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1、2023中考英语精华知识点汇总-.英语语法重点与难点1、as.as 结 构:你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。You re a boy as good as TomYou1 re as good a boy as Tom.2、(l)too.to与so.that sb.can t.的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasn t able to speak.too.to 与not enough to句型的转换:He is to
2、o young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.3、形容词原级表示比较级含义:约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as M汰e.John is less stupid than M汰e.John is cleverer than Mike.4、用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。John is taller than an
3、y other boy in the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.5、the more.the more.表示 越.越.:The more books you read,the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat,the fatter you are.6、more and more.表示 越来.越.:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting
4、stronger and stronger.二.中考考点一词组1.after,in这两个介词都可以表示(时间)以后 的意思after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days.她是三天以后走的in以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中如:She will go in three days.她三天以后要走2.how long,how often,how soonhow long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days,four weeks等)提问?如:How long ago was it?这
5、是多久前的事了?how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:一How often does he come here?Once a month.他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour,in two weeks等)提问?如:How soon can you come?你多快能赶来?3.few,a few,little,a little,several,somefew和little的意思是否定的,表 示 很 少 或 几 乎 没 有 ;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的
6、,表示 有一些,有一点儿”few和a few修饰可数名词;little和a little修饰不可数名词several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含 有 好 几 个 的 意 思some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few或alittle,有时指更多一些的数量4.the other,anotherthe other指两个人或事物中的 另一个,表示特指?如:We stood on one side ofthe road and they stood on the other.我们站在街这边,他们站在那边another着重于不定数目中的“另外一
7、个,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books.她已经拿了我的另外一本书5.spend,take,cost,payspend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading.她把整个晚上用来读书take常常用来指 花费 时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long willthis job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?cost指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主
8、语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?pay主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms bymonth.我按月支付租金6.among,betweenbetween的意思是 在中间,在 之 间 ,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a tablebetween two windows.在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationship between differentprovinces
9、and municiplities省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)7.beat,win这两个词都有 获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是 打 败,优 于 的 意 思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them.我们打败了他们。win 指 赢,获胜 后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the firstplace.我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。8.agree with,agree on,agree toagree on 表 示 就 取得一致意见”?如:We all agree on(making)an early s
10、tart.我们一致同意及早出发?agree with表 示 与 意 见 一 致 ,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。agree t。后面不能接入,只 能 接 提 议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree t。the termsproposed.我同意拟议的条件。9.bring,take,carry,fetch这四个词都是动词,都含有“带
11、或 拿 的 意 思,但使用的场合各不相同。bring 作 带来,拿来“解?如:Next time don t forget to bring me a copy of yourwork.下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。take是bring的对语,作 带 去,拿去解?如:Take the box away,please.请把盒子拿走。carry表 示 运 载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.这辆巴士准载一百人。fetch 则 表 示 去 拿 来 的 意 思。如:Pleas
12、e fetch me the documents in that room.请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。10.each,every两 词 都 是 每 个 的 意 思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。11.no one,nonen。one指 没 有 人(只能指人不能用来指物),意 思 与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,如:No one be
13、lieves him since he is not honest.没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。No one else but I w ent除我以外,谁也没去。none指一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物),作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但 在 主+系+表 结 构 中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is)afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难。12.go on doing,go on to do,go on with这三个动词短语都有继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:g。on d
14、oing表示继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断);g。on tod。表示接着做某事,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;g。on with也表示继续做某事,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。13.too much,much too二者都有太,非常之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词。如:It s much too co Id.天气实在是太冷了。too much作太多讲,有以下三种用法?(1)作名词词组如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 如:Don t drink t。much wine.不要饮太
15、多的酒(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词如:She talks too much.她说话太多14.happen,take place 与 occurhappen有偶然的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever hashappened to your arm?It s all swollen.你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害!occur指有计划地使某些事发生,有时强调呈现于人的知觉中。如:Did itoccur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?事件作主语时,happen 和 occur 可以通用?如:The accident h
16、appened/occurredyesterday.事故是昨天发生的。take place指事件发生,但常用来表示举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:Themeeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。15.in front of,in the front ofin front of 的 意 思 是 在 前 面。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。in the front of的 意 思 是 在 前部 指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is ablackboard in the front of t
17、he classroom.教室里前部有一块黑板16.noise,voice,sound这三个词都作 声音”解,在表示 听到声音 这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。sound作 声 音 解,含义最广指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound微弱的声noise作 噪 音,嘈杂声,吵 闹 声 解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise.另外一种污染是噪音。voice作 声 音 解 时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted atthe top of voi
18、ce.他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作 意 见、发 言 权 解。如:I haveno voice in the matter.对于这件事,我没有发言权。17.arrive,get,reach三者均可表示 到达,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们晚了 5 分钟到车站?又如:They w川arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?get 之后通常接介词 to。如:When we got to the park,it
19、 began to rain.我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。reach是及物动词(较get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:Hereached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。三.情态动词1.考查情态动词表示 推测 的用法 考点快表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must一定;准 是 ,m ay他 许;可 能 ,might 或 许 ;表示否定推测的情态动词有:cant 不可能”,couldnt 不 会 ,may not他 许 不 ,might not 或 许 不 ;can表示推测时不用于肯定句,may表示推测时不用于疑问句。2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答
20、语 考点快忆回答must时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用neednt或dont have too回答need时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用neednt。回答may时,肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustnt或cant.3.考查情态动词的意义 考点快忆must 必 须 ;have to 不得不;need 必 须 需 要 ;can(could)能;可 能 ;may(might)可以;可 能 ;shall,will(would)将;会;愿 意;要;should 应当。had better(not)+动词原形”表示建议;have to/has to/had to 的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词d
21、。/does/did.四.There b e的句子结构There be是一个 存在 句型,表 示 有 的意思,肯定句的形式为:There be+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为 某地有某人或某物。如:There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser
22、on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为:There be+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。There arent any books on the desk.桌子上没书。(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there+(any)+名词+地点状语肯定回答:Yes,there is/are.否定回答:No,there isnt/arent.-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗
23、-Yes,there is.有。-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗-No,there arent.没有。(3)特殊疑问句:How many.are there(+地点状语)某地有多少人或物回答用There b e.Theres one./There are two/three/some 有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two.-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生-Theres only one./There are nine.只有一个。/有九个。(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:
24、How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水五.中考对定语从句的考查:1,定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例 如:This is the present that he gave me for my birthday2.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个
25、成分。关系待客做主语,宾 语,定 语,关系副词可作状语。L作 主 语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例 如:I don t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作 宾 语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called The
26、Great Escape.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例 如:What s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作状语r II never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。例 如:The person who broke the window must pay for it
27、.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例 如:Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate?Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。例 如:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物,在定语
28、从中作主语或宾语。例 如:A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例 如:r ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例
29、如:r II never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例 如:This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四 关 系 代 词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与
30、which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.=That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:先行词是 all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时。例 如:All that he said is true.先行词被。nly,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例 如:He is the
31、 only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例 如:He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例 如:He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which,不用that的情况:(1)在非限制性定语从中。例 如:The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例 如:The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。