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1、高考英语二轮复习外刊阅读训练：水泥森林改编自The roar of mountain lions mixes with the roar of trafficLos Angeles is known for its busy highways, but it is also home to mountain lions living in the Santa Monica Mountains, which are vital to maintaining a healthy ecosystem. The population of these apex predators is stable,
2、 and their habitat is mostly pristine wilderness. However, their existence is threatened by habitat fragmentation caused by Route 101, a highway cutting through the mountains, effectively separating the lions from a larger wilderness to the north. As a result, genetic degradation and inbreeding have
3、 become severe problems leading to increased chances of extinction. A study conducted in 2016 showed that there was between a 15-22% chance of extinction in 50 years due to environmental factors. Still, the more significant concern was genetic deterioration, leading to a 99.7% chance of extinction.T
4、he importance of genetic diversity prompted Californians to take action and create an overpass bridge spanning 165 feet (50 metres) wide over Route 101, allowing mountain lions to pass over safely. Similar corridors have worked elsewhere, such as the elk overpasses over the Trans-Canada Highway and
5、bridges for red crabs on Christmas Island. Through campaigning and fundraising efforts, the governor launched construction of the corridor.Mountain lions become sexually mature at two and a half to three years and have cubs every other year. Within ten years of completion, the offspring of the first
6、 mating beyond the mountains could have cubs, making a difference genetically. Experts believe that this solution will help sustain the mountain lion population, ultimately saving them from extinction.【重点词汇】1. Los Angeles /ls ndliz/ n. 洛杉矶2. highways /hawez/ n. 高速公路3. mountain lions /mantn lanz/ n.
7、“山狮”，即美洲狮4. Santa Monica Mountains /snt mnk mantnz/ n. 圣莫尼卡山脉5. vital /vatl/ adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的6. maintaining /menten/ v. 维持，保持7. healthy ecosystem /hli iksstm/ 健康生态系统8. population /ppjlen/ n. 种群；人口9. apex predators /epks prdtrz/ n. 食物链顶端掠食者10. stable /stebl/ adj. 稳定的11. habitat /hbtt/ n. 栖息地12. prist
8、ine wilderness /prstin wldns/ n. 原始野生13. existence /zstns/ n. 存在14. threatened /rtnd/ v. 威胁，使处于危险中15. habitat fragmentation /hbtt frmnten/ 栖息地分割16. Route 101 /rut wn wn/ n. 美国101号公路17. highway /hawe/ n. 公路；高速公路18. effectively /fktvli/ adv. 有效地19. separating /spret/ v. 分离，隔开20. larger wilderness /ld
9、wldns/ 更大的荒野21. genetic degradation /drden/ 遗传退化22. inbreeding /nbrid/ n. 近亲繁殖23. problems /prblmz/ n. 问题；困难24. increased chances /nkrist tnsz/ 增加概率25. extinction /kstkn/ n. 灭绝26. study /stdi/ n. 研究27. environmental factors /nvarnmntl fktz/ 环境因素28. concern /knsrn/ n. 关注；担忧29. genetic deterioration /
10、dtriren/ 遗传恶化30. take action /tek kn/ 执行行动31. overpass bridge /ovrps brd/ 立交桥32. spanning /spn/ v. 跨越33. safely /sefli/ adv. 安全地34. corridors /krdrz/ n. 走廊；通道35. elk overpasses /lk vpsz/ 麋鹿立交桥36. Trans-Canada Highway /trnz-knd hawe/ 加拿大横贯公路37. bridges /brdz/ n. 桥梁38. red crabs /rd krbz/ 红蟹39. campai
11、gning /kmpen/ v. 竞选；宣传40. fundraising efforts /fndrez efrts/ 筹款努力41. governor /vnr/ n. 州长42. construction /knstrkn/ n. 建设【阅读理解练习题】1. What is the main threat to the mountain lion population in the Santa Monica Mountains?A. Lack of preyB. Competition from other predatorsC. Habitat fragmentation caused
12、 by a highwayD. Disease outbreaksAnswer: C中文解析：Sante Monica山脉中美洲狮的主要威胁是一条切穿山脉的公路，导致栖息地被分割。2. What environmental problem is caused by genetic degradation and inbreeding?A. Increased predationB. Higher competition for resourcesC. Reduced genetic diversityD. OverpopulationAnswer: C中文解析：基因退化和近亲繁殖带来的一个环境
13、问题是降低了基因多样性。3. What was the chance of extinction due to environmental factors in 50 years according to the 2016 study?A. 15-22%B. 50-75%C. 80-90%D. 99.7%Answer: A中文解析：2016年的研究显示，由于环境因素，在50年内灭绝的可能性在15-22%之间。4. What solution did Californians create to address the issue of habitat fragmentation for the
14、 mountain lions?A. Building an overpass bridge over the highwayB. Removing Route 101 from the mountainsC. Creating more housing developments in the areaD. Relocating the mountain lion population to another locationAnswer: A中文解析：加利福尼亚人为解决山狮的栖息地分裂问题创造的解决方案是在公路上建造一座过街天桥。5. What is the purpose of the el
15、k overpasses and red crab bridges mentioned in the article?A. To provide better views of wildlifeB. To make the highways more aesthetically pleasingC. To keep animals from crossing the highwayD. To safely connect fragmented habitatsAnswer: D中文解析：文章提到的麋鹿天桥和圣诞岛上蟹子的天桥的目的是为了安全地连接分裂的栖息地。6. At what age do
16、 mountain lions become sexually mature?A. One and a half to two yearsB. Two and a half to three yearsC. Four to five yearsD. Six to seven yearsAnswer: B中文解析：美洲狮在两岁半到三岁左右会变得性成熟并每隔一年生育幼崽。7. How often do mountain lion females have cubs?A. Every yearB. Every other yearC. Every three yearsD. Every four y
17、earsAnswer: B中文解析：美洲狮雌性每隔一年会生育幼崽。8. What do experts believe building the corridor will ultimately achieve for the mountain lion population?A. Lower genetic diversityB. Increased habitat fragmentationC. Improvements in hunting successD. Protection against extinctionAnswer: D中文解析：专家认为修建走廊最终将保护山狮免于灭绝。
18、【全文逐句对照翻译】洛杉矶以其繁忙的高速公路而闻名，但它也是生活在圣莫尼卡山脉的美洲狮的家园，它们对维持健康的生态系统至关重要。Los Angeles is known for its busy highways, but it is also home to mountain lions living in the Santa Monica Mountains, which are vital to maintaining a healthy ecosystem.这些顶级食肉动物的数量是稳定的，它们的栖息地大多是原始的荒野。The population of these apex preda
19、tors is stable, and their habitat is mostly pristine wilderness.然而，它们的生存受到101号公路造成的栖息地破碎的威胁，这条公路穿过山脉，有效地将狮子与北部更大的荒野分开。However, their existence is threatened by habitat fragmentation caused by Route 101, a highway cutting through the mountains, effectively separating the lions from a larger wildernes
20、s to the north.因此，遗传退化和近亲繁殖已经成为严重的问题，导致灭绝的可能性增加。As a result, genetic degradation and inbreeding have become severe problems leading to increased chances of extinction.2016年进行的一项研究表明，由于环境因素，50年内灭绝的可能性在15-22%之间。A study conducted in 2016 showed that there was between a 15-22% chance of extinction in 50
21、 years due to environmental factors.然而，更令人担忧的是基因退化，导致99.7%的灭绝几率。Still, the more significant concern was genetic deterioration, leading to a 99.7% chance of extinction.基因多样性的重要性促使加州人采取行动，在101号公路上建造了一座165英尺(50米)宽的立交桥，让美洲狮安全地通过。The importance of genetic diversity prompted Californians to take action an
22、d create an overpass bridge spanning 165 feet (50 metres) wide over Route 101, allowing mountain lions to pass over safely.类似的走廊在其他地方也奏效了，比如加拿大横断公路上的麋鹿立交桥和圣诞岛上的红蟹桥。Similar corridors have worked elsewhere, such as the elk overpasses over the Trans-Canada Highway and bridges for red crabs on Christmas
23、 Island.通过竞选和筹款，州长启动了走廊的建设。Through campaigning and fundraising efforts, the governor launched construction of the corridor.美洲狮在两岁半到三岁时性成熟，每两年生一次幼崽。Mountain lions become sexually mature at two and a half to three years and have cubs every other year.在完成后的十年内，第一次在山外交配的后代可能会有幼崽，这在基因上是不同的。Within ten years of completion, the offspring of the first mating beyond the mountains could have cubs, making a difference genetically.专家认为，这一解决方案将有助于维持美洲狮的数量，最终使它们免于灭绝。Experts believe that this solution will help sustain the mountain lion population, ultimately saving them from extinction.学科网（北京）股份有限公司