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1、Unit 1 Means of Transport 清华大学出版社清华大学出版社Upon completion of the unit,students will be able to:Upon completion of the unit,students will be able to:identify different forms of transport;identify different forms of transport;master the words and expressions related to transport;master the words and exp
2、ressions related to transport;compare the advantages and disadvantages of different compare the advantages and disadvantages of differentforms of transport;forms of transport;cultivate the awareness of environmental protection when cultivate the awareness of environmental protection whenchoosing fro
3、m different means of transport.choosing from different means of transport.4vanlorryarticulated lorryroad tankerroad traincargo planegoods trainferrycontainer shiptankerbarge5 Road transport or road haulage is the most common form of land transport.Over short and medium distances it is relatively fas
4、t and convenient,which makes it particularly suitable for perishable goods such as fresh food produce.Goods can be loaded and unloaded at any destination so it is extremely flexible.However,due to the limited carrying capacity,it is not so economical for long distances.6 A company can use its own tr
5、ansport services,such as vans for local deliveries,or can use the services of a courier or a road haulage firm which can deliver goods both nationally and internationally.A TIR lorry(from the French Transports Internationaux Routiers)is normallyused when transporting goods across multiple borders.Th
6、e goods are loaded into containers which are sealed at their point of departure and therefore do not need to be inspected by customs officials until the final destination.7 Although the use of rail as a method of transport has declined in favour of road transport,it is a very efficient and cost-effe
7、ctive way of transporting heavy and bulky goods over long distances.It is less flexible than road transport,operating to fixed time schedules,and goods need to be transferred at both ends of the journey.Container trains have solved this problem for some goods since containers can easily be loaded to
8、 ships or lorries to continue on to their destination.8 Read the texts and answer the questions.1)Which factors can influence the choice of transport?2)Which is the most common form of transport by land?3)Why is road transport flexible?The size and weight of the goods,the type of goods,the cost,time
9、 and the distance.The most common form of transport by land is road transport.Because it can deliver door-to-door and it doesnt have to respect a timetable.94)What is a TIR lorry and when and how is it used?5)Which is the most suitable form of land transport for long distances?Why?6)What is a contai
10、ner train?TIR stands for Transport Internationaux Routiers.It is a large lorry/truck used for transport across which are sealed at their point of departure and therefore do not need to be inspected by customs officials until the final destination.Train is the most suitable form of land transport for
11、 long distances,because it is cheaper.A train which uses containers for carrying cargo and is therefore easier to load and unload onto other forms of transport.104)7)What are the advantages and disadvantages of rail?8)What is the major disadvantage of road transport impacting on the environment?It i
12、s a very efficient and cost-effective way of transporting heavy and bulky goods over long distances;it is less flexible than road transport.The major disadvantage is that it produces air pollution and environmental damage.113 Match each word with the correct definition.1)convenient a giving good val
13、ue for money2)economical b right or appropriate for a particular person,purpose,or situation3)suitable c effective or productive in relation to its cost4)flexible d restricted in size,amount,or extent5)cost-effective e situated to allow easy access6)limited f able to be easily modified to respond to
14、 altered circumstances 12Transport by water Transporting goods by canal or river is a cheap form of transport,but it is slow.Britain has a large network of canals,built during the Industrial Revolution to link the north and south of the country,but road and rail transport have taken over as they are
15、 much faster.There are 37,000 km of inland waterways in Europe,such as the Rhine and the Danube,which connect major cities and industrial areas,so there is significant potential to increase the share of freight transported by inland waterways within Europe.13 Sea freight refers to the movement of go
16、ods by ship across seas and oceans and it is the most widely used form of transport for international trade.It can be divided into two types:coastal shipping,which is between the main ports within the same country;overseas shipping,which is between ports in different countries.14 Overseas shipping i
17、s an economical means to transport a wide range of goods,from raw materials to plant machinery and vehicles since virtually no weight or size restrictions apply.Goods are normally packed in containers which means they can be loaded and unloaded onto the ship quickly and cheaply.The merchandise is we
18、ll protected during transport,which reduces damage and the risk of loss or theft.154 Read the texts and decide if these sentences are true(T)or false(F).Correct the false ones.1)In the UK,canal transport was used during the Industrial Revolution.2)Canal transport is still a popular form of transport
19、 today.3)Inland waterways in Europe are used to their full potential.4)Transport by water is generally cheaper but slower than other forms.5)Sea freight is the most common form of transport for international trade.6)Only lightweight goods can be transported by sea.7)Containers help reduce risks duri
20、ng transport.8)Intermodal transport is where there are multiple destinations for cargo.FFFFTTTT16Container ports Modern ports cover vast areas of water and land andhandle hundreds of thousands of tonnes of cargo every year.Made of steel,containers are of a standard size,normally 20 foot or 40 foot l
21、ong.When transporting goods it is possible to have a Full Container Load(FCL)where the container holds only the goods of a single customer.In this case,the container is usually loaded and sealed at origin and then opened at its final destination.The other possibility is a Less than Container Load(LC
22、L),when the goods of more than one customer are grouped together into a container.17 Two methods used for unloading and loading operations are:Lift-On Lift-Off(often abbreviated to Lo/Lo).The loading and unloading of ships is carried out by cranes and derricks which can lift the cargo,often containe
23、rs,on and off the ship.Roll-on Roll-off(often abbreviated to Ro/Ro).This system is used on ships which have a ramp,so that vans,lorries or railroad cars with their cargo can be driven on and off the ship.It is also used for cars on passenger ferries.185 Read the text and complete these sentences.1)_
24、 make freight transportation easier.2)Containers are of a standard size although _ exist.3)If a customer has enough goods to fill one container,it is called a _.4)With a FCL,a container is not normally _ between its origin and destination.5)If several customers have goods in a container,it is called
25、 a _.6)Ro/Ro and Lo/Lo are two examples of _.Containersdifferent typesFull Container Load(FLC)openedLess than Container Load(LCL)loading and unloading operations/methods19Transport by air Air freight is the fastest mode of transport.It has always been used for high value commodities,fragile,perishab
26、le and urgently needed goods since it can guarantee such a quick delivery.The commercial life of perishable goods is short,so it is really only air freight that can guarantee moving the goods from producer to consumer in asufficiently short time for the product to be sold.The costs involved are high
27、,but this can be justified if the final consumers pay a premium.20Similarly for other goods,the advantages of quick,safe air freight and savings in terms of packing and insurance,can offset the higher transportation costs.For these reasons,there has been an increase in the number of airlines operati
28、ng cargo aircraft in recent years.216 Read the text and answer the questions.1)What kind of goods are often transported by air?2)Why is air transport particularly suitable for perishable goods?3)Is the final price that consumers pay affected by this choice of transport?How?Fragile goods,perishable g
29、oods and goods worth a lot of money.Because if can deliver them quickly before they deteriorate.Yes,it is often higher to cover the cost of air freight.226 Read the text and answer the questions.4)In what ways can using air transport save other costs?5)How can bad weather affect air transport?6)What
30、 are the major advantages of air freight?As it is quick and safe,you can save money on insurance and packing.A flight can be delayed of cancelled if the weather is bad.Air freight is fast,safe and secure;its administrative process is quick.23The environmental impact of freight traffic The total volu
31、me of freight transport around the world has a massive impact on the environment.Leaving aside environmental disasters,such as spills of toxic waste or leaks in oil pipelines,each mode of transport pollutes our air and water to a lesser or greater extent.24Aviation Aviation is one of the fastest gro
32、wing sources of greenhouse gas emissions.It also creates noise pollution,particularly damaging in residential areas located near major airports.The reductions in GHG(Greenhouse.gases)have not been sufficient to compensate for the rapid growth of global air traffic,both passenger and cargo.Passengers
33、,in fact,have to offset the emissions by paying a surcharge.25Road transportHeavy goods vehicles responsible for more harmful pollution.than any other form of transport.They emit particulates,that is microscopic specks of soot and other matter invisible to the naked eye,which may cause asthma,lung c
34、ancer and cardiovascular issues.Vehicles also contribute to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions,as well as noise pollution.To reduce emissions and also to save money,smart logistics and GPS Systems can be used to ensure that vehicles use the best routes for multiple deliveries,avoiding empty“re
35、turn journeys.26Rail transport This is the most environmentally-friendly form of transport.Studies show that it is between three and ten times less CO2 intensive than road or air transport.The most negative impact comes from the construction of new lines and the maintenance of the existing network,a
36、s well as from accidents like leaks and spills of dangerous goods.27Sea transport Sea freight is significantly more environmentally-friendly than air and road freight.Ships use less fuel compared with aircraft and lorries so the amount of fossil fuel combustion is much lower,with obvious environment
37、al benefits.Sources of pollution can be the illegal dumping of plastics or other non-biodegradable products.while at sea,as well as accidental spills of oil,toxic materials or during loading/unloading in port.287 Read the text and write which form(s)of transport these sentences refer to.1)responsibl
38、e for greenhouse gas emissions _2)causes disasters and severe damage _3)creates noise pollution _4)the best form of transport for the environment _5)illegal practices can harm the environment _6)improved technology can help reduce negative effects _7)causes the emission of particulates _8)uses less
39、fuel compared with aircraft _aviation,road transportsea transport,rail transportaviation,road transportrail transportsea transportroad and air transportroad transportsea transport29Worlds Largest Container Ports8 In pairs,analyse the information in the table and answer the questions.301)What informa
40、tion does the table give?2)What years are compared?3)In what unit of measurement is the data presented?4)Which port was the biggest in 1989?What position did it hold in 2014?The volume of containers that went though the largest ports in the world.1989 and 2014,or approximately two decades.The data i
41、s presented in million TEUs(Twenty foot Equivalent Unit).4 Hong Kong was the bipget port in 1989.t held fonurth position in 2014Hong Kong was the biggest port in 1989.It held fourth position in 2014.315)Which port was the biggest in 2014?And what position did it hold in 1989?6)What can you notice ab
42、out the position of European ports in the period between 1989 and 2014?7)Which continent had the most ports on the list in 2014?8)What do you think these changes show?&Shanghai was the biggest port in 2014.It was not classified in 1989.Rotterdam went from third position in 1989 to last position in 2
43、011.Asia has the most ports on the list.Twenty years ago there were still some important container ports in America or Europe.Now all the most important container ports are in Asia.This shows an increase in globalisation.329 In pairs,decide the best method of transport for each of these situations.C
44、onsider all the forms of transport presented in this unit and give your reasons.1)books from an e-commerce website to its international,private customers2)vans from a manufacturing plant in the north of England to a showroom in the south of the country3)crude oil from Egypt to Europeair freight，beca
45、use it is fast,safe and secure or sea freight if the material is very heavy.by rail if there is a large number of vans,or by road if there are fewer vans,using LGV(large good vehicles,whose length is severely restricted on UK roads);both methods of transport are fast and convenient.by oil tanker fro
46、m Egypt to terminals in southern Europe which are connected by pipelineto countries in central and northern Europe.334)bananas from Brazil to a wholesaler in the USA5)large,antique furniture from a wholesaler in India to a retailer in the UK6)components from Detroit,USA,to an industrial plant in the
47、 south of Germany7)leather goods from a manufacturer in Florence to a selection of retailers in the north of Italyoverseas shipping because of large quantities.overseas shipping because the goods are bulky and heavy.overseas shipping because they are bulky and heavy.road transport because the distances are short.