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1、关于介词关系代词第1页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一Preposition+which /+whomAATTTTIBIBUTUTIIV VEE:F FOLLOWOLLOW MEME!定语从句定语从句第2页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一介词介词+关系词的定义关系词的定义当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前He is the person _ you spoke to that/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke.whomThis is the h
2、ouse _ I lived in 4 years agoThis is the house _ I lived 4y agothat/which whichtoin第3页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一The cityThe city whichwhich she lives inin is far away.The manThe man whomwhom you spoke toto is our headmaster.Thefarmwhichwe worked on ten years ago is beautiful.This isthetreewhichwe used to play g
3、ames under.Thefarmonwhichwe worked ten years ago is beautiful.The manThe man toto whomwhom you spoke is our headmaster.you spoke is our headmaster.The cityThe city inin whichwhich she lives is far away.This isthetreeunderwhichwe used to play games.第4页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一介词介词+关系词的功能关系词的功能一、一、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词
4、”结构在定语从句中主要起结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只。用在介词后的关系代词只有有whom,which和和whose 三个，不能用三个，不能用that.二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人时，先行词是人时，介词后用关系词介词后用关系词whom.四、表所属关系时用四、表所属关系时用of which/whomThe boy _ parents are both doctors won the fir
5、st place in the exam.whoseThe boy the parents of whom are both doctors won the first place in the exam.=of whom the parents第5页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一关系副词关系副词when,where,why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系之间的关系关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用可以用适当的介词适当的介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which。第6页，
6、讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1.Iwontforgetthe dateonwhichIwasborn.2.Thisisthe roominwhichIlived.3.Idontknowthe reasonforwhichhehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthe daysduringwhichtheylivedinTianjin.!5.Hangzhouisthe placetowhichIwentlastyear.6.Irememberthe dayonwhichmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.=when
7、=where=why=when=where=when第7页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一介词介词+关系词中介词的选择关系词中介词的选择根据从句所修饰的根据从句所修饰的先行词先行词的需要来确定介词。的需要来确定介词。根据从句中根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。的需要来确定介词。根据从句根据从句句意句意的需要来确定介词。的需要来确定介词。根据根据主从句搭配关系主从句搭配关系的需要来确定介词。的需要来确定介词。第8页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一The money_whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforgetthe d
8、ay_whichhefailedintheexam.Thisisthe mountain village_whichIstayedlastyear.Illneverforgetthe farm_whichIworkedtogetherwithyou.一、根据从句所修饰的一、根据从句所修饰的先行词先行词的需要来确定介词的需要来确定介词with the money 用钱用钱onwithinonon the day 在那天在那天in the mountain village在山村在山村on the farm在农场在农场第9页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一Heisreallythe person_who
9、mwehavealottolearn.The girl_whomyouaretalkingisworking.The West Lake,_whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.The man_whomIshookhandsjustnowismydaughtersEnglishteacher.二、根据定语从句中的二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词谓语动词或形容词确定确定learn from sb.向某人学习向某人学习talk to/with sb.与某人交谈与某人交谈be famous for 因为因为而闻名而闻名shake hands with s
10、b.与某人握手与某人握手fromto/withforwith第10页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 Air,_whichmancantlive,isreallyimportant.三、根据定语从句三、根据定语从句句意或主从句的搭配关系句意或主从句的搭配关系来确定来确定The pen_whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thisismy pair of glasses,_whichIcannotseeclearly.Heisthe girl_whomyouwenttoconcertlastnight.withoutwithwithoutwith第11页，讲稿
11、共46张，创作于星期一一般情况下，介词放在关系代词一般情况下，介词放在关系代词whichwhich和和whomwhom之之 前，也可放在动词后。前，也可放在动词后。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等等.This is the right place Im looking for.The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.介词介词+关系
12、词中介词的位置关系词中介词的位置第12页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是关键是判断判断介词的选择介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词缺少什么介词(习惯搭配习惯搭配),),再则可以通过整再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来结合生活实际来判断判断.Tips第13页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1.Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookf
13、ormwhichshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?介词介词+关系代词的使用关系代词的使用5.ThemantowhomIspokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.6.Glasses,withoutwhichIcantseeclearly,arereallyimportantforme.7.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichweareproud.8.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?第14页，
14、讲稿共46张，创作于星期一Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhomisafamousdoctor.1.1.名词名词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.2.2.数词数词+介词介词+关系代词关系代词(含基数词含基数词.序数词序数词.分数和分数和百分数）百分数）第15页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一3.3.代词代词+介词介词+关系代词（代词有关系代词（代词有allall、bothboth、non
15、enone、eithereither、eithereither、somesome、anyany等）等）Theoldwomanhastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.Ihavemanyfriends,someofwhomarefromChina.4.4.形容词最高级形容词最高级+介词介词+关系代词关系代词Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.5.5.介词介词+关系代词关系代词+名词名词Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedmedi
16、cine.第16页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一Look at these sentences!We bought a house in front of _ there is a lake.We had a barbecue on the farm behind _ we found a wood.Mike reached the post office,on the right of _ he noticed a supermarket.whichwhichwhich第17页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1.The man _I shook hands just now is my daugh
17、ters English teacher.2.A desert is a great plain _ nothing will grow.3.He was the man _room the thief had stolen the bag.4.This is my pair of glasses,_I cannot see clearly.with whomin whichfrom whosewithout which第18页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一5.The girl _he spoke made no answer.6.The factory produces half a mill
18、ion pairs of shoes every year,80%_are sold abroad.7.They asked me a lot of questions,many _ I couldnt answer.8.Two men,_I had ever seen before,came into my office.我以我以前从未见过他们前从未见过他们neither of whomto whomof whichof which第19页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一9.He got his first salary，_ he gave to his parents.其中一半其中一半10.O
19、ur country has many islands,_is Taiwan.其中最大的其中最大的11.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.the largest of whichhalf of whichof which第20页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 介词加关系代词的基本用法The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.The room _ my family live used
20、 to be a garage.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now?with whomin whichwith whichon whichwhich第21页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 The farm we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be.He is the man you can turn for help.T
21、his is the tree we used to play games.on whichto whomunder whichon the farm 在农场在农场turn to sb.for help 向某人求助向某人求助under the tree 在树下在树下第22页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 The sun gives us heat and light,_ we cant live.The student _ we were talking just now is the best student in our class.Ill never forget the day _ sh
22、e said goodbye to me.Who can give me the reason _ he hasnt turned up yet?without whichabout whomon whichfor which第23页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1.The teacher_ _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.2.This is the house_ _ LuXun once lived.3.The reason _ _ I came here is that I want to get your help.4.The fellow _ _ I spoke
23、made no answer.5.The West Lake,_ _ Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.from whom in whichfor which to whomfor which第24页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一Practice第25页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_Ijoinedth
24、eLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhomCAB第26页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.with
25、outwhichD.that6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhomBCD第27页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.no
26、neofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthemCDB第28页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyest
27、erday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhichACD第29页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustnttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosure?17.Theyheldameeting,_whichtheho
28、spitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.atofinaboutatfor第30页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一19.Isthistheman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyedit
29、verymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.inthroughwithof第31页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.状语状语 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.宾语宾语 The house _ we visited is being repaired now.宾语宾语 The house _ Luxun once lived
30、 is being repaired now.状语状语when(which/that)(which/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable.宾语宾语whythat whichx第32页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.tha
31、tC.whoD.what 考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,no,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用等不定代词时，关系代词用that第33页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom 先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用that。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who
32、或或 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系关系代词用代词用 that。7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it第34页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best),the last,the very,the only 等时，关等时，关系代词用系代词用th
33、at。5.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it 第35页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 1.先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等等不定代词不定代词.2.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),the
34、last,thevery,theonly等时。等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合。先行词为人和物的组合。5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系关系代词用代词用that。只用只用that的情况的情况:考点一考点一考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别第36页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一 1.Jim passed the driving test 1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the _ surprised everybody in the office
35、.office.A.which B that C this D.it A.which B that C this D.it 只用只用which的情况的情况:1.逗号后面逗号后面2.介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.AonwhichBthatCwhichD.this一个句子一个句子,两个定语从句两个定语从句,为避免重复为避免重复,一个用一个用that,另一个用另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us.A th
36、at B which C where D as第37页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在one,anyone,those指人时一般用指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I/they作先行词时作先行词时,用用“who”代替代替“that”.考点二考点二:that与与who的区别的区别whowhowho第38页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一考点三考点三:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒:介词介词
37、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的关键是判断介词的选择选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配；方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。逻辑关系。注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用引出。此时关系代词只能用which或或whom;不可用不可用that或或who代替。代替。1.Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.T
38、heroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.第39页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，也不能省略，常用常用wh
39、ich或或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。也可放在从句之尾。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?第40页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换,但下列但下列情况多用情况多用asas。1.1.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same、so
40、so、asas连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。Such Such books books as as you tell me are interestingyou tell me are interesting I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you.2.2.as as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as,as本身有本身有“正如正如,正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 knowknow、seesee、expectexpect、AnnounceAnnounce、point out poin
41、t out 等。等。AsAs we all know,the earth is round.we all know,the earth is round.第41页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1._Engelspointedout,labourcreatedmanhimself.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.TheysaidtheywereFrench._wasnttrue.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As3.Theclockstruckthirteen,_madeeveryonelaugh.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As4.Wedothesam
42、ework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like第42页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一考点五考点五:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词先行词保保持一致。持一致。1.Iamnotonewhoisafraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,whoamnotfitforthisjob3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswritte
43、nD.thathavewritten4.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.!A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing第43页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?!Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.towhichD.theone 解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。ExercisesExercises2.Letmethinkofap
44、ropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.!A.whereB.thatC.ofwhomD.which 先行词是先行词是situation,case,scenesituation,case,scene时，且在定语从句中作状时，且在定语从句中作状语时，一般用语时，一般用where,where,最佳选择则是最佳选择则是in whichin which.DBA第44页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一15.HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_areouroldfriends.HerearesomeplayersfromJapanandsomeof_areouroldfriends.!A.whichB.thatC.whomD.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD第45页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一2022/9/29感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第46页，讲稿共46张，创作于星期一