中考英语词性复习讲义(二).docx

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1、数词num.一、基数词(描述数量的多少)(一)写法1.12345678910onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten2. 11-19:除eleven、twelve、thirteen、fifteen、eighteen外,后加teen3. 20-99:整十:除twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、eighty外,后加ty几十几:十位和各位之间加“-”例:21:twenty-one4.百位数:个数基数词+hundred表示“几百”,几十几和百位之间加and例:367:three hundred and sixty-seven5.千位及以上: 从右往

2、左,每隔3位加“,”第一个“,”前加thousand(千)第二个“,”前加million(百万)第三个“,”前加billion(十亿)例:250064250,064two hundred and fifty thousand and sixty-fourAttention1.“百”“千”等在具体数字后不加“s”,但有“hundreds of”、“thousands of”等词组2.表示人的不确切年龄,用几十的复数形式例:in ones thirties(在某人三十几岁时)3.表示年代用几十的复数形式例:in the 1960s(在20世纪60年代)二、序数词(一)写法1.1-9: first

3、second third fourth sixth seventh eighth ninth.2.10-19: tenth eleventh twelfth(基数词+th)3.几十ty变tie加th 例:50 fiftieth4.几十几,头不变尾变,中间加“-”例:55 fifty-fifth5.多位数,结尾变序数词例:111 a hundred and eleventh(二)用法1.前加定冠词,表第几例:He is the fifth in class.2.前加不定冠词,表示再一、又一例:I will go there a second time.3.表示年月日例:June 14th, 20

4、08.4.前有形容词性物主代词/名词所有格时不加the例:This is her tenth birthday.一、 分数(一)构成1.分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于1时分母变复数例:16 one sixth2.二分之一常说成“a / one half”, 四分之一常说成“a / one quater”3.小数读法:小数前正常读,小数点后逐个读,小数点读point例:3.14 three point one four4.百分数读法:百分号前正常读,百分号读percent例:50% - fifty percent形容词或副词adj. & adv.一、基本用法(一)形容词1.常做的句子成分定语,

5、放名词之前例:This is a beautiful garden.表语,放系动词之后例:She is very clever.补语例:He made us happy.2.用法修饰不定代词时置后例:I want to do something meaningful.enough修饰形容词和副词时置后例:He is old enough to live alone.以ing结尾理解为本身是(客观);以ed结尾理解为感到(主观)例:interesting(有趣的)interested(感兴趣的)(二)副词1.修饰动词时置后例:He studied hard.2.修饰形容词或副词时前置例:He j

6、umps very high.3.频率副词修饰动词,放在系动词、助动词之后,实义动词前(be后动前)例:The boy is often exercise.He usually comes to school on foot.二、三级变化(一)规则变化1.词尾加er/est2.以不发音的e结尾,加r/st例:tall-taller-tallest例:close-closer-closest3.以辅音+y结尾,把y改i加er/est例:easy-easier-easiest4.以重读闭音节结尾,双写辅音字母加er/est例:hot-hotter-hottest5.一些双音节词和所有多音节词在原级

7、前加more / most例:important - more important - most important重读闭音节1.辅音+元音+辅音2.重读3.元音字母为短元音音节怎么数1.有几个元音就有几个音节2.两个元音连在一起只发一个元音,算一个音节3.词尾e不发音不算音节4.词尾的le可以和前一个辅音构成一个音节(二)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good、wellbetterbestbad、ill、badlyworseworstmany、muchmoremostlittlelessleast三、原级句型1.as + adj. / adv. + as译:与一样例:You can run as

8、 fast as Tom.2.not as + adj. / adv. + as译:与不一样例:She is not as tall as him.(不一样高)3.not so + adj. / adv. + as译:不如例:She is not so tall as him.(不如他高)四、比较级句型1.A + adj. / adv. + than + B译:A比B更例:The tree is taller than that one.2.adj. / adv. + and + adj. / adv.译:越来越例:It becomes more and more warmer.3.the +

9、 adj. / adv. , the + adj. / adv.译:越,越例:The sooner, the better.4.the + adj. / adv. + of the two译:两者中更的一个例:The taller of the twins.5. adj. / adv. than any other + n.单数译:比其他任何一个都更例:He is younger than any other student.五、最高级句型1.the + adj. / adv. + n.单数 + in / of +短语译:之中最例:Shanghai is the biggest city of

10、 China.2.one of the + adj. / adv. + n.复数 + in / of + 短语译:最之一例:Yao Ming is one of the tallest athletes in China.3.Which is the + adj. / adv. , A, B, or C?译:哪个是ABC(三者及以上)中最的?例:Who is the youngest, Tom, Tina or Sally?动词v.一、情态动词(一)can / could / be able to1.表能力can:表现在的能力例:I can run fast.could:表过去的能力例:I c

11、ould walk when I was 9 months old.be able to:表将来/通过努力获得的能力例:I will be able to pass the exam if I study harder.2.表委婉请求can例:Can I play football after class?could例:Could you do sth.? Could you please (not) do sth.?此时的could不是can的过去式3.表推测can:疑问、否定句,表惊讶例:Can this be done by him?could:肯定、疑问、否定句例:He could b

12、e on his way home now.(二)may / might1.表“可以”,说话人许可或请求得到许可例:You may take it home.May I take it home?2.表推测may:肯定、否定句、疑问句例:Who may she be?might:肯定、否定、疑问句例:He might know the answer.Tips:might may可能性小 可能性大3.问答例:May I use your phone?-Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.(三)must / have to / need1.表示义务、责任must:“必须”

13、,否定意义为“禁止”,侧重主观看法例:We must study hard.You mustnt lies.have to:“不得不”,否定意义为“不需要、不必”,强调客观情况例:I have to get up early.I dont have to get up early.need:用在疑问、否定句中2.问答must例:Must I finish my homework today?-Yes, you must. / No, you neednt (dont have to).need例:Need I finish my homework now?-Yes, you must. / N

14、o, you neednt.注意以上两个问句中肯定答句与否定答句所用的单词3.must表推测用于肯定句,意义是“一定”,否定为cant,意义是“不可能”例:He must at home now.He cant at school.(四)should / ought to / shall1.should, ought to 表建议例:You should / ought to do it yourself.should have done / ought to have done译:“本应该”(却没有)例:You should have been here yesterday.译:你昨天本应该

15、到这。(却没有到这)shouldnt have done / ought not to have done译:“本不应该”(却做了)例:You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading room.译:你本不应该把书带出阅览室。(却带出来了)Tips:be used to doing习惯于做某事例:Im used to getting up early.be used to do sth.被用来做某事例:The knife is used to cut fruit.2.shall征求意见,主语一般第一人称例:Shall we go?Shall I make you some coffee?(五)used to / dare1.dare:“敢”,疑问句、否定句例:I dare not do it.2.used to:“过去常常做”例:I used to smoke.否定为:didnt use to / used not to疑问句:diduse to / Usedto8学科网(北京)股份有限公司

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