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1、高考英语外刊阅读训练阅读理解：呼吁暂停开发更先进人工智能【原标题】Elon Musk and Others Call for Pause on A.I., Citing Profound Risks to Society【原文】More than 1,000 technology leaders and researchers, including Elon Musk, have urged artificial intelligence labs to pause development of the most advanced systems, warning in an open let
2、ter that A.I. tools present “profound risks to society and humanity.”A.I. developers are “locked in an out-of-control race to develop and deploy ever more powerful digital minds that no one not even their creators can understand, predict or reliably control,” according to the letter, which the nonpr
3、ofit Future of Life Institute released on Wednesday.Others who signed the letter include Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple; Andrew Yang, an entrepreneur and a 2020 presidential candidate; and Rachel Bronson, the president of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which sets the Doomsday Clock.“Th
4、ese things are shaping our world,” said Gary Marcus, an entrepreneur and academic who has long complained of flaws in A.I. systems, in an interview. “We have a perfect storm of corporate irresponsibility, widespread adoption, lack of regulation and a huge number of unknowns.”A.I. powers chatbots lik
5、e ChatGPT, Microsofts Bing and Googles Bard, which can perform humanlike conversations, create essays on an endless variety of topics and perform more complex tasks, like writing computer code.The push to develop more powerful chatbots has led to a race that could determine the next leaders of the t
6、ech industry. But these tools have been criticized for getting details wrong and their ability to spread misinformation.The open letter called for a pause in the development of A.I. systems more powerful than GPT-4, the chatbot introduced this month by the research lab OpenAI, which Mr. Musk co-foun
7、ded. The pause would provide time to introduce “shared safety protocols” for A.I. systems, the letter said. “If such a pause cannot be enacted quickly, governments should step in and institute a moratorium,” it added.Development of powerful A.I. systems should advance “only once we are confident tha
8、t their effects will be positive and their risks will be manageable,” the letter said.“Humanity can enjoy a flourishing future with A.I.,” the letter said. “Having succeeded in creating powerful A.I. systems, we can now enjoy an A.I. summer in which we reap the rewards, engineer these systems for th
9、e clear benefit of all and give society a chance to adapt.”For years, many A.I. researchers, academics and tech executives, including Mr. Musk, have worried that A.I. systems could cause even greater harm. Some are part of a vast online community called rationalists or effective altruists who believ
10、e that A.I could eventually destroy humanity.The letter was shepherded by the Future of Life Institute, an organization dedicated to researching existential risks to humanity that has long warned of the dangers of artificial intelligence. But it was signed by a wide variety of people from industry a
11、nd academia.Though some who signed the letter are known for repeatedly expressing concerns that A.I. could destroy humanity, others, including Mr. Marcus, are more concerned about its near-term dangers, including the spread of disinformation and the risk that people will rely on these systems for me
12、dical and emotional advice.The letter “shows how many people are deeply worried about what is going on,” said Mr. Marcus, who signed the letter. He believes the letter will be a turning point. “It think it is a really important moment in the history of A.I. and maybe humanity,” he said.He acknowledg
13、ed, however, that those who had signed the letter might find it difficult to persuade the wider community of companies and researchers to put a moratorium in place. “The letter is not perfect,” he said. “But the spirit is exactly right.”【重点词汇】1. cite sat v. 引用，援引；引证，引以为例；传唤，传讯；嘉奖，表彰 n. 引用，引文；cites；c
14、ites；citing；cited；cited2. urge d v. 敦促，催促，力劝；竭力主张，强烈要求；驱赶，鞭策；鼓励，激励（ sb. on. n. 强烈的欲望，冲动；推动力；urges；urges；urging；urged；urged3. profound prfand adj. （影响）深刻的，极大的；（感情）强烈的，深切的；（思想）深邃的，（见解）深刻的；深的，深处的；完全的；艰深的，玄奥的；（疾病，残疾）严重的4. humanity hj()mnt n. 人类（总称）；人性，人的属性；人道，仁慈；（历史、哲学、文学等）人文学科；humanities5. accord kd n.
15、 协议，条约；符合，一致 v. 使受到，给予（某种待遇）；（与）一致，符合；accords；accords；according；accorded；accorded6. release rls v. 释放，放走；使出院；把（动物）放生；解救；放开；拉开，松开（装置）；发射，投（弹）；公布，发布；发行，上映；表达，发泄；释放，排放（物质）；解除（职务或工作），解雇；放弃，让予；使不紧张；开放，解禁 n. （人或动物的）释放，放出；排放，泄漏；（设备的）松开，拉开；释放装置（如按、拉的装置）；表达，宣泄；解脱，轻松感；放松的机会；新发行的东西；公开，发布；公映；（责任等的）免除，解除；免责书；放弃，
16、让予；放弃文书；传球；releases；releases；releasing；released；released7. entrepreneur ntrprn n. 企业家，创业者；主办者，提倡者；entrepreneurs8. bulletin bultn n. （广播或电视中的）新闻简报；公告，布告；（机构或社团的）通讯，刊物；bulletins；bulletins；bulletining；bulletined；bulletined9. academic kdemk adj. 学业的，学术的；学校的，学院的；学业（成绩）优秀的，善于学习的；不切实际的，空谈的 n. 大学教师，学者；（学校或学
17、院的）课程；大学生；academics10. complain kmplen v. 诉说 （病痛）；悲叹，悲鸣；（构造，机械装置）（因拉力或压力）呻吟，咯吱作响；抱怨，投诉；complains；complaining；complained；complained11. flaw fl n. 缺点，缺陷；裂痕，瑕疵 v. 削弱，使失效；flaws；flaws；flawing；flawed；flawed12. numb nm adj. 麻木的，失去感觉的；迟钝的，呆滞的 v. 使麻木，使失去知觉；使迟钝，使呆滞；使（某种感觉）减轻，使减弱；number；numbs；numbing；numbed；nu
18、mbed13. essay ese, es n. （学生为某门课程所写的）短文，论说文；（用来刊登的）散文，随笔；企图，尝试；尚未采用的邮票设计图案 v. 试图，作尝试；essays；essays；essaying；essayed；essayed14. writing rat n. 写作，著书；作品，著作；写，书写；字迹；（书写或印刷的）文字；(某作家或专题的)着作，作品（writings） v. 写字；写作；写信（write的现在分词）；writings15. code kd n. 密码，暗码；（邮政）编码，（电话）区号；（计算机）编码；道德准则，行为规范；法典，法规 v. 把编码（或编号）
19、；把译成密码；（给计算机）编写指令 【名】 （code）（英、法、西）科德（人名）；codes；codes；coding；coded；coded16. criticize krtsaz v. 批评，指责；评论；criticizes；criticizing；criticized；criticized17. flourish flr v. 繁荣，昌盛；挥动；（植物或动物）长势好，茁壮成长 n. 夸张动作；（讲话或文章的）华丽辞藻，修饰；花彩号声；（手写花体字的）花饰；flourishes；flourishes；flourishing；flourished；flourished18. reap rp
20、 v. 获得，收获；收割（庄稼等） 【名】 （reap）（英）里普（人名）；reaps；reaping；reaped；reaped19. executive gzekjtv adj. 行政的，有执行权的；高档的，豪华的；供主管人员使用的；（有关）经营管理的，领导的 n. 主管，经理；行政部门，执行委员会；executives20. effective fektv adj. 产生预期结果的，有效的；实际的，事实上的；（法律、规则等）生效的，起作用的；给人深刻印象的 n. 实际可作战的士兵；effectives21. shepherd epd n. 牧羊人，羊倌；牧师；指导者 v. 牧（羊）；带领
21、，引领，护送；（尤指精神方面）给指导 【名】 （shepherd）（英、美、菲）谢泼德（人名）；shepherds；shepherds；shepherding；shepherded；shepherded22. dedicate dedket v. 致力于，献身于；把（书、戏剧、音乐作品等）献给；为（建筑物或教堂）举行奉献（或落成）典礼；dedicates；dedicating；dedicated；dedicated23. repeatedly rptdl adv. 重复地，再三地【阅读理解练习题】1. Who signed the open letter calling for a pause
22、 in the development of advanced AI systems?A. Only Elon Musk and Andrew YangB. Only researchers and academicsC. Over 1,000 technology leaders and researchers, including Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and Rachel BronsonD. Only entrepreneurs and presidential candidates答案：C。第一段提到有1000多名科技领袖和研究人员，包括Elon Musk在
23、内，呼吁人工智能实验室暂停最先进系统的开发，并在一封公开信中警告称，AI工具对社会和人类存在“深刻风险”。2. Why did the signatories of the letter call for a pause in AI systems development?A. Because the technology has already been perfectedB. Because theres widespread adoption of AI without regulationC. Because AI chatbots like ChatGPT and Bing can
24、perform complex tasksD. Because AI tools present profound risks to society and humanity答案：D。第一段提到开发者处于一种“失控竞赛”的状态，正在开发和部署越来越强大的数字思维，而没有人-甚至包括他们自己-可以理解，预测或可靠地控制这些思维，因此呼吁暂停开发。3. What is the main concern regarding the future of AI according to the article?A. The potential benefits of AI will never be r
25、ealizedB. Advanced AI systems pose serious risks to humanityC. Disinformation and lack of regulation are holding back AI developmentD. AI chatbots like ChatGPT and Bing have the potential to become leaders in the tech industry答案：B。最后一段提到多年来，许多AI研究人员、学者和技术高管，包括Elon Musk在内，一直担心AI系统可能造成更大的危害，甚至有一部分信奉“理
26、性主义者”或有效利他主义者的人认为，AI最终可能会摧毁人类。4. According to the letter, what needs to happen before more advanced AI systems are developed?A. Governments should introduce a moratorium on AI systems developmentB. Shared safety protocols need to be introduced for AI systemsC. Only technology leaders and researchers
27、 should be involved in AI developmentD. Companies should compete to create the most powerful AI systems答案：B。第五段提到公开信呼吁暂停开发比GPT-4更强大的AI系统，并提出需要引入“共享安全协议”来管理AI系统的发展。5. What is the perfect storm that Gary Marcus warns of in the article?A. Corporate irresponsibility, adoption of AI without regulation, a
28、nd too many unknownsB. A race to develop the most powerful AI systems and lack of understanding or control over their effectsC. Criticism of chatbots like ChatGPT and Bing, even though they perform complex tasksD. Fear that AI systems will eventually destroy humanity答案：A。第四段中Gary Marcus表示，“我们有一场企业不负
29、责任、广泛采用、缺乏监管和大量未知数的完美风暴”。【长难句分析】He acknowledged, however, that those who had signed the letter might find it difficult to persuade the wider community of companies and researchers to put a moratorium in place.主句是主谓宾结构（He acknowledged that），that引导宾语从句。however是副词作连接性状语。在宾语从句中，核心句子结构是主谓宾宾补结构（those migh
30、t find it difficult to persuade the wider community of companies and researchers to put a moratorium in place），形容词difficult作宾语补足语。it是形式宾语，不定式是逻辑宾语。to put a moratorium in place是不定式作宾语补足语。然而，他承认，那些签署这封信的人可能会发现，要说服更广泛的AI行业的公司和研究人员暂停很难。【语言点积累】学习moratorium的用法。这个词作名词，表示an official stopping of an activity
31、for a period of time，官方对某项活动的暂停，其后常接介词on，例：a moratorium on nuclear testing 核试验的暂停【全文翻译】More than 1,000 technology leaders and researchers, including Elon Musk, have urged artificial intelligence labs to pause development of the most advanced systems, warning in an open letter that A.I. tools present
32、 “profound risks to society and humanity.”包括埃隆马斯克在内的1000多名技术领袖和研究人员敦促人工智能实验室暂停最先进系统的开发，并在一封公开信中警告称，人工智能工具“对社会和人类构成了巨大风险”A.I. developers are “locked in an out-of-control race to develop and deploy ever more powerful digital minds that no one not even their creators can understand, predict or reliably
33、 control,” according to the letter, which the nonprofit Future of Life Institute released on Wednesday.非营利组织生命未来研究所周三发布的这封信称，人工智能开发人员“正处于一场失控的竞赛中，以开发和部署越来越强大的数字思维，而没有人甚至他们的创造者能够理解、预测或可靠地控制这些思维”。Others who signed the letter include Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple; Andrew Yang, an entrepreneur an
34、d a 2020 presidential candidate; and Rachel Bronson, the president of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which sets the Doomsday Clock.签署这封信的其他人包括苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫沃兹尼亚克；Andrew Yang，企业家，2020年总统候选人；以及Rachel Bronson，原子科学家公报的主席，该报设定了世界末日时钟。“These things are shaping our world,” said Gary Marcus, an entrep
35、reneur and academic who has long complained of flaws in A.I. systems, in an interview. “We have a perfect storm of corporate irresponsibility, widespread adoption, lack of regulation and a huge number of unknowns.”“这些事情正在塑造我们的世界，”长期抱怨人工智能系统缺陷的企业家和学者加里马库斯在接受采访时说。“我们面临着一场完美的风暴，包括企业不负责任、广泛采用、缺乏监管和大量未知因
36、素。”A.I. powers chatbots like ChatGPT, Microsofts Bing and Googles Bard, which can perform humanlike conversations, create essays on an endless variety of topics and perform more complex tasks, like writing computer code.人工智能为ChatGPT、微软的Bing和谷歌的Bard等聊天机器人提供了动力，它们可以进行类似人类的对话，就各种各样的主题撰写文章，并执行更复杂的任务，如编写
37、计算机代码。The push to develop more powerful chatbots has led to a race that could determine the next leaders of the tech industry. But these tools have been criticized for getting details wrong and their ability to spread misinformation.开发更强大的聊天机器人的努力导致了一场可能决定科技行业下一任领导者的竞赛。但这些工具因细节错误以及传播错误信息的能力而受到批评。The
38、 open letter called for a pause in the development of A.I. systems more powerful than GPT-4, the chatbot introduced this month by the research lab OpenAI, which Mr. Musk co-founded. The pause would provide time to introduce “shared safety protocols” for A.I. systems, the letter said. “If such a paus
39、e cannot be enacted quickly, governments should step in and institute a moratorium,” it added.这封公开信呼吁暂停开发比GPT-4更强大的人工智能系统，GPT-4是马斯克共同创立的研究实验室OpenAI本月推出的聊天机器人。信中表示，暂停将为人工智能系统引入“共享安全协议”提供时间。它补充道：“如果这种暂停不能迅速实施，政府应该介入并实施暂停。”。Development of powerful A.I. systems should advance “only once we are confident
40、 that their effects will be positive and their risks will be manageable,” the letter said.信中说，“只有当我们确信它们的效果是积极的，风险是可控的”，强大的人工智能系统的开发才能取得进展。“Humanity can enjoy a flourishing future with A.I.,” the letter said. “Having succeeded in creating powerful A.I. systems, we can now enjoy an A.I. summer in whi
41、ch we reap the rewards, engineer these systems for the clear benefit of all and give society a chance to adapt.”信中写道：“有了人工智能，人类可以享受繁荣的未来。”。“在成功创建了强大的人工智能系统后，我们现在可以享受一个人工智能之夏，在这个夏天我们可以收获回报，为所有人的明确利益设计这些系统，并给社会一个适应的机会。”For years, many A.I. researchers, academics and tech executives, including Mr. Musk
42、, have worried that A.I. systems could cause even greater harm. Some are part of a vast online community called rationalists or effective altruists who believe that A.I could eventually destroy humanity.多年来，包括马斯克在内的许多人工智能研究人员、学者和科技高管一直担心人工智能系统可能会造成更大的伤害。一些人是一个名为理性主义者或有效利他主义者的庞大网络社区的一部分，他们认为a.I最终可能毁灭
43、人类。The letter was shepherded by the Future of Life Institute, an organization dedicated to researching existential risks to humanity that has long warned of the dangers of artificial intelligence. But it was signed by a wide variety of people from industry and academia.这封信是由生命未来研究所领导的，该组织致力于研究人类生存风险
44、，长期以来一直警告人工智能的危险。但它是由来自工业界和学术界的各种各样的人签署的。Though some who signed the letter are known for repeatedly expressing concerns that A.I. could destroy humanity, others, including Mr. Marcus, are more concerned about its near-term dangers, including the spread of disinformation and the risk that people will
45、 rely on these systems for medical and emotional advice.尽管一些签署这封信的人以反复表达对人工智能可能毁灭人类的担忧而闻名，但包括马库斯在内的其他人更担心人工智能的近期危险，包括虚假信息的传播，以及人们依赖这些系统获得医疗和情感建议的风险。The letter “shows how many people are deeply worried about what is going on,” said Mr. Marcus, who signed the letter. He believes the letter will be a t
46、urning point. “It think it is a really important moment in the history of A.I. and maybe humanity,” he said.签署这封信的马库斯说，这封信“表明有多少人对正在发生的事情深感担忧”。他相信这封信将是一个转折点。他说：“它认为这是人工智能历史上一个非常重要的时刻，也许也是人类历史上的一个时刻。”。He acknowledged, however, that those who had signed the letter might find it difficult to persuade the wider community of companies and researchers to put a moratorium in place. “The letter is not perfect,” he said. “But the spirit is exactly right.”然而，他承认，那些签署了这封信的人可能会发现很难说服更广泛的公司和研究人员实施暂停令。“这封信并不完美，”他说。“但精神是正确的。”学科网（北京）股份有限公司