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1、2021年海南职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Nurse! I Want My Mummy When a child is ill in hospital, a parents first reaction is to be U (51) /U them. Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep U (52) /U with their chil
2、d, providing a bed or sofa on the ward. But until the 1970s this U (53) /U was not only frowned upon (不赞同) - it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be U (54) /U when their parents left, and so there was a blanket (通用的) ban. A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed an
3、d her study Nurse, I want my mummy! published in 1974, U (55) /U the face of paediatric (儿科的) nursing. Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of U (56) /U like Pamela had changed the face of patient care. Pamelas study was done against the U (57) /U o
4、f a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in U (58) /U. The idea was that if mum came to U (59) /U a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inco
5、nsolable (无法安慰的) for hours. Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at U (60) /U the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope U (61) /U mum was ever coming back. To avoid a little bit of pain they said that
6、 no one should visit. But children were alone and depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be U (62) /U to visit. Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her U (63) /U had been seminal (开创性的). Her research put an end to the U (64) /U when paren
7、ts handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children while they are in hospital, U (65) /U has dramatically improved both parents and childrens
8、 experience of care. AwhichBthisCwhatDthus 2.Europaswatery underworldEuropa, one of Jupiters 63 known moons,looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mileswithin its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquidwater. Where scientists find liquid wat
9、er, they hope to find life as well.Since we cant go diving into Europasdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moons surface forclues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark th
10、etop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa, which is slightlysmaller than Earths moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines andcracks known as “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, s
11、cientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.For scientists who suspect that Europaalso may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake is
12、exciting.“It would be great if these lakesharbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study,told Science News. “But even if they didnt, they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and active right now.”Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and
13、 her colleagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldnt rocket to Europa tosee for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on Earth. Theystudied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Thosefeatures on Earth formed when liquid water m
14、ixed with ice. The scientists nowsuspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and iceof different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This wouldexplain the jumbled ice sculptures.“Fracturing catastrophically disruptsthe ice in the same way that it causes ic
15、e shelves to collapse on Earth,”Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could becausing chaos terrains to form quickly on Europa.The new study suggests that on thismoon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies ofwater. That mixture may create an
16、 environment that supports life.The liquid water of an underground pool of Europa is estimated xxxxx of the US Greatlakes.ARightBWrongCNot mention 3.Learnabout Noble Gases（惰性气体）1Have you ever ridden on a balloon Many tourist spots offer balloon rides inorder for people to see the beauty of a place f
17、rom above. A balloon contains anoble gas called helium(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogenbut hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, peopleshifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the propertiesof the noble gases.2People once believed tha
18、t noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. Forthis reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体). They werealso listed under Group 0 in theold periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价)electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when someno
19、ble gas compounds were discovered.3 Thegases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties includebeing monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, andhaving low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon,Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are
20、all found in Group 18, in the rightmostcolumn of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you willnotice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge.Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的) weight whileRadon is the heaviest.4 Remember that chemical reactions occurbeca
21、use atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell.When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is notyet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This co
22、mpletenumber varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electronswhile the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be afew noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.5because of their properties, noble gases have many importanta
23、pplications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance,liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体).These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctorsuspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for MagneticResonance Imaging(MRI).
24、 MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, withoutoperating on the patient.23.paragraph 2_ _24.paragraph 3_25.paragraph 4_26.paragraph 5_A. what is theperiodic tableB. What are noblegases？C. What causes the lowchemical reactivity of noble gasesD. How were noblegases discoveredE. How were noblegases
25、understood in the pastF. what are theapplications of noble gases27.Noble gases are not very chemically28.Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the29.The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is 30.MRI may make operating on the patientA. reactiveB. lightestC. importantD. compl
26、eteE. flammableF. unnecessary 4.Learnabout Noble Gases（惰性气体）1Have you ever ridden on a balloon Many tourist spots offer balloon rides inorder for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains anoble gas called helium(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogenbut hydrogen is very
27、flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, peopleshifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the propertiesof the noble gases.2People once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. Forthis reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体). They werealso list
28、ed under Group 0 in theold periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价)electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when somenoble gas compounds were discovered.3 Thegases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties includebe
29、ing monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, andhaving low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon,Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmostcolumn of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you willnotic
30、e that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge.Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的) weight whileRadon is the heaviest.4 Remember that chemical reactions occurbecause atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell.When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the
31、required number of electrons is notyet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This completenumber varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electronswhile the outer shell of Xenon ha
32、s 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be afew noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.5because of their properties, noble gases have many importantapplications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance,liquid Helium is used for superconducting
33、magnets(磁体).These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctorsuspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for MagneticResonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, withoutoperating on the patient.23.paragraph 2_ _24.paragraph 3_25.paragra
34、ph 4_26.paragraph 5_A. what is theperiodic tableB. What are noblegases？C. What causes the lowchemical reactivity of noble gasesD. How were noblegases discoveredE. How were noblegases understood in the pastF. what are theapplications of noble gases27.Noble gases are not very chemically28.Among the el
35、ements of noble gases Helium is the29.The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is 30.MRI may make operating on the patientA. reactiveB. lightestC. importantD. completeE. flammableF. unnecessary 5.Europaswatery underworldEuropa, one of Jupiters 63 known moons,looks bright and icy o
36、n the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mileswithin its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquidwater. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well.Since we cant go diving into Europasdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the
37、 moons surface forclues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark thetop of an underground pool that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa, which is slightlysmaller than Ear
38、ths moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines andcracks known as “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground store
39、s of liquid water with icy material near the surface.For scientists who suspect that Europaalso may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake isexciting.“It would be great if these lakesharbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study,told Scie
40、nce News. “But even if they didnt, they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and active right now.”Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, and her colleagueswanted to know how chaos terrains form. Since they couldnt rocket to Europa tosee for themselves, they searched for
41、 similar formations here on Earth. Theystudied collapsed ice shelves in Antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in Iceland. Thosefeatures on Earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. The scientists nowsuspect something similar might be happening on Europa: that as water and iceof different tempera
42、tures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. This wouldexplain the jumbled ice sculptures.“Fracturing catastrophically disruptsthe ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on Earth,”Schmidt told Science News. She and her team found that the process could becausing chaos terrains
43、to form quickly on Europa.The new study suggests that on thismoon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies ofwater. That mixture may create an environment that supports life.The strange ice patterns on Europa are formed as a result of a xxxxx undergroundwater pool.ARightB
44、WrongCNot mention 6.Europaswatery underworldEuropa, one of Jupiters 63 known moons,looks bright and icy on the surface. But appearances can be deceiving: Mileswithin its cracked, frigid shell, Europa probably hides giant pools of liquidwater. Where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find lif
45、e as well.Since we cant go diving into Europasdepths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moons surface forclues to what lies beneath. In a new study, scientists investigated one groupof strange ice patterns on Europa and concluded that the formations mark thetop of an underground po
46、ol that holds as much water as the U.S. Great Lakes.Pictures of Europa, which is slightlysmaller than Earths moon, clearly show a tangled, icy mishmash of lines andcracks known as “chaos terrains.” These chaotic places cover more than half ofEuropa. For more than 10 years, scientists have wondered w
47、hat causes theformations. The new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vastunderground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.For scientists who suspect that Europaalso may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake isexciting.“It would be great if these lakesharbored life,” Britney Schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study,told Science News. “But even if they didnt, they say that Europa is doingsomething interesting and active right now.”Schmidt, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austi