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1、2023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C orD on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China,North Africa and the Middle East.Th
2、ey were typically _ 1 _ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments _ 2 _.This word“Caravanserais”is a _ 3 _ of the Persian word“karvan”,which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to _ 4 _ groups
3、of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons,_ 5 _ merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the 6 _ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.T
4、ravellers on the Silk Road _ 7 _ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being _ 8 _ to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed _ 9 _ they could be reached in a days travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal _ 10 _ point for the various people who travell
5、ed the Silk Road._ 11 _,those structures became important centers for culture _ 12 _ and interaction,with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,_ 13 _ talking knowledge with them,greatly _ 14 the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for c
6、ommodities and _ 15 _ in the trade of goods alongthe Silk Road._ 16 _,it was frequently the first stop merchants lookingto sell their wares and _ 17 _ supplies for their own journeys.It is _ 18 _that around 120000 to 150000 caravanserais were built alongthe Silk Road,_ 19 _ only about 3000 are known
7、 to remain today,many of which are in _ 20 _.1 A displayed B occupied Cl located D equipped 2 A privately B regularly C respectively D permanently 3 A definition B transition C substitution DI combination 4 A classify B record Cl describe D connect 5 A apart from B instead of Cl such as D along with
8、 6 A construction B restoration C impression D evaluation 7 A doubted Bl faced C accepted D reduced 8 A assigned Bl subjected C accustomed D opposed 9 A so that B even if C now that D in case 10 A talking B starting C breaking DI meeting 11 A by the way B on occasion C in comparison DI As a result 1
9、2 A heritage B revival Cl exchange D status 13 A with regard to B in spite of Cl as well as D in line with 14 A completing Bl influencing C resuming D pioneering 15 A aided B invested C failed D competed 16 A Rather BJ Indeed C Otherwise D However 17 A go in for B standard up for C lose in on ID sto
10、ck up on 18 A believed B predicted C recalled D implied 19 A until B because C unless ID although 20 A ruins B debt C fashion D series l.C located 2.A privately 3.B transition 4.C describe 5.C such as 6.A construction 7.B faced 8.B subjected 9.A so that 10.D meeting 11.D Asa result 12.C exchange 13.
11、C as well as 14.B influencing 15.A aided 16.BIndeed 17.D stock up on 18.A believed 19.D although 20.A ruins Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Te
12、xtl The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austinthis month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,who sympathized with views of the energy sector,is resisting
13、 the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardys views.“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and s
14、cientists as just another misguided opinion.”says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education,“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board m
15、embers,rather than facts and sound scholarship.”Such debate reflects fierce discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers,policy makers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National
16、 Center for Science Education,a non-profit groupof scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states,including
17、Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centres deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local
18、school boards.Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some agessuch as earth and space sciences in high schoolsit is not as well repr
19、esented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate ch
20、ange,unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian thinktanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph 1,the weather in Texas is mentioned to A forecasta policy shift in Texas schools.B
21、 stress the consequences of climate change C indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting D draw the publics attention to energy shortages.C 22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A she exaggerates the existing panic.|B|she denies the value of scientific work C she shows no concern for pre-teens.D she ex
22、presses self-contradictory views.B 23.The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that A Climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B Policy makers have little drive for science education.C Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D Environmental teaching in some states lacks
23、supervision.24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the US A call for regular revision B require urgent application C have limited influence D cater to local needs C 25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools A agree to major public demands B
24、reflects teachers personal bias C may misrepresent the energy sector|D|can be swayed br external forces D Text2 Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s.Now,with record-high home prices and historically low in
25、ventory,theres an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,housing advocates fear
26、unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market.The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that wouldve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,so anytime yo
27、ure taking the tool out of the tool kit for communities to address this,youre potentially taking supply off the market thats already incredibly stressed,”said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New H
28、ampshire towns,“employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,”Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,a crucial part of the economies in places like Nantucket,Cape Cod,or the towns that make up New H
29、ampshires Seacoast and Lakes Region,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of the Cape Cod&Islands Association of Realtors.“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,”Castle said,“and so its a cyclical effect.”Short-term rental
30、s themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston.“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If its their vacation home anyway,and its just empty,why cant you make money off it?”
31、Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities de facto hotels to bypass taxes and regulations.“I think the question is,shouldnt a developer whos really building a hotel,butdisguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like
32、 a hotel?”Horn said.At the end of 2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investorbuyers.“The bill requires every rental hostto register with the state,mandatesthey carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,”the Globe reported.Bos
33、ton took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to register with the cityslnspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling citiesand towns.The only way to solve the issue,however,is by cre
34、ating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26.Which of the following is true of New England?A Its housing supply is at a very low level B Its communities are in need of funding C Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D Its
35、home prices are under strict control.A 27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to A curb short-term rental speculation.B ensure the supply of cheap housing C punish illegal dealings in housing|D|allow a free short-term rental market.D 28.Compared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to suppor
36、t A further investment in focal tourism.|B|an increase in affordable housing C strict management of real estate agents.D a favorable policy for short-term workers.B 29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?A The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B The efficient operation of the focal
37、 housing market C The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.C 30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is A an irrational decision.B an unnecessary measure.C an unfeasible proposal|D|an inadequate solution.Text 3 If youre he
38、ading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussexs new childrens book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The Presidents Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next
39、 week by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Watersto
40、nes branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were“quietly retiring them to then-relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:“Waterstones are currently operating with r
41、educed credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do this generally by giving thei
42、r titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.“We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately.Certainly,our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong.The sales for our May Books of the Month surpas
43、sed any month since 2018.”In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losersas have customers,who might expect the new titles from the countrys biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but its those mid-list authors,who normally r
44、ely on Waterstones staffs passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schusterthe reduction in the numbe
45、r of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it werent quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger
46、 of Penguin and Random House in 2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,”says Lownie.“The
47、 publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”31.The author mentions tw o book
48、s in paragraph to present A An ongoing conflict B An intellectual concept C A prevailing sentiment D A literary phenomenon A 32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A To make them easily noticeable B To comply with PRHs requirement C To respond to PRHs business move
49、D To arrange them in systematic way C 33.What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?A Their customers remain loyal B The credit limit will be removed C Their stock is underestimated.D The book market is rather slack A 34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A Sal
50、es of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.B Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism C Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors books D Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.A 35.Which of the following statements best presents Lownies