to_rain_(rain)tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.(4)We got up ea
4、rly in order that we could catch the first bus.熟熟 读读 深深 思思(5)We got up early for fear that we should miss the first bus.(6)We got up early lest that we should miss the first bus.(7)She speaks English as though she were a native of New York.(8)It seems as if he doesnt know her.归归 纳纳 总总 结结 虚拟语气的结构及用法：
5、非真实的条件，常由if 引导，主句和从句常用虚拟语气。1.条件与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时(be多 用 were)；主 句 谓 语 用 would/should/could/might动词原形，如：(1)。2.条件与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时had done；主句谓语用would/should/could/mighthave done，如：(2)。3.条件与将来事实相反，从句谓语用should do/were to do；主句谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形，如：(3)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则1：目的状语从句1.so that/in ord
6、er that 从句：从句用can/could/may/might 动词原形，如：(4)。2.for fear that/in case that 从句：从句用should动词原形，意为“以防，万一”，如：(5)。3.lest 从句：从句用should 动词原形，“以防万一”，如：(6)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则2：方式状语从句as if/as though 从句：从句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似，如：(7)。【注意】as if/as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气，如：(8)。熟熟 读读 深深 思思2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语
7、气(1)It is suggested that I(should)exercise every day.The doctors suggestion is that I(should)exercise every day.(2)His face suggested that he was very sad.(3)How he wishes that he were a bird.(4)We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year.熟熟 读读 深深 思思(5)We wish we would live on the moon one
8、day.(6)I would rather you were not here with me now.(7)I would rather you hadnt done that.(8)It is important that we(should)have a good knowledge of computer science.(9)It is a pity that you(should)be absent from the meeting.(10)We are surprised that he(should)be a doctor.规规则则1：名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要求”等意
9、义时，名词性从句用(should)动词原形。(1)建议：动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名词advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation)(2)命令：名词order,command(3)要求：动词request,require,demand,ask,insist(名词request,requirement,demand)，如：(1)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结【注意】(1)suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，如：(2)。(2)insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。规则规则2
10、：I wish(that)宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时，如：(3)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，如：(4)。(3)表示愿望实现的可能性很小，从句常用could/might/would 动词原形，如：(5)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规规则则3：would rather/prefer that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时，如：(6)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，如：(7)。规规则则4：名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时，从句用should 动词原形/should
11、 have done，should 可译为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。归归 纳纳 总总 结结 常见的句型如下：(1)It is important/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural that 从句，如：(8)。(2)It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no wonder that从句，如：(9)。(3)主语 be sorry/disappointed/surprised that从句，如：(10)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结熟熟 读读 深深 思思3.定语从句中的虚拟语气定语从句中的虚拟语气(1)Its
12、time that we should go home.(2)Its time that we went home.(3)It is the second time that I have visited Beijing.(4)It was the second time that I had visited Beijing.归归 纳纳 总总 结结 Its(about/high/very)time that从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语用一般过去式或 should do,should 不能省略)，意为“某人该做某事了”，如：(1)、(2)。注意下面固定句型的时态搭配：It/This is the
13、first/second/time that主语has/have doneIt/This was the first/second/time that 主语had done.如：(3)、(4)。熟熟 读读 深深 思思4.简单句中的虚拟语气简单句中的虚拟语气(1)Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(2)May you succeed！(3)Everybody leave the room!(4)Let one of you go and tell her to come.归归 纳纳 总总 结结 虚拟语气用于简单句时，一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语要用动词
14、原形。规则规则1：表示祝愿，如：(1)、(2)。规则规则2：表示命令，如：(3)、(4)。熟熟 读读 深深 思思5.含蓄虚拟语气含蓄虚拟语气(1)If only you _hadnt_told_(not tell)him the news.(2)Human beings would die without water.Human beings _would_die_ if there were no water.(3)I _couldnt_have_succeeded_ but for your help.I couldnt have succeeded if you hadnt helped
15、 me.熟熟 读读 深深 思思(4)I had no money then.Otherwise I would have bought that book.If I _had_had_ money then,I would have bought that book.(5)Had they had time(If they had had time)，they would have certainly come to help us.(6)If I had studied in a university,I would get the job in the company.归归 纳纳 总总 结
16、结常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：规规则则1：if only 意为“要是 就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似)，如：(1)。规规则则2：without/but for 如果没有，就会。如：(2)、(3)。规规则则3：otherwise/or 否则，不然的话，就会。如：(4)。【注意】(1)当虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有had，should，were时，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，而把had，should，were 提前到句首，变为半倒装，如：(5)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结(2)混合虚拟语气 虚拟语气中，常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。如：(6)。(3)几种特别用法was/were supposed to have done 理应做was/were to have done 本计划做had thought/believed，but本以为had planned/intended，but本计划，本打算had wished/hoped，but 本希望