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1、2021届全国新高考英语冲刺备考特殊句式特殊句式特殊句式特殊句式特殊句式倒装句完全倒装句部分倒装句强调句强调句的用法强调句时态、人称和数的运用强调句与that引导的主语从句的区别省略句祈使句插入语特殊句式基本框架：一、倒装句1.完全倒装句把谓语全部放在主语之前的句子称为完全倒装句。（1）here,there,now,then等副词位于句首，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。Here is your letter.你的信。Then came the chairman.主席来了。（2）out,in,down,up,away,off等表示方向、地点、时间的副词置于句首时，用完全倒装。Then out ru
2、shed a pack of dogs！接着跑出来一群狗。Away flew the bird.那只鸟儿飞走了。一、倒装句（3）表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。In front of the castle is a lake.城堡前面是一个湖。（本句结构为：表语+谓语+主语。）From the valley came a frightening sound.一个吓人的声音从山谷传来。（本句结构为：状语+谓语+主语。）（4）“作表语的形容词/过去分词/不定式+系动词+主语”结构用完全倒装。Nearer to the Atlantic coasts is Niagara
3、 Falls.更靠近大西洋海岸的是尼亚加拉瀑布群。Standing inside were lots of white-skinned,strange-looing creatures with large black eyes.里面站着许多白皮肤、怪模样的动物，一个个长着又大又黑的眼睛。一、倒装句2.部分倒装句把助动词、情态动词或系动词be移到主语之前且不移动谓语剩余部分的倒装句，称为部分倒装句。（1）only置于句首且修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子用部分倒装。Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other pl
4、anets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚。Only by working hard can we reap bumper harvest.只有辛勤劳动才能浇灌出丰硕的成果。注意：（1）only修饰状语从句时，主句用倒装结构，但从句用正常语序。（2）only修饰主句，句子不倒装。一、倒装句（2）含有否定意义的副词或连词no,never,seldom等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popula
5、r English newspaper.周扬永远不会忘记他在一家很受欢迎的英语报社第一天上班党工作任务。Rarely does a person succeed when he doesnt believe in himself.一个人如果不相信自己，则很难成功。（2）一般疑问句将助动词置于主语之前，构成部分倒装；疑问词为宾语、表语或状语的特殊疑问句将助动词置于主语前，构成部分倒装。Are you going to attend the lecture tomorrow?你想参加明天的讲座吗？Where have you been during the summer holiday?暑假期间你
6、去了哪里？（疑问词作表语。）Why were you late for the meeting?你为什么开会也迟到了？（疑问词作状语。）一、倒装句（4）so表示“也是如此”，neither或nor表示“也不”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。I loved this movie and so did all my friends.我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友也喜欢。They cant speak Japanese,neither can I.他们不会讲日语，我也不会。当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，意为“的确，正是”，用正常语序，结构为“So+主语
7、+be/助动词”。Hes becoming famous for his well-written stories.他因为小说写得好而 出名。So he is.拓展一、倒装句（5）在“so/suchthat”结构中，若so或such引导的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door.他沉浸在了小说中，以至于没有注意到父亲在门口。（6）在notuntil，not onlybut also，hardlywhen，no soonerthan等句式中，not u
8、ntil，not only，hardly，no sooner位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Not only was Rome a city and a republic,but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history.此时的罗马不仅是一座城市和一个共和国，它也成为了历史上最大的帝国之一的都成。Hardly had he arrived home when he began to do his homework.他一到家就开始做作业了。一、倒装句（7）在含有had，when，should的
9、虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，将had，were，should置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。Had Mark invited me,I would have been glad to come.要是马克邀请我的话，我会很愿意来的。（8）表示祝愿的句子中常用部分倒装。Long live the Peoples Republic of China！中华人民共和国万岁!May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。二、强调句1.强调句的用法强调是一种修辞方法，是为了对一定语境的部分内容进行突出强调而采用的一种方法。（1）“It is/was+被强
10、调部分+that/who”结构。这一结构强调句子的主语、宾语、同位语和状语。强调人时可用who代替that，强调其他部分时只用that。It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.首先想到骑车从湄公河源头到终点旅游的是我姐姐。（强调人。）It is not by the grey hair that you know the age of the heart.了解内心的年龄不是看白发。（强调状语。）二、强调
11、句（2）含有not until的强调句。在这一强调句中，通常把not until连在一起使用，until引导的时间状语从句用陈述语序；that后面是主句，也用陈述语序。It was not until the 1920s that pompons began to play an important part in cheer-leading.直到20世纪20年代初，彩线球才在拉拉队员的表演中发挥重要作用。It was not until you have lost health that you truly appreciate its value.直到失去了健康才能真正懂得它的价值。二、强
12、调句（3）强调句用于疑问句时。用于一般疑问句时，是“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who？”结构，用于特殊疑问句时，是“疑问词+was/is it（that）结构”；若在从句中，则应使用陈述语序。Why is it that so many of us see the golden moments in the stream of life rush past us and recognize nothing but sand?为什么我们这么多的人看着人生河流的黄金时光从身边急速流逝，却只看到黄沙呢？助动词do,does,did也能进行强调。“It is/wasthat/who”句
13、式不能强调句子的谓语部分，如果需要强调谓语，应根据主句或主句的时态用do的不同形式。Adversity does best discover virtue.逆境最易见美德。（主语是第三人称单数，用does。）二、强调句助动词do,does,did也能进行强调。“It is/wasthat/who”句式不能强调句子的谓语部分，如果需要强调谓语，应根据主句或主句的时态用do的不同形式。However,police found that Justin did in fact return home on Friday night at about 11 p.m.然而交警发现贾斯汀晚上11点左右肯定会
14、过家。（时态为一般过去时，用did。）（1）构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that或who，且不可省略。（2）原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用“It was”，其余的时态用“It is”。归纳二、强调句2.强调句中时态、人称和数的运用。（1）强调句中的时态要依原句而定。It is jazz that I hate most.我最不喜欢的就是爵士乐。It was because I was stuck in the traffic jam that I came late.正是因为我被困在交通堵塞中才来晚的。（2）被强调部分若是句子的主语，that或w
15、ho之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。It is I who am to blame for the fault.正是我应该为这个过失而受责备。（I与am相对应。）It is you who are likely to win the contest.可能赢这次竞赛的人的人是你。（you与are相对应。）二、强调句3.强调句与that引导的定语从句的区别含有主语从句的句子译成汉语时不可加上“正是”或“就是”之类的字眼，而强调结构可以；含有主语从句的句子若去掉“It is/wasthat/who”，结构与意义均不成立，而强调句去掉这一成分后，其余部分仍能组成一个完整的句子。It
16、was a great pleasure that we went camping there.我们去那野营过得很愉快。（此句可以变成：That we went camping there was a great pleasure,因此that引导了一个主语从句。）It is football that is played is played all over the world.就是足球在全世界范围内流行。（此句可以变成：Football is played all over the world,因此是强调句。）三、省略句省略是为了避免重复、保持句子简洁。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分
17、，但在一些语境中能够独立存在、意义明确，并且能够发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。1.在某些固定搭配中常省略介词inMany had trouble(in)sleeping:some were afraid to leave their homes;others had problems interacting with their peers.他们中许多人失眠，一些人不敢走近家门，还有一些人则在与同龄人交往中表现出障碍。三、省略句省略in的常用短语：be busy(in)doing忙于做 have difficulty/trouble(in)doing做有困难spend(in)doing在花费h
18、ave a good time(in)doingwaste time(in)doing归纳三、省略句2.祈使句中主语的省略(I)Wish you were here.如果你也在这里就好了。(You)Dont give up.不要放弃。3.谓语的省略(Come)This way,sir.先生，请这边走。Some of us study French,others(study)English.我们中有些人学习法语，有些人学习英语。4.宾语的省略当同一主语后有并列谓语动词时，常省略动词后相应的宾语。Lets do with the report.Ill read(the report)and you
19、ll type(the report).咱们一块写这封报告吧。我读你打字。三、省略句5.主谓结构的省略(Are you)Tired of all that fat?(Do you)Want to lose weight?吃厌了油腻的东西了吗？想变瘦吗？Work hard when (you are)young,or you will regret.趁年轻，努力工作，否则你会后悔的。（work的主语是you。）注意：状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，从句中又有be动词时，可将主语和be动词一起省略。6.在不定式结构中的省略若不定式含有be，have，have been时，通常将其保
20、留，而把其他部分省略。Are you a college student?No,but I used to be(a college student).不，但我曾经是（一名大学生）。四、祈使句1.祈使句的主语是第二人称，主语一般省略Do it like this.像这样做。Let me help you.让我来帮助你。2.以Lets/Let us开头的祈使句Lets go to school.我们上学去吧。Let us have another try.让我们再试一下吧。3.“Dont+祈使句”构成否定式Dont open the window.不要开窗。Dont let them go th
21、ere.不要让他们去那儿。4.“Do+动词原形”构成强调式Do come on time this evening.今晚务必准时到。注意：祈使句中如有称呼语，需用逗号隔开，置于句首或句尾。四、祈使句5.“Let+人称代词（宾格）+动词原形+”否定式（1）直接在前面加Dont构成。Dont let the boy cry.不要让那个男孩哭。（2）在动词原形前加not构成。Let them not play football.让他们不要踢足球。6.祈使句用在and前时，表示肯定条件。Use your head,and you will find a good way.=If you use you
22、r head,you will find a good way.动动脑筋，你就会找到好办法的。7.祈使句用在or前时，表示否定条件Hurry up,or you will be late for school.=If you dont hurry up,you will be late for school.快点儿，否则你上学就会迟到。五、插入语插入语的位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末；一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开；与句中其他成分没有语法上的直接联系，将其删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。1.形容词或形容词作插入语needless to say不用说 most important of all最
23、重要的是worse still更糟糕的 even better更好Strange to say,he should have done such a thing.说来奇怪，他竟然做出了这样的事。Most important of all,you each over fulfilled your own task.最重要的是，你们各自超额完成了任务。2.副词或副词短语作插入语indeed的确 frankly坦率的说 obviously显然naturally天然地 fortunately幸好 strangely奇怪五、插入语2.副词或副词短语作插入语briefly简单地说 luckily/happ
24、ily for sb.算某人幸运She had seen the picture.However,she never told it to anyone.她曾见过那幅画。然而，她从未向其他人提及。He fell into the river.Luckily for him,the river wasnt deep.他掉进了河里。幸运的是，河水不深。3.介词短语作插入语in conclusion总之 in a word简而言之in short简而言之 in general一般说来in my view在我看来 for example例如in addition此外 to my surprise是我惊
25、奇的是Of course,he did not succeed for the lack of experience.当然，他由于缺乏经验而未成功。五、插入语 3.介词短语作插入语She knows much more about computer science than the other students do,for instance.例如，她在计算机科学方面就比其他同学懂得多。4.分词短语作插入语strictly speaking严格地说 generally considering一般认为judging from根据判断 talking of谈到Compared with China
26、,the USA is smaller.跟中国相比，美国比较小。Judging from his letter,a campaign against“white pollution”has been undertaken in his hometown.根据他的来信做出判断，一场抵制“白色污染”的运动已经在他的故乡展开了。5.不定式短语做插入语to be sure无疑地 to sum up概括地说to tell the truth老实说 to start with首先五、插入语5.不定式短语做插入语To be sure,community service can aid reemploymen
27、t.毫无疑问，社区服务能有助于再就业。To start with,China is ready to strengthen scientific and technological cooperation with many countries.首先，中国准备和许多国家加强科学技术合作。6.简短的句子结构作插入语I am sure我可以肯定说 I believe我相信you see你明白 that is那就是说I suppose我想 whats more而且whats worse更糟糕的是 what is important重要的是One day,it is said,Newton saw a
28、n apple fall from a tree.据说，有一天牛顿见到一个苹果从树上掉下来。五、插入语6.简短的句子结构作插入语What is more important,information superhighways can carry great amounts of information around the country quickly and cheaply.更重要的是，信息高速公路能把大量信息迅速、便宜地传遍全国。7.疑问句作插入语do you think你认为 do you know你知道dont you think难道你不认为 dont you know难道你不知道W
29、hat do you suppose the problem is about?你认为这个问题是关于什么的呢？Do you know what the problem is?你知道这个问题是关于什么的吗？特殊句式巩固练习选择填空1.Not that Im unwilling to lend you a hand,_ Im too busy for the moment.A.because B.but that C.but D.and that2.-Youve booked a ticket on a four oclock flight?-What chance_ of taking an e
30、arlier planeA.there is B.is it C.there it is D.is there3.-Could you mail these letters for me please?-_ letters?Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you again.A.What B.Some C.More D.Different4.-Youd better keep quiet in class.-Sometimes I_.Yesterday,I was very quiet during my English
31、 class.A.would B.do C.did D.haveB DC B 特殊句式巩固练习选择填空5.-I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.-_,lets go and see him.A.Whats more B.If so C.Where possible D.When necessary6.-Who is making so much noise in the garden?-_ the children.A.It is B.They are C.That is D.There are7.It isnt cold enou
32、gh for there_ a frost(霜)tonight,so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.A.to be B.will be C.is D.being8.-Will you go to the party?-Of course I will if_.A.I was invited B.invited C.I will be invited D.having invitedBAAB特殊句式巩固练习选择填空9._ the students were to hear the exciting news!A.How pleased B.What
33、a fun C.How happily D.What pleasure10.-I want to ask you a question,sir.-_?A.Why B.What for C.What about D.How about11.-Dont forget to take the message to my teacher.-_.A.Yes,I will B.No,I wont C.I dont think so D.Sorry,I dont12._,youll never be able to persuade him.A.However hard may you try B.Try
34、however hard you mayC.However hard you may try D.Try hard however you mayACB C特殊句式巩固练习选择填空13.-Could you_ take care of my dog while Im away?-Sure.Leave it to me,please.A.perhaps B.possibly C.maybe D.probably14.Some people waste a lot of food_ others havent enough to eat.A.however B.when C.as D.while1
35、5.So absorbed_ in her work that she didnt realize I was behind her.A.did she B.was she C.she did D.she was16.-Were all the people in the taxi injured in the accident?-No,_ only the two passengers who got hurt.A.there was B.there were C.that was D.it wasBDBD特殊句式巩固练习选择填空17.-You must do as I tell you.-
36、Oh,I must,_?A.should I B.ought I C.mustnt I D.must I18.I know Jack spends at least as much time reading as he_.A.does writing B.is writing C.writes D.does to write19.-It is fine today.-_.And a very day for fishing,isnt it?A.So it is B.It is so C.Is it so D.So is it20.Not once in these years_ the pri
37、ces of these products.A.we changed B.have we changed C.did we change D.we have changedDB AA 特殊句式巩固练习翻译句子1.接着跑出来一群狗。2.里面站着许多白皮肤、怪模样的动物，一个个长着又大又黑的眼睛。3.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚。4.只有辛勤劳动才能浇灌出丰硕的成果。特殊句式巩固练习翻译句子1.接着跑出来一群狗。Then out rushed a pack of dogs！2.里面站着许多白皮肤、怪模样的动物，一个个长着又大又黑的眼睛。Standing inside
38、were lots of white-skinned,strange-looing creatures with large black eyes.3.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚。Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.4.只有辛勤劳动才能浇灌出丰硕的成果。Only by working hard can we reap bumper harvest.特殊句式巩固练习翻译句子5.周扬永远不会忘记他在一家很受欢迎的英语报社第
39、一天上班党工作任务。6.我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友也喜欢。7.他沉浸在了小说中，以至于没有注意到父亲在门口。8.此时的罗马不仅是一座城市和一个共和国，它也成为了历史上最大的帝国之一的都成。特殊句式巩固练习翻译句子5.周扬永远不会忘记他在一家很受欢迎的英语报社第一天上班党工作任务。Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.6.我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友也喜欢。I loved this movie and so did all my friends.
40、7.他沉浸在了小说中，以至于没有注意到父亲在门口。So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door.8.此时的罗马不仅是一座城市和一个共和国，它也成为了历史上最大的帝国之一的都成。Not only was Rome a city and a republic,but it was also to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history.特殊句式巩固练习翻译句子9.首先想到骑车从湄公河源头到终点旅游的是我姐姐。1
41、0.直到失去了健康才能真正懂得它的价值。11.可能赢这次竞赛的人的人是你。12.我们中有些人学习法语，有些人学习英语。特殊句式巩固练习翻译句子9.首先想到骑车从湄公河源头到终点旅游的是我姐姐。It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.10.直到失去了健康才能真正懂得它的价值。It was not until you have lost health that you truly appreciate its value.11.可能赢这次竞赛的人的人是你。It is you who are likely to win the contest.12.我们中有些人学习法语，有些人学习英语。Some of us study French,others(study)English.