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1、职称英语等级考试试题真题-综合A （含答案）第1部分：词汇选项（第P15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句了中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题上相应的位置上。1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explained B invented C considered D accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavy B strong
2、C kind D wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A making B taking C discussing D expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume al 1 that we are capable of producingA waste B buy C use D sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 1 iters.A function B ability C power D volume6
3、 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadnessA supported B excited C inspired D directed8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country,s history.A clean B perfect C real D brief9 It is laid down in the regulat
4、ions that al I members must carry their membership cards at al 1times.A suggested B warned C stated D confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o clockA began B continued C ended D resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A sign B substitute C proof I）target12 However bad the
5、 situation is,the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctant B eager C pleased D angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlargean old one.A limit B control C replace D offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-wa
6、r reconstruction of the area.A deny B investigate C stress D create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargoby water.A gradually B suddenly C excessively D exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读卜.面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提
7、供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑Principles of Governing PersuasionI f leadership consists of getting thing done throu gh others,then persu asion is one of the leader sessential tools.M any execu tiv es hav e assu med that this tool is beyond their grasp,av ailable
8、 onlyto the charismatic（有魅力的）and the eloqu ent.O v er the past sev eral decades,thou gh,experimentalpsychologists hav e learned which methods reliably lead people to concede,comply,or change.T heirresearch shows that persu asion is gov erned by sev eral principles that can be tau ght andapplied.T he
9、 first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who is similar to them than someonewho is not.W ise managers,then,ask peers to help make their cases.S econd,people are more willingto cooperate with those who are not only like them bu t who like them,as well.S o it s worth the timet
10、o u ncov er real similarities and offer genu ine praise.T hird,experiments confirm the intu itiv e tru th that people tend to treat you the way you treat them.I t f s sou nd policy to do a fav or before seeking one.F ou rth,indiv idu als are more likely to keep promisesthey make v olu ntarily and cl
11、early.T he message for managers here is to get commitments in writing.F ifth,stu dies show that people really do defer to（月 艮 从）experts.S o before they attempt to exertinflu ence,execu tiv es shou ld take pains to establish their own expertise and not assu me that it sself-ev ident.F inally,people w
12、ant more of a commodity when it s scarce;it follows,then,thatexclu siv e information is more persu asiv e than widely av ailable data.1 6 E xperiments hav e confirmed the assu mption of many execu tiv es.A right B W rong C N ot mentioned1 7 P eople are more 1 ikely to cooperate with those who 1 ike
13、them.A right B W rong C N ot mentioned1 8 M anagers do not employ those who are qu ite different from them.A right B W rong C N ot mentioned1 9 T here is no need for a manager to find ou t the merits of his employees.A right B W rong C N ot mentioned2 0 E xperiments hav e shown that,contrary to ou r
14、 expectation,people tend to treat you the way you treatthem.A right B W rong C N ot mentioned2 1 T here are as many wise managers as there are stu pid ones.A right B W rong C N ot mentioned2 2 E xclu siv e information is more persu asiv e than widely known data.A right B W rong C N ot mentioned第3部分：
15、概括大意与完成句子（第2 3 3 0题，每 题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2 3 2 6题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选 择1个正确的小标题：（2）第2 73 0题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卜相应的位置上。K eeping C u t F lowers1 W hile ev erybody enjoys fresh cu t flowers arou nd his hou se,few people know how to keep them for aslong as possible.T h
16、is may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 A n important thing to remember abou t cu t flowers is that they are sensitiv e to temperatu re.F or example,stu dies hav e shown that cu t carnations（康乃馨）retain their freshness eight times 1 onger when keptat 1 2 oC than when kept at 2 6 0 c.K
17、eeping freshly harv ested flowers at the right temperatu res is probablythe most important aspect of flower care.3 F lowers are not intended by natu re to liv e v ery long.T heir biological pu rpose is simply to attractbirds or insects,such as bees,for pollination（授粉）.After that,they quickly dry up
18、and die.Theprocess by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide（:氧化碳），called respiration（呼吸），generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour.The making of seedsalso depends on this energy.While all living things respire,flowers have a high level of respira
19、tion.A result of all this respiration is heat,and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass ofthe flower is very high.Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower.Thus the greaterthe level of respiration,the sooner the flower dies.4 How,then,to control the rate at which fl
20、owers die?By controlling respiration.H ow is respirationcontrolled?By controlling temperature.W e know that respiration produces heat,but the reverse isalso true.Thus by maintaining low temperatures,respiration is reduced and the cut flower will agemore slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut f
21、lowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed.Flowers find it difficult to“drink”water that is dirty or otherwise polluted.Even when water looksand smells clean,it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers.Torid the water of these unwanted substances,ho
22、usehold chlorine bleach（含氟漂白剂）can be used in smal 1quantities.11 is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach（at 4%solution）be added to each litreof water.The water and solution should also be replaced each day.23 Paragraph 2_24 Paragraph 3 _25 Paragraph 4_26 Paragraph 527 A few simple facts will
23、 help you keep cut flowers28 Respiration plays a key role29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down30 Another important way to prolong the Iife of cut flowers is第4部分：阅读理解（第3广45题，每题3分，共45分）卜面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇“Salty Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBri
24、tish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soilcontaining salt water.Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive oncemore.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from Sussex University*s School of Biological Sciences,have spent severalyears researching
25、how crops,such as rice,could be made to grow in water that has becomesalty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme,funded by the Biotechnology and Biological SciencesResearch Council,to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions.The aimis to breed this capabilit
26、y into crops,starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares（公顷）of agricultural land are lost because saltgets into the soil and stunts（妨碍生长）plants.The problem is caused by several factors.In the tropics,mangroves（红树林）that create swamps（沼泽）and traditionally formed barriers t
27、o sea water have beencut down.In the Mediterranean,a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,allowingsea water to seep（渗透）in.in Latin America,irrigation often causes problems when water isevaporated（蒸发）by the heat,leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and pre
28、vents them functioning normally.Heavy concentrations ofminerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems.Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slatand store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants
29、growth.They have started tobreed these characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests before theresulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soi1 are known,Flowers and Yeo will try to breed theappropriate genes
30、 into all manners of crops and plants.Land that has been abandoned to nature willthen be able to bloom again,providing much needed food in the poorer countries of theworld.31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?A They are students at Sussex University.B They are rice bree
31、ders.C They are husband and wife.D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programmeA to find ways to prevent water pollution.B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C to breed rice plants that taste salty.D to find ways to remove exce
32、ssive salt from soi1.33 Which of the following is N O T mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in thepassage?A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B the water table has gone down after droughts.C Sea level has been continuously rising.D Evaporation of water 1 eaves salt behind34
33、 The word“affect”in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced byA influence”B “effect”C “stop”D present”35 The attitude of the author towards the research project isA positiveB negative.C suspiciousD indifferent.第二篇 Ford s Assembly LineW hen it comes to singling out those who have macle a difference in all
34、 our lives,you cannot overlookHenry Ford.A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influencedall manufacturing,everywhere,even to this day,by introducing a new way to make cars-one,strangeto say,that originated in slaughterhouses（屠宰场）.Back in the early 1900 s,slaug
35、hterhouses used what could have been called a disassembly linen.Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile enginecalled a magneto.Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto,one of its elements wasplaced on a conveyer,and each worker,a
36、s it passed,added another component to it,the same one eachtime.Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware,an expert on industrial development,tells what happened.“The previous day,workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes.But on that day,on the
37、line,the assemble team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds perperson.Within a year,the time had been reduced to five minutes.In 1913,Ford went all the way.Hooked togetherby ropes,partially assembled vehicles were towed（拖,拉）past workers who completed them one pieceat a time.Il hasn,t long be
38、fore Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year,a remarkableachievement then.And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of hiscars in half,to$260,putting them within reach of all those who,up until that time,could not affordthem.Soon,auto makers the worl
39、d over copied him.In fact,he encouraged them to do so by writinga book about al 1 of his innovations,entitled Today and Tomorrow.The Age of the Automobile has arrived.Today,aided by robots and other forms of automation（自动化），everything from toasters to perfumesis made on assembly lines.36 Which of th
40、e fol lowing statements about Henry Ford is N O T true?A He introduced a new way of production.B He influenced al 1 manufacturing.C He inspired other auto makers.D He changed a historian s mind.37 The writer mentionsM slaughterhouses because they were the places whereA Ford*s assembly 1ine originate
41、dB Ford made his first car.C Ford readjusted the assembly 1ine.D Ford innovated the disassembly line.38 A magneto is a technical term forA an automobile.B a production 1ineC a part of an automobile engine.D a disassembly 1ine39 the phrase”turning out“in the last paragraph could be best replaced byA
42、producing”B“sellingC buying”D “fixing”40 The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry FordA to create more jobs for the unemployedB to write a book on historyC to reduce the price of his cars to$260D to cut the production of his cars by 50%第 三 篇PlayPlay is the principal business of childhood,and
43、 in recent years research has shown the great importanceof play in the development of a human being.From earliest infancy,every child needs opportunity andthe right materials for play,and the main tools of play are toys.Their main function is to suggest,encourage and assist play.To succeed in this t
44、hey must be good toys,which children will play withoften,and will come back to again and again.Therefore it is important to choose suitable toys fordifferent stages of a child,s development.In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach,within t
45、he range of his inherited abilities,is largely determined in the first three years of hislife.So a baby,s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.Ababy who is encouraged and stimulated,talked to and shown things and played with,has the best chanceof growing up su
46、ccessfully.In the next stage,from three to five years old,curiosity knows no bounds.Every type of suitabletoy should be made available to the child,for trying out,experimenting and learning,for discoveringhis own particular ability.Bricks and jigsaws（七巧板）and construct ion toys;painting,scribbling（涂鸦
47、）and making things;sand and water play;toys for imaginative and pretending play;the first socialgames for learning to play and get on with others.Bt the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years-the child is at school.Butfor a few more years play is still the best way of lear
48、ning,at home or at school.It is easier tosee which type of toys the chi Ils most enjoys.Until the age of seven or eight,play and work mean much the same to a child.But once reading hasbeen mastered,then books and school become the main source of learning.Toys are still interestingand valuable,they l
49、ead on to new hobbies,but their significance has changed-to a child of nice orten years,toys and games mean,as to adults,relaxation and fun.41 The passage tells us that as a child grows upA he should be a 11 owed to choose his own toys.B he should be given identical toys.C he should be given differe
50、nt toys.D he should be given fewer and fewer toys.42 According to the passage,the abi1i ties a chi Id has inheri ted from his parentsA determine his characterB wi11 not change after the age of three.C partly determine the standard he is likely to reach.D to a large extent determine the choice of toy