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1、2023年考研英语一真题及答案（仅供参考）一、完形填空Use of EnglishCaravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areasincludingChina,North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically _ 1_ outside thewalls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of_ 2.This word Caravanserais”is
2、 a _ 3 of the Persian word“karvan,whichmeans a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.ThePerm caravan was used to _ 4_ groups of people who travelled together across theancient network for safety reasons,5 merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwar
3、ds,as merchant and travel routes become moredeveloped,the _ 6 of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe placefor people to rest at night.Travellers on the Silk Road _ 7_ possibility of beingattacked by thieves or being _ 8 to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strat
4、egically placed _ 9 they could be reached in a day s traveltime.Caravanserais served as an informal _ 10 point for the various people whotravelled the Silk Road._ 11 _,those structures became important centers for culture12 and interaction,with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,_ 13
5、talking knowledge with them,greatly _ 14 the development of severalcivilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and _ 15in the trade of goods along the Silk Road._ 16_,it was frequently the first stopmerchants looking to sell their wares and _ 17 supplies for their
6、own journeys.It is18 that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,_ 19_ only about 3000 are known to remain today,many of which are in _ 20_.1、答 案：C.located第1页 共1 6页2、答 案：A.privately3、答 案：D.combination4、答 案：C.describe5、答 案：C.such as6、答 案：A.construction7、答 案:B.faced8、答 案：B
7、.subjected9、答 案：A.so that10、答案：D.meeting11、答案：D.As a result12、答 案：C.exchange13、答案：C.as well as14、答 案：B.influencing15、答 案：A.aided16、答案：B.indeed17、答案：D.stock up on18、答案：A.believed19、答案：D.although20、答 案：A.ruins二、阅读理解Text 1第2页 共1 6页The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but t
8、hetemperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this monthas officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,who sympathized with views of the energy sector,is resisting theproposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emph
9、asise theprimacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion ofmitigation measures.Most scientists and experts shaiply dispute Hardy s views.They casuallydismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion/says Dan Quinn,senior communications
10、strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,anon-profit group that monitors public education；What millions of Texas kids learnin their public schools is detemiined too often by the political ideology of partisanboard members,rather than facts and sound scholarship/7Such debate reflects fierce discussion
11、 discussions across the US and around theworld,as researchers,policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for agreater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profitgroup of scientists and teachers,loo
12、king at how state public schools across thecountry address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states agrade B+or higher.Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populousstates,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has adisproportionate influence beca
13、use its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre s deputy director,cautions that setting state-levelscience standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralisesdecisions to local school boards.Even if a state is considered a high performer in itsscience standard
14、s,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.第3页 共1 6页Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjectsand at some ages such as earth and space sciences in high schools it is not aswell represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more wid
15、elytaught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studiescourses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines andtextbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficial educationalmaterials that convey more slanted perspectives are
16、 being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industryassociations.21.In paragraph 1,the weather in Texas is mentioned to答案：C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?答 案：B.She denies the value of scientific
17、 work.23.The study mentioned in Paragraph 5答 案：A.Climate education is insufficient at state public school24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the US答 案：C.have limited influence25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in someschools答 案：D.can be swayed by
18、external forcesText 2Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-termrentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s.Now,with record-high homeprices and historically low inventory,there s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry th
19、at developers will come in and buy up swathsof housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.第4页 共1 6页In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on analready strained market.
20、The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would7ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,so anytime you7 retaking the tool out of the toolkit for communities to address this,you re potent
21、iallytaking supply off the market that s already incredibly stressed/said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,employersare having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are h
22、aving a hard timefinding a place to live/Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,a crucial part ofthe economies in places like Nantucket,Cape Cod,or the towns that make up NewHampshire s Seacoast and Lakes Region,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of the CapeCod&Islands Ass
23、ociation of Realtors.A lot of workers are servicing the touristindustry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term/Castle said,and so if s a cyclical effect/Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,anaffordable housing policy expert a
24、t the University of Massachusetts Boston.I thinkindividuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it s theirvacation home anyway,and it s just empty,why can1 t you make money off i t?Hom said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt to create large-scaleshort-term rental fa
25、cilities de facto hotels to bypass taxes and regulations.Ithink the question is,shouldn t a developer who s really building a hotel,but第5页 共1 6页disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?1 Homsaid.At the end of 2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in th
26、osepotential investor-buyers.The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a newstate levy/the Globe reported.Boston took things even further,limiting who isauthorized to rent out their home,and requirin
27、g renters to register with the city1 sInspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling citiesand towns.The only way to solve the issue,however,is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we
28、have tobuild a lot more/26.Which of the following is true of New England?答 案：A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.27.The bill mentioned in the Paragraph 2 was intended to?答 案：D.allow a free short-term rental market.28.Compared with Castle,Tailor is more likely to support?答 案：B in increase in
29、a affordable housing29.What does Horn emphasize in paragraph 3?答案：C the necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is答 案：D an inadequate solution.Text 3If you re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of theDuchess of Susse
30、x s new children s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared第6页 共1 6页to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The Presidents Daughter,the newthriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published nextweek by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-
31、off withWaterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed thatit had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.Thetrade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers werebeing told to remove PRH books from prominent are
32、as such as tables,display spacesand windows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevant sections0.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones toldme:Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,theonly publisher in the UK to place any limita
33、tions on our ability to trade.We are notboycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability forcustomers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do thisgenerally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.Weare hopeful with our
34、shops now open again that normality will return and that we willbe allowed to buy appropriately.Certainly,our shops are exceptionally busy and booksales are very strong.The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any monthsince 2018.”In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have cu
35、stomers,whomight expect the new titles from the country s biggest publisher to be prominentlydisplayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but its those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff s passion forpromoting books by lesser-known writers,who wil
36、l be praying for an end to thedispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences ofthe proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster-the第7页 共1 6页reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer biddingwars,lower adva
37、nces,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And onewonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in theway it has if it weren*t quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger ofPenguin and Random House in 2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part o
38、f a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms withpublishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon/says Lownie.Thepublishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also
39、needsa plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact,choice and different voices.Afterall,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from smallpublishers/We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need amongpublishers to be big enough to take on all-com
40、ers.31.the author mentions two books in the paragraph 1 to present答 案：A.an ongoing conflict32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?答 案：C.to respond to PRHs business move33.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?答 案：A.their customers remain royal
41、34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?答 案：A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownies view?答 案：D The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText 4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in res
42、earch.Each yearresearchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals.The scientific第8页 共1 6页community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including theperceived quality of the journal(as reflected by the title s impact factor)and thenumber of citations a specific p
43、aper accumulates.The careers of scientists and thereputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers theyproduce,but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.In recent years,there have been several episodes of scientific fraud,includingcompletely made-up
44、data,massaged or doctored figures,multiple publications of thesame data,theft of complete articles,plagiarism of text,and self-plagiarism.Andsome scientists have come up with another way to artificially boost the number ofcitations to their work.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutio
45、ns conspire to inflatecitation numbers,have existed fbr a long time.In 2016,researchers developed analgorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors thatdisproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each otherfrequently to increase the impact fac
46、tors of their publications.Recently,I came acrossyet another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support serviceconsultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authorsand to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to theirarticles
47、 and the articles of colleagues.Some of these consultancies are also active inorganizing conferences and can advise that citations be added to conferenceproceedings.In this manner,a single editor can drive hundreds of citations in thedirection of his own articles or those of colleagues that may be i
48、n his circle.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example,anindividualacting as author,editor,and consultant-was able to use at least 15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at threeuniversities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a
49、 high number of thenew“international“journals.In fact,a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to betargeted in this type of citation manipulation.第9页 共1 6页36 According paragraph 1,the careers of scientists can be determinedby_答 案：B how many times their papers are cited37 The support service cons
50、ultancies tend to.答 案：C ask authors to include extra citation38 the function of the milk cow to journals is to.答 案：A boost citation counts for certain authors39.What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraph?答 案：B It has the capability to identify suspicious citation40.What should an a