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1、介词+关系代词Preposition+which /+whomATTIBUTIVE:FOLLOW ATTIBUTIVE:FOLLOW ME!ME!定语从句定语从句2介词介词+关系词的定义关系词的定义当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前He is the person _ you spoke to that/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke.whomThis is the house _ I lived in 4 years agoThis
2、 is the house _ I lived 4y agothat/which whichtoin3The cityThe city which which she lives inin is far away.The manThe man whom whom you spoke toto is our headmaster.Thefarmwhichwe worked on ten years ago is beautiful.This isthetreewhichwe used to play games under.Thefarmonwhichwe worked ten years ag
3、o is beautiful.The manThe man toto whom you spoke is our headmaster.whom you spoke is our headmaster.The cityThe city inin which which she lives is far away.This isthetreeunderwhichwe used to play games.介词介词+关系词的功能关系词的功能一、一、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要起关系副结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关词的作用，即在定语
4、从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只有系代词只有whom,which和和whose 三个，不能用三个，不能用that.二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人，先行词是人时，介词后用关系词时，介词后用关系词whom.四、表所属关系时用四、表所属关系时用of which/whomThe boy _ parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam.whoseThe boy the parents of whom are bot
5、h doctors won the first place in the exam.=of whom the parents5关系副词关系副词when,where,why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系之间的关系关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用可以用适当的介词适当的介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which。61.Iwontforgetthe dateonwhichIwasborn.2.Thisisthe roominwhichIlived.3.Idontknowth
6、e reasonforwhichhehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthe daysduringwhichtheylivedinTianjin.!5.Hangzhouisthe placetowhichIwentlastyear.6.Irememberthe dayonwhichmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.=when=where=why=when=where=when介词介词+关系词中介词的选择关系词中介词的选择根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。根据从句
7、中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。介词。根据从句句意的需要来确定介词。根据从句句意的需要来确定介词。根据主从句搭配关系的需要来确定介词。根据主从句搭配关系的需要来确定介词。大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点可以互相讨论下，但要小声点The money_whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforgetthe day_whichhefailedintheexam.Thisisthe mountain vi
8、llage_whichIstayedlastyear.Illneverforgetthe farm_whichIworkedtogetherwithyou.一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词with the money 用钱用钱onwithinonon the day 在那天在那天in the mountain village在山村在山村on the farm在农场在农场Heisreallythe person_whomwehavealottolearn.The girl_whomyouaretalkingisworking.The West
9、Lake,_whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.The man_whomIshookhandsjustnowismydaughtersEnglishteacher.二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定learn from sb.向某人学习向某人学习talk to/with sb.与某人交谈与某人交谈be famous for 因为因为而闻名而闻名shake hands with sb.与某人握手与某人握手fromto/withforwith Air,_whichmancantlive,isreallyimp
10、ortant.三、根据定语从句句意或主从句的搭配关系来确定三、根据定语从句句意或主从句的搭配关系来确定The pen_whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thisismy pair of glasses,_whichIcannotseeclearly.Heisthe girl_whomyouwenttoconcertlastnight.withoutwithwithoutwith一般情况下，介词放在关系代词一般情况下，介词放在关系代词whichwhich和和whomwhom之之 前，也可放在动词后。前，也可放在动词后。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提
11、前固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等等.This is the right place Im looking for.The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.介词介词+关系词中介词的位置关系词中介词的位置 介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词语部分缺少什么介词
12、(习惯搭配习惯搭配),),再则可再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合结合生活实际来判断生活实际来判断.Tips1.Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookformwhichshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用5.ThemantowhomIspokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatw
13、riting.6.Glasses,withoutwhichIcantseeclearly,arereallyimportantforme.7.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichweareproud.8.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhomisafamousdoctor.1.1.名词名词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Wehavethreeforeignteache
14、rs,twoofwhomarefromCanada.2.2.数词数词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词(含基数词含基数词.序数词序数词.分分数和百分数）数和百分数）3.3.代词代词+介词介词+关系代词（代词有关系代词（代词有allall、bothboth、nonenone、eithereither、eithereither、somesome、anyany等）等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.Ihavemanyfriends,someofwhomarefromChina.4.4.形容词最高级形容词最高级+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Chinaha
15、sthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.5.5.介词介词+关系代词关系代词+名词名词Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedmedicine.Look at these sentences!We bought a house in front of _ there is a lake.We had a barbecue on the farm behind _ we found a wood.Mike reached the post office,on the righ
16、t of _ he noticed a supermarket.whichwhichwhich1.The man _I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher.2.A desert is a great plain _ nothing will grow.3.He was the man _room the thief had stolen the bag.4.This is my pair of glasses,_I cannot see clearly.with whomin whichfrom whosewithout w
17、hich5.The girl _he spoke made no answer.6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.7.They asked me a lot of questions,many _ I couldnt answer.8.Two men,_I had ever seen before,came into my office.我以我以前从未见过他们前从未见过他们neither of whomto whomof whichof which9.He go
18、t his first salary，_ he gave to his parents.其中一半其中一半10.Our country has many islands,_is Taiwan.其中最大的其中最大的11.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.the largest of whichhalf of whichof which 介词加关系代词的基本用法The man _ you shook hands just now is our hea
19、dmaster.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now?with whomin whichwith whichon whichwhich22 The farm we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be.He is the man y
20、ou can turn for help.This is the tree we used to play games.on whichto whomunder whichon the farm 在农场在农场turn to sb.for help 向某人求助向某人求助under the tree 在树下在树下23n The sun gives us heat and light,_ we cant live.n The student _ we were talking just now is the best student in our class.n Ill never forget t
21、he day _ she said goodbye to me.n Who can give me the reason _ he hasnt turned up yet?without whichabout whomon whichfor which241.The teacher_ _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.2.This is the house_ _ LuXun once lived.3.The reason _ _ I came here is that I want to get your help.4.The fellow _ _ I spoke mad
22、e no answer.5.The West Lake,_ _ Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.from whom in whichfor which to whomfor which25Practice261.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.
23、atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhomCAB274.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchc
24、anbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhomBCD287.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthemCDB2910.TheSeco
25、ndWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhichACD3013.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustntt
26、oohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosure?17.Theyheldameeting,_whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.atofinaboutatfor3119.Isthisth
27、eman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.inthroughwithof32 I will never forget th
28、e day _ I first went to school.状语状语 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.宾语宾语 The house _ we visited is being repaired now.宾语宾语 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.状语状语when(which/that)(which/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The r
29、eason_he gave isnt believable.宾语宾语whythat whichx1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what 考点一考点一考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,no,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用等不定代词时，关系代词用that4.Hetalkedhapp
30、ilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whomu 先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用that。u 若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代词用关系代词用 that。7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it
31、u先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时，关系代词用等时，关系代词用that。5.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it 1.先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词等不定代词.2.先行词被先行词被all,little,
32、much,every,no,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合。先行词为人和物的组合。5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代词用关系代词用that。只用只用that的情况的情况:考点一考点一考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别 1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surp
33、rised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it 只用只用which的情况的情况:1.逗号后面逗号后面2.介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.AonwhichBthatCwhichD.thisu一个句子一个句子,两个定语从句两个定语从句,为避免重复为避免重复,一个用一个用that,另一另一个用个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us.A that B
34、 which C where D asAnyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在one,anyone,those指人时一般用指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I/they作先行词时作先行词时,用用“who”代替代替“that”.考点二考点二:that与与who的区别的区别whowhowho考点三考点三:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介关键是判断介词的选择词
35、的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词与先行词动词与先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配；方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用引出。此时关系代词只能用which或或whom;不可用不可用that或或who代替。代替。1.Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage
36、.ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省，也不能省略，常用略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。词之前，也可放在从
37、句之尾。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换,但但下列情况多用下列情况多用asas。1.1.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same、soso、asas连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。Such books as you tell me are interesting Such bo
38、oks as you tell me are interesting I have the same plan as you.I have the same plan as you.2.as 2.as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as,as本身有本身有“正如正如,正正象象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 knowknow、seesee、expectexpect、AnnounceAnnounce、point out point out 等。等。As we all know,the earth is round.As we all know,the earth is r
39、ound.1._Engelspointedout,labourcreatedmanhimself.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.TheysaidtheywereFrench._wasnttrue.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As3.Theclockstruckthirteen,_madeeveryonelaugh.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As4.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like考点五考点五:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行定语从
40、句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。词保持一致。1.Iamnotonewhoisafraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,whoamnotfitforthisjob3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.!A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing1.Isthi
41、sfactory_wevisitedlastweek?!Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.towhichD.theone 解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Exercises2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.!A.whereB.thatC.ofwhomD.which 先行词是先行词是situation,case,scenesituation,case,scene时，且在定语从句时，且在定语从句中作状语时，一般用中作状语时，一般用where,where,最佳选择则是最佳选择则是in whichin which.DBA15.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_areouroldfriends.HerearesomeplayersfromJapanandsomeof_areouroldfriends.!A.whichB.thatC.whomD.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD