《2022年海南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年海南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.pdf（78页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2022年海南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（本卷共分为1 大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题(共5 0题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意)1.下面的短文有1 5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Nu r s e!I Want My Mu mmyWhe n a chil d is iI I in hos pit alr a par e nt s f i r s t r e act ion i s t obe U (5 1)/U t he m.Mos t hos
2、 pit aIs now al l ow par e nt s t o s l e e p U (5 2)/U wit ht he i r chil dy pr oviding a be d or s of a on t he war d.Bu t u nt i I t he 1 9 7 0 s t his U (5 3)/U was not onl y f r owne d u pon(不赞同)一 it was act ive Iy dis cou r age d.St af f wor r ie d t hat t he chi Idr e nwou l d be U (5 4)/U wh
3、e n t he ir par e nt s l e f t,and s o t he r e wasa b I ank e t (通用的)ban.A conce r ne d nu r s e,Pame I a Hawt hor n,dis agr e e d and he r s t u dy Nu r s e,I want my mu mmy!M pu b Ii s he d in 1 9 7 4,U (5 5)/U t he f ace ofpae diat r ic(儿科的)nu r s ing.Mar t in Johns on,a pr of e s s or of nu r s
4、 ing at t he Unive r s it y of Sal f or d,s aid t hat t he wor k of U (5 6)/U I ik e Pame l a had change d t he f aceof pat i e nt car e.Pame l a s s t u dy was done agains t t he U (5 7)/U of a l ive l yde bat e in pae diat r ics and ps ychol ogy as t o t he de gr e e wome n s hou l d s pe ndwit h
5、chiIdr e n in t he ou t s ide wor Id and t he de gr e e t o which t he y s hou l dbe a I I owe d t o vis it chiIdr e n in U (5 8)/U .”The ide a was t hat if mu m came t o U (5 9)/U a s mal I chil din hos pit al t he chil d wou l d be u ps e t and incons ol abl e (无法安慰的)f orhou r s.H Ye t t he nu r s
6、 e not ice d t hat if mu m d id not come at U (6 0)/U t he chil d s t aye d in a r e l at ive l y s t ab I e s t at e bu t t he y m i ght be de pr e s s e d,i i Of cou r s e we k now now t hat t he y had a I mos t give n u p hope U (6 1)/U mu m was e ve r comi ng b a c k.”nTo avoid a Iit t Ie bit of
7、 pain t he y s aid t hat no one s hou Id vis it.1InBu t chiIdr e n we r e al one and de pr e s s e d,s o Hawt hor n s aid par e nt ss hou Id be U (6 2)/U t o vis it.”Dr.Pe t e r Car t e r,chie f e xe cu t ive and ge ne r al s e cr e t ar y of t he RoyalCol l e ge of Nu r s ing,s aid he r U (6 3)/U h
8、ad be e n s e minal (开创性的).“He r r e s e ar ch pu t an e nd t o t he U (6 4)/U whe n par e nt s hande dt he i r chiIdr e n ove r t o s t r ange r s at t he door of t he hos pit al w a r d.”“As a r e s u l t of he r wor k,par e nt s ar e now r e cognize d as par t ne r s incar e and ar e af f or de d
9、 t he oppor t u nit y t o s t ay wit h t he ir chiIdr e n whil et he y ar e in hos pit al,U (6 5)/U has dr amat ical l y impr ove d bot hpar e nt s5 and chil dr e n s e xpe r ie nce of c a r e.”A.whichB.thisC.whatD.thus2.Europa5 swatery underworld Europa,one of Jupiter5 s 63 knownmoons,looks br ight
10、 and icy on the surface.But appearances can bedeceiving:Mi leswithin its cracked,frig id shel lr Europa probably hidesg i ant poo I s of I i quidwater.Where sc i ent i sts f i nd I iquid water,they hopeto find I i f e as we I I.Since we can t go diving into Europa5 sdepthsjust yet,scientists instead
11、 have to investigate the moon s surfacefore lues to what I ies beneath.In a new study,scientists i nvest i gatedone groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and cone Iuded that theformations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much wateras the U.S.Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa,which is s
12、i ight lysmal I erthan Earth1 s moon,clear ly show a tang led,icy mi shmash of I i nes andcracksknown as“chaos terrains.These chaotic places cover more than halfofEuropa.For more than 10 years,sc i ent i sts have wondered what causestheformations.The new study suggests that they arise from the mixin
13、gof vastunderground stores of liquid water with icy material near thesurface.For scient i sts who suspect that EuropaaI so may be hiding I ifebeneath its icy surface,the news about the new lake isexciting.Itwould be great i f these lakesharbored life,Britney Schmidt,a planetaryscientist who worked o
14、n the study,told Science News.But even if theydidn t,they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and activeright now.M Schmidt,a sc i ent i st at the University of Texas at Austin,and her co I Ieagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form.Since theycouIdn t rocket to Europa tosee for themseI
15、ves,they searched for simi larformations here on Earth.Theystudied col lapsed ice shelves in Antarcticaand icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland.Thosefeatures on Earth formed whenI iquid water mixed with ice.The scientists nowsuspect something simi larmight be happening on Europa:that as water and iceof
16、differenttemperatures mingle and sh ift,the surface fractures.This wou Idexplainthe jumbled ice sculptures.Fracturing catastrophical ly di sruptstheJJice in t he s ame way t hat it cau s e s ice s he l ve s t o col l aps e on Ear t h,Schmidt t ol d Scie nce Ne ws.She and he r t e am f ou nd t hat t
17、he pr oce s s cou l dbe cau s ing chaos t e r r ains t o f or m qu ick l y on Eu r opa.The ne w s t u dys u gge s t s t hat on t his moon,e Ie me nt s s u ch as oxyge n f r om t he s u r f ace bl e ndwit h t he de e p bodie s of wat e r.That mixt u r e may cr e at e an e nvi r onme nt t hats u ppor
18、t s Iif e.The Iiqu id wat e r of an u nde r gr ou nd pool of Eu r opa is e s t imat e d xxxxx oft he US Gr e at l ak e s.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention3.Le ar nabou t Nobl e Gas e s （惰性气体）1 Have you e ve r r idde n on aba I I oon Many t ou r i s t s pot s of f e r ba I I oon r ide s inor de r f or pe o
19、p I e t o s e et he be au t y of a pl ace f r om above.A ba I Ioon cont ains anobIe gas cal l e dhe Ii u m（M）.For me r l y,ba I l oons cont a i ne d hydr oge nbu t hydr oge n i s ve r yf IammabIe and dange r ou s whe n u ncont r ol l e d.The r e f or e,pe opIe s hif t e d t ohe I i u mr which i s s
20、af e r.He i i u m i s s af e be cau s e it has t he pr ope r t ie s oft he nobl e gas e s.2 Pe opIe once be Iie ve d t hat nobl e gas e s cou l dn9t che m ical l y r e act at a I I.For t h i s r e as on,t he y we r e cal l e d i ne r t gas e s （惰性气体）.The y we r e al s o I is t e d u nde r Gr ou p 0
21、in t he oId pe r iodic t abl ebe cau s e s cie nt is t s be I ie ve d t hat t he gas e s have ze r oval e nce（价）e l e ct r ons in t he i r ou t e r s he I I.This was l at e r pr ove n t o beu nt r u e whe n s ome nob I e gas compou nds we r e d i s cove r e d.3 The gas e s ar ee l e me nt s,which s
22、har e s imi l ar pr ope r t ie s.The s e pr ope r t ie s incIu de be ingmonoat omic,col or l e s s,odor l e s s,be ing abl e t o condu ct e l e ct r icit y,andhaving l ow che mical r e act ivit y.Nobl e gas e s incIu de He l iu m,Ne on,Ar gon,Kr ypt on,Xe non and Radon.The s e ar e al I f ou nd in G
23、r ou p 1 8,in t her i ght mos t co l u mn of t he pe r iodic t ab Ie.If you I ook at t he pe r iodic t ab I e,you wil l not ice t hat t he s e e Ie me nt s ar e t he onl y one s,which do not havea char ge.He l iu m has t he I owe s t mol e cu l ar （分子的）we i ght wh i I e Radon ist he he avie s t.4 Re
24、 me mbe r t hat che micaI r e act ions occu r be cau s eat oms have vaIe nce e l e ct r ons,which ar e e l e ct r ons in t he i r ou t e rs he 1 1.Whe n t he ou t e r s he I I i s “u nf il l e d“or t he r e qu i r e d nu mbe r ofe l e ct r ons is not ye t comp I e t e,t he at om is mor e r e act ive
25、.Nobl e gas e s havea f u l I ou t e r s he I Iy me an i ng t hat t he y have comp Ie t e e l e ct r ons i n t he i rou t e r s he I I.This compl e t e nu mbe r var ie s.For ins t ance,t he ou t e r s he 1 1of He l iu m has 2 val e nce e l e ct r ons whiIe t he ou t e r s he 1 1 of Xe non has 8e l e
26、 ct r ons.Nowadays,t he r e r e mains t o be af e w nobl e gas e s be cau s e of t hel ow che mical r e act ivit y of t he s e s aid gas e s.5 be cau s e of t he i rpr ope r t ie s,nobl e gas e s have many impor t ant appI icat ions.The y ar e wide l yu s e d in me dicine and indu s t r ie s.For ins
27、 t ance,l iqu id He l iu m is u s e d f ors u pe r condu ct ing magne t s（磁体）.The s e magne t s ar e ve r y impor t ant inphys ics and me dicine.Whe n a doct or s u s pe ct s t hat a pe r s on1 s br ain hasbe e n damage d,he might r e qu e s t f or Magne t i cRe s onance I mag i ng（MR I）.MR Ia I Iow
28、s t he doct or t o“s e e”t he br ain,wit hou t ope r at i ng on t he pat ie nt.2 3.par agr aph 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 4.par agr aph 3 2 5.par agr aph 42 6.par agr aph 5 A.what is t he pe r iodic t abl e B.What ar enobl e gas e s?C.What cau s e s t he I owche m i ca I r e act i v i t y of nob I e gas e sD
29、.How we r e nobl e gas e s dis cove r e d E.How we r e nob I e gas e s u nde r s t oodin t he pas t F.what ar e t he appl icat ions of nobl e gas e s 2 7.Nob Iegas e s ar e not ve r y che mical l y 2 8.Among t he e Ie me nt s of nobl e gas e sHe iiu m is t he 2 9.The r e qu i r e d nu mbe r of e l e
30、 ct r ons in nobl e gas e s1ou t e r s he 1 1 is 3 0.MR I may mak e ope r at ing on t he pat i e nt A.r e act i ve B.Iight e s t C.impor t ant D.comp Ie t e E.f IammabIeF.u nne ce s s ar y4.Le ar nabou t Nobl e Gas e s （惰性气体）1 Have you e ve r r idde n on aba I I oon Many t ou r i s t s pot s of f e
31、r ba I I oon r ide s inor de r f or pe op I e t o s e et he be au t y of a pl ace f r om above.A ba I Ioon cont a i ns anobIe gas cal l e dhe Ii u m（M）.For me r l y,ba I l oons cont a i ne d hydr oge nbu t hydr oge n i s ve r yf IammabIe and dange r ou s whe n u ncont r ol l e d.The r e f or e,pe op
32、Ie s hif t e d t ohe I i u mr which i s s af e r.He i i u m is s af e be cau s e it has t he pr ope r t ie s oft he nobl e gas e s.2 Pe opIe once be I ie ve d t hat nobl e gas e s cou l dn9t che m ical l y r e act at a I I.For t h i s r e as on,t he y we r e cal l e d i ne r t gas e s （惰性气体）.The y w
33、e r e al s o I is t e d u nde r Gr ou p 0 in t he oId pe r iodic t abl ebe cau s e s cie nt is t s be Ii e ve d t hat t he gas e s have ze r oval e nce（价）e l e ct r ons in t he i r ou t e r s he I I.This was l at e r pr ove n t o beu nt r u e whe n s ome nob I e gas compou nds we r e d i s cove r e
34、d.3 The gas e s ar ee l e me nt s,which s har e s imi l ar pr ope r t ie s.The s e pr ope r t ie s incIu de be ingmonoat omic,col or l e s s,odor l e s s,be ing abl e t o condu ct e l e ct r icit y,andhaving l ow che mical r e act ivit y.Nobl e gas e s i ncIu de He Ii u mr Ne on,Ar gon,Kr ypt on,Xe
35、non and Radon.The s e ar e al I f ou nd in Gr ou p 1 8,in t her i ght mos t co l u mn of t he pe r iodic t ab Ie.If you I ook at t he pe r iodic t ab I e,you wil l not i ce t hat t he s e e I e me nt s ar e t he onl y one s,which do not havea char ge.He l iu m has t he I owe s t mol e cu l ar （分子的）w
36、e i ght wh i I e Radon i st he he avie s t.4 Re me mbe r t hat che mical r e act ions occu r be cau s eat oms have vaIe nce e l e ct r ons,which ar e e l e ct r ons in t he ir ou t e rs he I I.Whe n t he ou t e r s he I I i s “u nf il l e d”or t he r e qu i r e d nu mbe r ofe l e ct r ons is not ye
37、t compl e t e,t he at om is mor e r e act ive.Nobl e gas e s havea f u l I ou t e r s he I I,me an i ng t hat t he y have comp Ie t e e l e ct r ons in t he irou t e r s he I I.This compl e t e nu mbe r var ie s.For i ns t ance,t he ou t e r s he I Iof He l iu m has 2 vaIe nce e l e ct r ons whiIe t
38、 he ou t e r s he I I of Xe non has 8e l e ct r ons.Nowadays,t he r e r e mains t o be af e w nobl e gas e s be cau s e of t hel ow che mical r e act ivit y of t he s e s aid gas e s.5 be cau s e of t he i rpr ope r t ie s,nobl e gas e s have many impor t ant appI icat ions.The y ar e wide l yu s e
39、d in me dicine and indu s t r ie s.For ins t ance,l iqu id He l iu m is u s e d f ors u pe r condu ct ing magne t s(磁体).The s e magne t s ar e ve r y impor t ant inphys ics and me dicine.Whe n a doct or s u s pe ct s t hat a pe r s on1 s br ain hasbe e n damage d,he might r e qu e s t f or Magne t i
40、 cRe s onance I mag i ng(MR I).MR Ia 1 1 ows t he doct or t o s e e t he br ain,wit hou t ope r at i ng on t he pat ie nt.2 3.par agr aph 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 4.par agr aph 3 2 5.par agr aph 42 6.par agr aph 5 A.what is t he pe r iodic t abl e B.What ar enobl e gas e s?C.What cau s e s t he I owche m i
41、 ca I r e act i v i t y of nob I e gas e sD.How we r e nobl e gas e s dis cove r e d E.How we r e nobl e gas e s u nde r s t oodin t he pas t F.what ar e t he appl icat ions of nobl e gas e s 2 7.Nobl egas e s ar e not ve r y che mical l y 2 8.Among t he e Ie me nt s of nobl e gas e sHe iiu m is t h
42、e 2 9.The r e qu i r e d nu mbe r of e l e ct r ons in nobl e gas e s ou t e r s he 1 1 is 3 0.MR I may mak e ope r at ing on t he pat i e nt A.r e act ive B.Iight e s t C.impor t ant D.comp Ie t e E.f IammabIeF.u nne ce s s ar y5.Eu r opaJ s wat e r y u nde r wor l d Eu r opa,one of Ju pit e rJ s 6
43、 3 k nownmoons,l ook s br ight and icy on t he s u r f ace.Bu t appe ar ance s can bede ce iving:Mi l e s wit hin it s cr ack e d,f r igid s he I I,Eu r opa pr obabl y hide sg i ant poo I s of I i qu idwat e r.Whe r e s c i e nt i s t s f i nd l iqu id wat e r,t he y hopet o f ind I i f e as we I I.
44、Since we can t go diving int o Eu r opa5 s de pt hsju s t ye t,s cie nt is t s ins t e ad have t o inve s t igat e t he moon5 s s u r f acef or e l u e s t o what Iie s be ne at h.In a ne w s t u dy,s cie nt is t s i nve s t i gat e done gr ou pof s t r ange ice pat t e r ns on Eu r opa and cone Iu
45、de d t hat t hef or mat ions mar k t he t op of an u nde r gr ou nd pool t hat hol ds as mu ch wat e ras t he U.S.Gr e at Lak e s.Pict u r e s of Eu r opa,which is s i ight l ys mal I e rt han Ear t h1 s moon,cl e ar l y s how a t ang I e d,icy mis hmas h of I ine s andcr ack sk nown as “chaos t e r
46、 r ains.1 5 The s e chaot ic pl ace s cove r mor e t han hal fofEuropa.For more than 10 years,sc i ent i sts have wondered what causestheformations.The new study suggests that they arise from the mixingof vastunderground stores of Iiquid water with icy material near thesurface.For scient ists who su
47、spect that EuropaaI so may be hiding I ifebeneath its icy surface,the news about the new lake isexciting.Itwould be great if these lakesharbored lif e,“Britney Schmidt,a planetaryscientist who worked on the study,told Science News.But even if theydidn,t,they say that Europa is doingsomething interes
48、ting and activer i ght now.M Schmi dt,a sc i ent i st at the Un i vers i ty of Texas at Aust i n,and her co I Ieagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form.Since theycouIdn t rocket to Europa tosee for themseI ves,they searched for simi larformations here on Earth.Theystudied col lapsed ice shelves
49、in Antarcticaand icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland.Thosefeatures on Earth formed whenI iquid water mixed with ice.The scientists nowsuspect something simi larmight be happening on Europa:that as water and iceof differenttemperatures mingle and sh ift,the surface fractures.This wouIdexplainthe jumbled
50、 ice sculptures.Fracturing catastrophical ly di sruptstheice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to col lapse on Earth,Schmidt told Science News.She and her team found that the process couldbecausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa.The new studysuggests that on thismoon,eIements such