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1、2023年考研英语一真题及答案一、完形填空考察了丝绸之路上的驿站话题，选项没有什么特别难的词或者短语,文章逻辑也很好懂，考到了并列逻辑和举例逻辑，只要考生认真读题应该拿到不错的分数Use of EnglishC aravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areasincludingC hina,North A frica and the Middle East.They were typically 1 outside thewalls of a city or village and were
2、 usually funded by governments of _ 2_.This word“C aravanserais is a _ 3_ of the Persian word“karvan”,whichmeans a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to _ 4 groups of people who travelled together acrossthe ancient network for safety re
3、asons,_ 5_ merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the 1 0 th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become moredeveloped,the _ 6 _ of the C aravanserais increased and they served as a safe placefor people to rest at night.Travellers on the Silk Road _ 7 possibility of beingattacked by thieves
4、or being _ 8 _ to extreme conditions.For this reason,C aravanserais were strategically placed _ 9 they could be reached in a day*stravel time.C aravanserais served as an informal _ 1 0 point for the various people whotravelled the Silk Road.1 1 ,those structures became important centers forculture _
5、 1 2 _ and interaction,with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas andbeliefs,_ 1 3 _ talking knowledge with them,greatly _ 1 4 _ the development ofseveral civilizations.C aravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and 1 5 inthe trade of goods along the Silk Road._ 1 6 _,it was
6、frequently the first stopmerchants looking to sell their wares and _ 1 7 _ supplies for their own journeys.It is 1 8 that around 1 2 0 0 0 0 to 1 5 0 0 0 caravanserais were built along the SilkRoad,_ 1 9 _ only about 3 0 0 0 are known to remain today,many of which are in _ 2 0.1、答案：C.located2 答案：A.3
7、、答案：D.4、答案：C.5、答案：C.6、答案：A.7、答案：B.8、答案：B.9、答案：A.1 0、答案：D.1 1、答案：D.1 2、答案：C.1 3、答案：C.1 4、答案：B.1 5、答案：A.1 6、答案：B.1 7、答案：D.1 8、答案：A.1 9、答案：D.privatelycombinationdescribesuch asconstructionfacedsubjectedso thatmeetingA s a resultexchangeas well asinfluencingaidedindeedstock up onbelievedalthough2 0、答案：A
8、.ruins二、阅读理解Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but thetemperature will be high at the State B oard of Education meeting in A ustin this monthas officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,who sympathized with views of the energy sect
9、or,is resisting theproposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise theprimacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion ofmitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy s views.They casuallydismiss the career work of sch
10、olars and scientists as just another misguidedopinion.says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas FreedomNetwork,a non-profit group that monitors public education,“What millions of Texaskids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideologyof partisan b
11、oard members,rather than facts and sound scholarship.”Such debate reflects fierce discussion discussions across the US and around theworld,as researchers,policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for agreater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year b
12、y the National C enter for Science Education,a non-profitgroup of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across thecountry address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US statesa grade B+or higher.A mong the 1 0 worst performers were some of the most populoussta
13、tes,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has adisproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn B ranch,the centreJ s deputy director,cautions that setting state-levelscience standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralisesdecis
14、ions to local school boards.Even if a state is considered a high performerin its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.A nother issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjectsand at some ages-such as earth and space sciences in high schools it is n
15、otas well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are morewidely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many socialstudies courses.B ranch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines andtextbooks reflect scientific consensus o
16、n climate change,unofficial educationalmaterials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industryassociations.2 1.In paragraph 1,the weather in Texas is mentioned to答案：C.indicate the atmosphere at
17、the board meeting2 2.What does Quinn think of Hardy?答案：B.She denies the value of scientific work.2 3.The study mentioned in Paragraph 5答案：A.C limate education is insufficient at state public school2 4.A ccording to B ranch,state-level science standards in the US答案：C.have limited influence2 5.It is i
18、mplied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in someschools答案：D.can be swayed by external forcesText 2C ommunities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-termrentals since sites like A irbnb took off in the 2 0 1 0 s.Now,with record-high homeprices and historically
19、 low inventory,there s an increased urgency in suchregulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buyup swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,housing advocates
20、 fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure onan already strained market.The state Legislature recently voted against a bill thatwouldJ ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-termrentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,so anyti
21、me you retaking the tool out of the toolkit for communities to address this,you repotentially taking supply off the market that,s already incredibly stressed,said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing C oalition of theGreater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern N
22、ew Hampshire towns,aemployers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having ahard time finding a place to live,Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,a crucial partof the economies in places like Nantucket,C ape C od,or the towns that make up Ne
23、wHampshire s Seacoast and Lakes Region,pointed out Ryan C astle,C EO of the C apeC od&Islands A ssociation of Realtors.A lot of workers are servicing the touristindustry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in shortterm,C astle said,“and so it s a cyclical effect.Short-term re
24、ntals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts B oston.Ithink individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it stheir vacation home anyway,and it s just empty,why can,t you make money off
25、it?Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt to createlarge-scale short-term rental facilities de facto hotels-to bypass taxes andregulations.I think the question is,shouldn,t a developer who s reallybuilding a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulatedlik
26、e a hotel?,Horn said.A t the end of 2 0 1 8,Governor C harlie B aker signed a bill to rein in thosepotential investor-buyers.The bill requires every rental host to register withthe state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxeson top of a new state levy,the Globe reporte
27、d.B oston took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to registerwith the city s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other strugglingcities and towns.The only way to solve the issue,however,is
28、 by creating morehousing.If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is wehave to build a lot more.2 6.Which of the following is true of New England?答案：A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.2 7.The bill mentioned in the Paragraph 2 was intended to?答案：D.allow a free short-ter
29、m rental market.2 8 .C ompared with C astle,Tailor is more likely to support?答案：B in increase in a affordable housing2 9.What does Horn emphasize in paragraph 3?答案：C the necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.3 0.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is答案：D an inadequate soluti
30、on.Text 3If you,re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of theDuchess of Sussex s new children,s book The B ench,you might have to be preparedto hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The President s Daughter,the newthriller by B ill C linton and James Patterson.B oth of these
31、 books are published nextweek by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off withWaterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that ithad introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.Thetrade magazine The B ookseller
32、reported that Waterstones branch managers were beingtold to remove PRII books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces andwindows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones toldme:wWaterstones are curre
33、ntly operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,theonly publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We arenot boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availabilityfor customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do thisgeneral
34、ly by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.“We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality wi1 1 return and thatwe will be allowed to buy appropriately.C ertainly,our shops are exceptionally busyand book sales are very strong.The sales for our May B ooks o
35、f the Month surpassedany month since 2 0 1 8.vIn the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have customers,who mightexpect the new titles from the countryy s biggest publisher to be prominentlydisplayed by its biggest book retailer.B ig-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,butit s those mid-list
36、authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff s passion forpromoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to thedispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences ofthe proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster-there
37、duction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer biddingwars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.A nd onewonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the wayit has if it weren,t quite such a big company(it was for
38、med with the merger ofPenguin and Random House in 2 0 1 3)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better termswith publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with A ma
39、zon,“says Lownie.Thepublishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it alsoneeds a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact,choice and differentvoices.A fter all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come fromsmall publishers.”We shall see wh
40、ether that plurality is a casualty of the current need amongpublishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.3 1.the author mentions two books in the paragraph 1 to present答案：A.an ongoing conflict3 2.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?答案：C.to respond to PRH s busi
41、ness move3 3.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?答案：A.their customers remain royal3 4.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?答案：A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably3 5.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie s view?答案：D
42、The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText 4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each yearresearchers publish millions of papers in more than 3 0,0 0 0 journals.The scientificcommunity measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including theperceived qu
43、ality of the journal(as reflected by the title,s impact factor)andthe number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists andthe reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papersthey produce,but even more so on the citations attracted by these pa
44、pers.In recent years,there have been several episodes of scientific fraud,includingcompletely made-up data,massaged or doctored figures,multiple publications of thesame data,theft of complete articles,plagiarism of text,and self-plagiarism.A ndsome scientists have come up with another way to artific
45、ially boost the number ofcitations to their work.C itation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutions conspire to inflatecitation numbers,have existed for a long time.In 2 0 1 6,researchers developed analgorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authorsthat dispropor
46、tionate 1 y cite one another and groups of journals that cite each otherfrequently to increase the impact factors of their publications.Recently,I cameacross yet another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support serviceconsultancies that provide language and other editorial support to
47、individualauthors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citationsto their articles and the articles of colleagues.Some of these consultancies arealso active in organizing conferences and can advise that citations be added toconference proceedings.In this manner,a single ed
48、itor can drive hundreds ofcitations in the direction of his own articles or those of col leagues that may bein his circle.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example,anindividualacting as author,editor,and consultantwas able to use at least 1 5journals as citation providers to
49、 articles published by five scientists at threeuniversities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a high number of thenew uinternationalv journals.In fact,a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterionto be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.3 6 A ccording paragraph 1,the careers
50、of scientists can be determined by答案：B how many times their papers are cited3 7 The support service consultancies tend to答案：C ask authors to include extra citation3 8 the function of the答案：A boost citationmilk cow to journals is tocounts for certain authors3 9.What can be learned about Scopus from t