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1、2022年海南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为!80分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)1.下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Nurse! I Want My MummyWhen a child is iI I in hospitalv a parent s first reaction is to be U (51) /U them.Most hospitals now allow parents to
2、sleep U (52)/U withtheir child, providing a bed or sofa on the ward.But unti I the 1970s this U (53)/U was not only frowned upon个赞同)- it was activeIy discouraged. Staff worried that the chi Idren would be U (54)/U when their parents left, and so there wasa b I anket (通用的)ban.A concerned nurse, Pame
3、I a Hawthorn, disagreed and her study Nurse, I want my mummy!n pub Ii shed in 1974, U (55)/U the face ofpaediatric (儿科的)nursing.Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of U (56)/U I ike Pamela had changed the faceof pat i ent care.Pamela s study was do
4、ne against the U (57)/U of a livelydebate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women shouId spendwith chiIdren in the outside worId and the degree to which they should be a I I owed to visit chiIdren in U (58)/U.The idea was that if mum came to U (59)/U a smalI childin hospital the child w
5、ould be upset and inconsolable (无法安慰的)for hours.Yet the nurse not iced that if mum did not come at U (60)/Uthe child stayed in a relatively stab I e state but they m i ght be depressed, iiOf course we know now that they had almost given up hope U (61) /U mum was ever comi ng back.”To avoid a I ittIe
6、 bit of pain they said that no one shouId visit, iiBut chiIdren were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents shouId be U (62) /U to visit.Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal Col lege of Nursing, said her U (63)/U had been seminal (开创性的).Her research put an end
7、to the U) (64)/U when parents handedtheir chiIdren over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.“As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay with thei r ch iIdren while they are in hospital, U (65)/U has dramatically improved
8、 bothparents5 and children s experience of care.A. whichB. thisC. whatD. thus2 .Europa9 swatery underworId Europa, one of Jupiter1 s 63 known moons, looks br ight and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mi leswithin its cracked, frigid she I lt Europa probably hides g i ant poo I s
9、 of I i quidwater. Where sc i ent i sts f i nd liquid water, they hope to find life as well. Since we can t go diving into Europa sdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moon s surface fore lues to what I ies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one groupof strange i
10、ce patterns on Europa and cone Iuded that the formations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U. S. Great Lakes. Pictures of Europa, which is si ight lysmal I er than Earths moon, clearly show a tang I edr icy mishmash of I ines andcracks known as “chaos terrains. These
11、 chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of Iiquid water with icy material near the surface. For scient i sts who suspect that EuropaaI s
12、o may be hiding I ife beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake isexciting. It would be great if these lakesharbored life, Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told Science News. But even if they didn t, they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and act
13、ive right now. Schmidt, a sc i ent i st at the University of Texas at Austin, and her co I Ieagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couIdn t rocket to Europa tosee for themseIves, they searched for simi lar formations here on Earth. Theystudied col lapsed ice shelves in Antarctica a
14、nd icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Thosefeatures on Earth formed when I iquid water mixed with ice. The scientists nowsuspect something simi lar might be happening on Europa: that as water and iceof different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This wou Idexplain the jumbled ice
15、sculptures. Fracturing catastrophical ly di sruptsthe，ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to col lapse on Earth, Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could becausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa. The new study suggests that on thismoon, elements s
16、uch as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies ofwater. That mixture may create an envi ronment that supports Iife.The Iiquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated xxxxx of the US Great lakes.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention3 . Learnabout Noble Gases （情性气体）1 Have you ever ri
17、dden on aba I I oon Many tour i st spots offer ba I I oon rides inorder for peop I e to see the beauty of a place from above. A ba I Ioon contains anobIe gas cal led he Ii urn（）. Formerly, ba I loons conta i ned hydrogenbut hydrogen is very fIammabIe and dangerous when uncontrol led. Therefore, peop
18、I eshifted to he Ii umt which i s safer. Hei i urn is safe because it has the propertiesof the noble gases. 2 PeopIe once be Ii eved that noble gases couldn t chemical ly react at a I I. Forthi s reason, they were cal led i nert gases （惰 性气体）.They werealso Iisted under Group 0 in theold periodic tab
19、le because scientists be Iieved that the gases have zero valence（价）electrons in thei r outer she 11. This was later proven to be untrue when somenob I e gas compounds were d i scovered. 3 Thegases are elements, which share simi lar properties. These properties incIudebeing monoatomic, colorless, odo
20、r less, being able to conduct electricity, andhaving low chemical reactivity. Noble gases i ncIude He Ii urn, Neon, Argon,Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are al I found in Group 18r in the r i ghtmostco lumn of the per iodic tab Ie. If you I ook at the periodic tab I e, you will not i ce that these
21、e I ements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the I owest molecular （分子的）we i ght wh i I eRadon i s the heaviest. 4 Remember that chemical reactions occurbecause atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in thei r outer she I I. When the outer she I I i s “unfilled“ or
22、 the requi red number of electrons is notyet comp I ete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a fulI outer she I 11 mean i ng that they have comp Iete electrons in thei r outer she I I. This completenumber varies. For instance, the outer she I I of Helium has 2 vaIence electronswhiIe the oute
23、r she 11 of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be afew noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. 5because of their properties, noble gases have many importantappI ications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is us
24、ed for superconducting magnets（磁体）.These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a person s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnet i cResonance I mag i ng （MR I）. MR I a I I ows the doctor to see the brain, withoutoperat i ng on the pat ient.23.pa
25、ragraph 224. paragraph 325.paragraph 426. paragraph 5 A. what is theper iodic table B. What are noblegases? C. What causes the I owchem i ca I react i v i ty of nob I e gases D. How were noblegases discovered E. How were noblegases understood in the past F. what are theapplicat ions of noble gases 2
26、7. Nob Ie gases are not very chemically 28. Among the eIements of noble gases Heiiurn is the 29. The requi red number of electrons in noble gases outer she I I i s 30. MR I may make operating on the pat i ent A. reactive B. I ightest 0. important D. comp Iete E. fIammabIeF. unnecessary4. Learnabout
27、Noble Gases （惰性气体）1 Have you ever ridden on aba I I oon Many tour i st spots offer ba I I oon rides inorder for peop I e to see the beauty of a place from above. A ba I Ioon contains anobIe gas cal led he Ii um（Si）. Formerly, ba I loons conta i ned hydrogenbut hydrogen i s very fIammabIe and dangero
28、us when uncontrol led. Therefore, peopI eshifted to he I i um, which i s safer. Hei i um is safe because it has the propertiesof the noble gases. 2 PeopIe once be Ii eved that noble gases couldn t chemical ly react at a I I. Forthi s reason, they were cal led i nert gases （情 性气体）.They werealso Iiste
29、d under Group 0 in theold periodic table because scientists be Iieved that the gases have zero valence（价）electrons in thei r outer she I I. This was later proven to be untrue when somenob I e gas compounds were d iscovered. 3 Thegases are elements, which share simi lar properties. These properties i
30、ncIudebeing monoatomic, color less, odor less, being able to conduct electricity, andhaving low chemical reactivity. Noble gases i ncIude He Ii um, Neon, Argon,Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are al I found in Group 18, in the r i ghtmostco I umn of the periodic tab Ie. If you I ook at the per iodic
31、 tab I e, you will not i ce that these eIements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the I owest molecular （分子的）we i ght wh i I eRadon i s the heaviest. 4 Remember that chemical reactions occurbecause atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in thei r outer she I I. Whe
32、n the outer she I I is UunfiIledn or the requi red number of electrons is notyet comp I ete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a fulI outer she I I, mean i ng that they have comp Iete electrons in thei r outer she 11. This completenumber var ies. For i nstance, the outer she I I of Helium
33、has 2 vaIence electronswhiIe the outer she I I of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be afew noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. 5because of their properties, noble gases have many importantappI ications. They are widelyused in medicine and industri
34、es. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体). These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctorsuspects that a person s brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnet i cResonance I mag i ng (MR I). MR I a I I ows the doctor to “see the brain, w
35、i thoutoperat i ng on the pat i ent. 23.paragraph 224. paragraph 325.paragraph 426. paragraph 5 A. what is theper iodic table B. What are noblegases? C. What causes the I owchem i ca I react i v i ty of nob I e gases D. How were noblegases discovered E. How were noblegases understood in the past F.
36、what are theapplicat ions of noble gases 27.Nob Ie gases are not very chemically 28. Among the eIements of noble gases Heiiurn is the 29. The requi red number of electrons in noble gases outer she I I i s 30. MR I may make operating on the pat i ent A. reactive B. I ightest C. important D. comp Iete
37、 E. fIammabIe F. unnecessary5.Europa swatery underworId Europa, one of Jupiter s 63 known moons, looks br ight and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mi leswithin its cracked, frigid she I I, Europa probably hides g i ant poo I s of I i quidwater. Where sc i ent i sts f i nd liqui
38、d water, they hope to find life as well. Since we can t go diving into Europa sdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moon s surface fore lues to what I ies beneath. In a new study, scientists i nvest i gated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and cone Iuded that the for
39、mations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U. S. Great Lakes. Pictures of Europa, which is si ight lysmal I er than Earths moon, clearly show a tang led, icy mi shmash of I i nes andcracks known as chaos terrains. These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. Fo
40、r more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of Iiquid water with icy material near the surface. For scient i sts who suspect that EuropaaI so may be hiding I ife beneath its icy surface, th
41、e news about the new lake isexciting. It would be great if these lakesharbored life,“ Br itney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told Science News. But even if they didn t, they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and active r i ght now. M Schmi dt, a sci ent i st at
42、the Un i vers i ty of Texas at Aust i n, and her co I Ieagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couIdn t rocket to Europa tosee for themseIves, they searched for simi lar formations here on Earth. Theystudied col lapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland.
43、Thosefeatures on Earth formed when I iquid water mixed with ice. The scientists nowsuspect something simi lar might be happening on Europa: that as water and iceof different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This wouIdexplain the jumbled ice sculptures. Fracturing catastrophical
44、ly di sruptsthe ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to col lapse on Earth, Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could becausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa. The new study suggests that on thismoon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend w
45、ith the deep bodies ofwater. That mixture may create an envi ronment that supports Iife.The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a xxxxx undergroundwater pool.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mention6. Europa9 swatery underworId Europa, one of Jupiter1 s 63 known moons, looks br ight and i
46、cy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mileswithin its cracked, frigid she I Ir Europa probably hides g i ant poo I s of I i quidwater. Where sc i ent i sts f i nd liquid water, they hope to find life as well. Since we can t go diving into Europa sdepths just yet, scientists instead ha
47、ve to investigate the moon s surface fore lues to what I ies beneath. In a new study, scientists i nvest i gated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and cone Iuded that the formations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U. S. Great Lakes. Pictures of Europa, whi
48、ch is si ight lysmal I er than Earths moon, clearly show a tang I edr icy mishmash of I ines andcracks known as “chaos terrains. These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of Iiquid water with icy material near the surface. For scient i sts who suspect that EuropaaI so may be hiding I ife beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake isexciting. It would be great if these lakesha