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1、阅读题Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo.Some are also designed to carry passengers.They canoperate as liners.These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable.A list of their arrivaland departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not.Liners can be cl
2、assedas either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners.The former carry mainly containerized cargo acrossthe oceans of the world;the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes.Ferries are also classed as liners.These offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehiclesacros
3、s channels and narrow seas.A few ships are still employed as passenger liners.They not onlycarry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East.Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise shipsfor part of the ye
4、ar.001.The deep-sea l i ner s.A.carry mainly containerized cargoB.carry mainly conventional cargoC.offer a daily or weekly service fbr passengers and vehiclesD.sail across channels and narrow seas.002.The Li ner s.A.always sail full B.sail regularly even not fullC.always sail in ballast D.will not s
5、ail if not full003.A list of the arrival and departure dates of l i ner s.A.will be published weeklyB.will be published when they sail,whether full or not,from Europe to North America and tothe Far EastC.will not be published even they sail fully loadedD.is published prior to their departure004.lt i
6、s implied in the passage that.A.the number of passenger ships is smallB.all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near futureC.it is not necessary fbr liners to sail in regular timeD.container carriers should carry some passengersPassage 02Nowadays,most merchant ships are built to carry cargoes.A
7、nd they mainly operate as tramps.These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable,but are employed wherethere is cargo for them to carry.Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps.Anumber are classed as coasters.These ply on coastal routes and up rivers to i
8、nland ports.Thetraditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes,but some are designed to carry general cargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels.These are designed to carry aparticular type of cargo.There are several types of specialized vessel.The most common are oiltank
9、ers.They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators.Two other typesof liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas(LNG)carriers.005.The deep-sea t r a mps.A.carry bulk and general cargo across the high seasB.are built to carry passen
10、gersC.are mainly coastersD.are specialized vesselOO6.The c o a s t e r s.A.always sail across the high seasB.commonly carry oil cargoC.are mainly tankersD.sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports007.The importance of LNG c a r r i e r s.A.is growingB.is not mentioned in passageC.is decre
11、asingD.will be discussed further if necessary008.lt is implied in the passage that.A.the number of specialized vessels is not smallB.all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near futureC.the tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships.D.container carriers should not be cl
12、assed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types.One type carries dry cargo,the other carriesliquid cargo;however,an OBO ship is designed to carry both.A traditional dry cargo ship is themulti-deck vessel.Her holds are divided horizontally by one or two tween decks,because th
13、esemake stowage of individual packages easier.Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers.These donot have tween decks as cargo is carried loose.The most modern type of dry cargo carrier is thecontainer ship.They carry containers of standard dimensions,consequently stowage is easier.Fruit,meat and da
14、iry produce are carried in refrigerated ships.Oil tankers are the most commontype of liquid cargo carrier.They are often very large,because huge quantities of oil need to betransported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller ones.Two othertypes of liquid bulk carrier of g
15、rowing importance are the liquefied natural gas(LNG)carrier andthe chemical carrier,although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships.OO9.There are types of liquid bulk carrier.A.2 B.3C.4 D.5010.A multi-deck vessel has tween decks.A.has many B.noC.only one D.has up to two011.Frui
16、t,meat and dairy produce are carried in.A.containers carriers B.traditional shipsC.OBO ships D.refrigerated shipsO12.The types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are.A.tween deckers,OBO shipsB.traditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vesselC.OBO ships,oil tankers,chemical tankers and LN
17、G carriersD.dry cargo ship,dry bulk cargo carrier,container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft direction.This force causesthe ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern.Because of her shape,a ship will moveahead
18、 through the water more easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates.The transverse effect ofthe propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract theopposite effect of the lower blades.For right-handed
19、 propellers this cants the ships stern tostarboard and her bow to port,when the ship is going ahead.The effect is small and can becorrected by the rudder.When the engines are put astern,the effect is the opposite and the stemcants to port.This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected.Vessel
20、s with left-handedpropellers behave in the opposite way.013.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is knownas.A.axial thrustB.transverse thrustC.the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the waterD.the transverse effect of th
21、e lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water014.A left-handed propellers,when the ship is going ahead,will cant ships stem to.A.starboard B.portC.to move ahead D.move astern015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is.A.going a sternB.going aheadC.stoppedD.
22、making no way through the waterO16.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by.A.the rudder B.the propeller itselfC.the nautical instrument D.wind and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer,or First Mate as he is often called,is the Masters chief officer and head of theDeck Department.
23、He is assisted by a Second Officer(Mate),a Third Officer(Mate),andsometimes a Fourth Off!cer(Mate).Several companies employ a First Officer as well as a ChiefOfficer.The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain(Bosun)and a Carpenter,both pettyofficers,and a number of ratings.These made up of Able S
24、eamen(AB),Ordinary Seamen(OS)and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands(EDH).There are other grades of seamen.Onsome ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department.He is assisted by a Second,Third,Fourthand sometimes Fifth Engineer
25、.An Electrical Officer may also be carried.The engine room pettyofficers are the Storekeeper and Donkeyman.On tankers there is also a Pumpman.He is also apetty officer.The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers.There may also be EngineerCadets.The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward
26、.It is divided into a saloon and galley section.The former is headed by the Second Steward,the latter by the Ships Cook.They are both usuallypetty officers.They are assisted by several stewards and cooks,and by a number of junior ratings.The Radio Department often consists of only one man:the Radio
27、Officer.On ships wherecontinuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officers:a Chief,Second and Third.017.is not a petty officer.A.Boatswain B.Second StewardC.Radio Officer.D.Storekeeper018.EDH is rank which is higher t han.A.Second Steward B.ABC.OS D.Chief Engineer019.Storekeeper belon
28、g to.A.Deck Dept B.Engine DeptC.Catering Dept D.Radio Dept020.There are departments on bard a big ship according to the passage.A.two B.threeC.four D.fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Marinersservice is accurate,the user needs to be awar
29、e of the risks to corruption of data.It is important thatthe user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that,other applications should not berunning on the users machine at the same time.Users should exercise their professionaljudgement in the use of data,and also consult the Mariners H
30、andbook(NP100)fbr further details.The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted duringtransmission,or in the process of display or printing on the user*s equipment,or if converted toother software formats,and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept re
31、sponsibility fbrany such change,or any modifications or unauthorised changes,made by licensees,or otherparties.021.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process e xc e pt.A.during transmissionB.in the display or printing on the users equipmentC.in converting to other software formats
32、D.in air mail delivery to the readersO22.The use of the data is advised to consult for further details.A.Mariners Handbook B.Sailing DirectionsC.Guide to Port Entry D.Notices to Mariners023.Of the following items is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept noresponsibility.A.change in the process of
33、 display or printingB.unauthorised changes made by licensees or other partiesC.modifications made by licensees or other partiesD.professional amendments024.lt is implied t hat.A.the data are incoiTectB.the data are to be corrected intensivelyC.although the data are accurate enough,you are still advi
34、sed to use it with cautionD.not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correctionPassage 07The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easierhandling and quicker turnover of cargoes.Cargoes to be carried by this typ
35、e of ship are pre-packedinto containers before being loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.Made of metal or other durable materials,they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried.One ofthe features of container ships
36、is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles,and the trend is that thetonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.025.What does innovation in the first paragraph me a n?.A.making changesB.the introduction of
37、 an antigenic substance into the body against a specific diseaseC.The act of introducing something new.D.revolution026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.A.filledB.loadedC.stuffedD.closed officially or under the supervision of notary publicO27.0f the f o l l o wi n g,i s not the f
38、eature of the container ship?A.Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.B.It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargoC.The container ship is becoming increasingly saferD.Cargoes are pre-packed into the containerO28.The tonnage of container ship is.A.decreasing B.increasingC.rema
39、ining the same D.changingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners.They,however,are subject to frequent changessuch as those of navigational aids,of waterways due to the dredging and construction,of depths ofwater,and of removal or appearance of wrecks.In order to keep up-to-date and r
40、eliable,nauticalcharts have to undergo correction.Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weeklyedition of Notices to Mariners,which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand.If majorchanges make it impracticable to do so,the Notices will provide a reproduction of a small area,which i
41、s also called block,to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.O29.Nautical charts need correction b e c a u s e.A.navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.B.there are always some mistakesC.wrecks may appear or be removedD.they could never be reprinted030.Correction to charts are made
42、by crew members in accordance wi t h.A.Notices to Mariners B.Sailing DirectionsC.Guide to Port Entry D.Supplement03 l.In the passage,Blocks are.A.large scale chartsB.representations of chartsC.reproductions of portions of chartsD.small scale chartsO32.The purpose of correction to charts is to.A.keep
43、 them up-to-dateB.make the charts brand-newC.keep the charts available to all mariners in the worldD.keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section IV.Those in force at the end of the year arereprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A
44、 list of corrections in force is publishedin Section IV of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force ontop.The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affe
45、cting thearea under consideration are in force.It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement,but,ifthis is done,when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those correctionsissued after the date of the new supplement,which may be several
46、months before its receipt onboard.033.are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A.The Sailing DirectionsB.The corrections to Sailing DirectionsC.The effective corrections to Notices to MarinersD.The Weekly EditionO34.The parent book is.A.The Sailing DirectionB.The corrections to Sai
47、ling Directions in forceC.the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersD.the Weekly Edition035.lt is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be.A.made by handB.consulted at the last week of each monthC.stuck in the parent book or current supplementD.kept in a file with the latest list of
48、corrections in force on topO36.If the corrections be stuck in the parent book or cuirent s u p p l e me n t,.A.when a new supplement is received,those corrections issued after the date of the newsupplement must be retainedB.the parent book must be consultedC.the current supplement must be consultedD
49、.the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be usedPassage 10The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chart.On a large scale chart,forexample,full details of all lights and fog signals are shown,but on smaller scales the order ofreduction of information in elevation per
50、iod,range,until on an ocean chart of the area only lightswith a range of 15 miles or more will normally be inserted,and then only their light-star andmagenta flare.On the other hand,radio beacons are omitted from large scale charts where theiruse would be inappropriate,and,unless they are long range