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1、航海英语阅读理解92篇重庆交通大学2009.4.Chapter 1(大连题库60篇)Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo.Some are also designed to carry passengers.They can operate asliners.These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable.A list of their arrival and departure dates ispublished in advance and they sa
2、il whether full or not.Liners can be classed as either deep-sea liners orshort-sea liners.The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world;the later carrycontainerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes.Ferries are also classed as liners.These offer a daily orweekly se
3、rvice for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas.A few ships are still employed aspassenger liners.They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North Americaand to the Far East.Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually ope
4、rate as cruiseships for part of the year.001.The deep-sea l i ner s.A.carry mainly containerized cargoB.carry mainly conventional cargoC.offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehiclesD.sail across channels and narrow seas.002.The Li ner s.A.always sail full B.sail regularly even not ful
5、lC.always sail in ballast D.will not sail if not full003.A list of the arrival and departure dates of l i ner s.A.will be published weeklyB.will be published when they sail,whether full or not,from Europe to North America and to the Far EastC.will not be published even they sail fully loadedD.is pub
6、lished prior to their departure004.I t is implied in the passage that.A.the number of passenger ships is smallB.all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near futureC.it is not necessary for liners to sail in regular timeD.container carriers should carry some passengersPassage 02Nowadays,most mer
7、chant ships are built to carry cargoes.And they mainly operate as tramps.These vessels donot sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable,but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry.Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps.A number are classed as coasters.These
8、 ply oncoastal routes and up rivers to inland ports.The traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes,but some aredesigned to carry general cargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels.These are designed to carry a particular type ofcargo.There are several types of specia
9、lized vessel.The most common are oil tankers.They are owned by themajor oil companies or by independent operators.Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importanceare chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas(LNG)carriers.005.The deep-sea t r a mps.A.carry bulk and general cargo across
10、the high seasB.are built to carry passengersC.are mainly coastersD.are specialized vessel006.The c o a s t e r s.A.always sail across the high seasB.commonly carry oil cargoC.are mainly tankersD.sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports007.The importance of LNG c a r r i e r s.A.is growin
11、gB.is not mentioned in passageC.is decreasingD.will be discussed further if necessary008.lt is implied in the passage that.A.the number of specialized vessels is not smallB.all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near futureC.the tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant shi
12、ps.D.container carriers should not be classed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types.One type carries dry cargo,the other carries liquid cargo;however,an OBO ship is designed to carry both.A traditional dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vessel.Her holdsare divided horizont
13、ally by one or two tween decks,because these make stowage of individual packages easier.Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers.These do not have tween decks as cargo is carried loose.The mostmodern type of dry cargo carrier is the container ship.They carry containers of standard dimensions,conse
14、quently stowage is easier.Fruit,meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated ships.Oil tankers arethe most common type of liquid cargo carrier.They are often very large,because huge quantities of oil need tobe transported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller ones
15、.Two other types ofliquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas(LNG)carrier and the chemical carrier,although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships.009.There are types of liquid bulk carrier.A.2 B.3C.4 D.5010.A multi-deck vessel has tween decks.A.has
16、 many B.noC.only one D.has up to two011.Fruit,meat and dairy produce are carried in.A.containers carriers B.traditional shipsC.OBO ships D.refrigerated shipsO12.The types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are.A.tween deckers,OBO shipsB.traditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vesselC.O
17、BO ships,oil tankers,chemical tankers and LNG carriersD.dry cargo ship,dry bulk cargo carrier,container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft direction.This force causes the ship tomove ahead through the water or to go aster
18、n.Because of her shape,a ship will move ahead through the watermore easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates.The transverse effect of the propellerblades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposit
19、e effect of the lowerblades.For right-handed propellers this cants the ships stern to starboard and her bow to port,when the ship isgoing ahead.The effect is small and can be corrected by the rudder.When the engines are put astern,the effectis the opposite and the stem cants to port.This effect is s
20、tronger and cannot easily be corrected.Vessels withleft-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.O13,The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as.A.axial thrustB.transverse thrustC.the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the sur
21、face of the waterD.the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water014.A left-handed propellers,when the ship is going ahead,will cant ships stem to.A.starboard B.portC.to move ahead D.move astern015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the s
22、hip is.A.going a sternB.going aheadC.stoppedD.making no way through the waterO16.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by.A.the rudder B.the propeller itselfC.the nautical instrument D.wind and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer,or First Mate as he is often called,is the Masters
23、 chief officer and head of the DeckDepartment.He is assisted by a Second Officer(Mate),a Third Officer(Mate),and sometimes a FourthOfficer(Mate).Several companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief Officer.The Deck Department alsoincludes a Boatswain(Bosun)and a Carpenter,both petty officers,
24、and a number of ratings.These made up ofAble Seamen(AB),Ordinary Seamen(OS)and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands(EDH).Thereare other grades of seamen.On some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department.He is assisted by a S
25、econd,Third,Fourth and sometimesFifth Engineer:An Electrical Officer may also be carried.The engine room petty officers are the Storekeeperand Donkeyman.On tankers there is also a Pumpman.He is also a petty officer.The engine room ratings areFiremen and Greasers.There may also be Engineer Cadets.The
26、 Catering Department is under the Chief Steward.I t is divided into a saloon and galley section.The formeris headed by the Second Steward,the latter by the Ships Cook.They are both usually petty officers.They areassisted by several stewards and cooks,and by a number of junior ratings.The Radio Depar
27、tment often consists of only one man:the Radio Officer.On ships where continuous radiowatches are kept there may be three radio officers:a Chief,Second and Third.017.is not a petty officer.A.BoatswainB.Second StewardC.Radio Officer.D.Storekeeper018.EDH is rank which is higher t han.A.Second Steward
28、B.ABC.OS D.Chief Engineer019.Storekeeper belong to.A.Deck Dept B.Engine DeptC.Catering Dept D.Radio DeptO2O.There are departments on bard a big ship according to the passage.A.two B.threeC.four D.fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariner
29、s service is accurate,the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data.I t is important that the user should only use the dataon suitable equipment and that,other applications should not be running on the users machine at the same time.Users should exercise their professional judgement
30、in the use of data,and also consult the Mariners Handbook(NP100)for further details.The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corruptedduring transmission,or in the process of display or printing on the users equipment,or if converted to othersoftware formats,and is a
31、ccordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such change,or any modifications or unauthorised changes,made by licensees,or other parties.02 l.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process e x c e p t.A.during transmissionB.in the display or printing on the us
32、er*s equipmentC.in converting to other software formatsD.in air mail delivery to the readersO22.The use of the data is advised to consult for further details.A.Mariners Handbook B.Sailing DirectionsC.Guide to Port Entry D.Notices to Mariners023.Of the following items is not mentioned for which UKHO
33、will accept no responsibility.A.change in the process of display or printingB.unauthorised changes made by licensees or other partiesC.modifications made by licensees or other partiesD.professional amendments024.I t is implied t hat.A.the data are incorrectB.the data are to be corrected intensivelyC
34、.although the data are accurate enough,you are still advised to use it with cautionD.not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary coiTectionPassage 07The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling andquic
35、ker turnover of cargoes.Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers beforebeing loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.Made of metal or other durable materials,they arewatertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whi
36、lst being carried.One of the features ofcontainer ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles,and the trend is that the tonnage thereofwill grow at a faster pace in future.025.What does innovation in the first
37、 paragraph me a n?.A.making changesB.the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific diseaseC.The act of introducing something new.D.revolution026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.A.filledB.loadedC.stuffedD.closed officially or under the supervision o
38、f notary publicO27.0f the following,is not the feature of the container ship?A.Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.B.I t is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargoC.The container ship is becoming increasingly saferD.Cargoes are pre-packed into the containerO28.The tonnage of
39、container ship is.A.decreasing B.increasingC.remaining the same D.changingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners.They,however,are subject to frequent changes,such as those ofnavigational aids,of waterways due to the dredging and construction,of depths of water,and of removal orappea
40、rance of wrecks.I n order to keep up-to-date and reliable,nautical charts have to undergo correction.Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners,which enablemariners to correct the charts by hand.I f major changes make it impracticable to do so,the Notice
41、s will providea reproduction of a small area,which is also called block,to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.O29.Nautical charts need correction b e c a u s e.A.navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.B.there are always some mistakesC.wrecks may appear or be removedD.they could
42、never be reprinted030.Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance wi t h.A.Notices to Mariners B.Sailing DirectionsC.Guide to Port Entry D.Supplement03 l.I n the passage,Blocks are.A.large scale chartsB.representations of chartsC.reproductions of portions of chartsD.small scale chart
43、sO32.The purpose of correction to charts is to.A.keep them up-to-dateB.make the charts brand-newC.keep the charts available to all mariners in the worldD.keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section I V.Those in force at the end of the year are r
44、eprinted inthe Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A list of corrections in force is published in Section I V of theWeekly Edition for the last week of each month.I t is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top.The listshould be consulted w
45、hen using the parent book to see if any corrections affecting the area under considerationare in force.I t is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement,but,if this is done,when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued
46、 after the date of thenew supplement,which may be several months before its receipt on board.033.are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A.The Sailing DirectionsB.The corrections to Sailing DirectionsC.The effective corrections to Notices to MarinersD.The Weekly EditionO34.The par
47、ent book is.A.The Sailing DirectionB.The corrections to Sailing Directions in forceC.the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersD.the Weekly Edition035.I t is recommended that coiTections to the Sailing Directions be.A.made by handB.consulted at the last week of each monthC.stuck in the parent book or
48、 current supplementD.kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on topO36.I f the corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement,.A.when a new supplement is received,those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement mustbe retainedB.the parent book must be
49、 consultedC.the current supplement must be consultedD.the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be usedPassage 10The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chart.On a large scale chart,for example,fulldetails of all lights and fog signals are shown,but on smaller scales
50、the order of reduction of information inelevation,period,range,until on an ocean chart of the area only lights with a range of 15 miles or more willnormally be inserted,and then only their light-star and magenta flare.On the other hand,radio beacons areomitted from large scale charts where their use