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1、Unit 5 Intermodal Freight Transport Upon completion of the unit,students will be able to:Upon completion of the unit,students will be able to:identify the functions of intermodal freight transport;identify the functions of intermodal freight transport;master the words and expressions related to inte
2、rmodal master the words and expressions related to intermodalfreight transport;freight transport;understand the advantages of intermodal freight transport.understand the advantages of intermodal freight transport.413425 Transportiseverywhere!Intheair,byrailorroad,on thewater,bycableorpipelineandeven
3、inspacepeople,animalsandgoodsareconstantlyonthemove.Transportis fundamentalbothfortradebetweenpeopleandforestablishing culturalexchangesandincreasingunderstandingbetween differentcultures.Asafieldofstudytransportcanbedivided intothreecategories:infrastructure,vehiclesandoperations.6Infrastructurefor
4、transportisallaroundusfromairports,railwayandbusstationstowarehouses,truckingterminals,refuelingdepotsandseaports.Vehiclesincludeautomobiles,bicycles,buses,trains,trucks,people,ships,helicopters andairplanes.Operationsdealwiththewaythevehiclesare operated,andtheproceduressetforthispurpose,including
5、financing,legalitiesandpolicies.7Passengertransportmaybepublicorprivate.Freighttransportistodayfocusedoncontainerisation.Transportplaysanimportantpartineconomicgrowthandglobalisation,butcanalsocauseairpollutionanduselargeamountsofland.Itiscommonlyheavilyinfluencedbygovernments,bothintermsofsubsidies
6、andplanning,whichisessentialtomaketrafficflowandcontrolurbansprawl.81Themostcommononesarebyair,rail,road,onthewater.2Transportisfundamentalbothfortradebetweenpeopleandforestablishingculturalexchangesandincreasingunderstandingbetweendifferentcultures.3Themostcommonformsofinfrastructureforland-basedtr
7、ansportareairports,railwayandbusstations,warehouses,truckingterminals,refuelingdepotsandseaports.4Transportusesalargeamountoflandandcausesairpollution.5Subsidiesandplanning.91d2g3a4b5c6e7h8f10Intermodal freight transportAAfreightvillageisacomplexsetoffacilitieswherealltheactivitiesrelatingtotranspor
8、t,logisticsanddistributionofgoodsarecarriedoutonacommercialbasisbyvariousoperators,whocaneitherbetheownersorthetenantsofthespaces(warehouses,storageareas,offices,carparks,etc.).Itmustbeequippedwithpublicfacilitiesand,ifpossible,includepublicservicesforthestaffandusers.Othernamesforafreightvillageare
9、:logisticspark/centre,transportcentreorlogisticshub.11BAfreightvillageenableschangefromonegiventransportmodetoanother(modalshift)throughasetoftechnologiesthatfacilitatethetransfer.Itisservedbyseveraltransportmodes(road,rail,deepsea,inlandwaterway,air)toencourageintermodaltransportforthehandlingofgoo
10、ds.Themostcommonexamplesofmodalshiftsare:train(rail)tolorry(road);barge(inlandwaterway)totrainorlorry;airplane(air)tolorry.12CAfreightvillagerequiresdifferentactivitiessuchaswarehousing,economicactivities,supportactivitiesandunifiedmanagement.Thewarehouseistheinfrastructurewherethetransportoperatorm
11、ostlyperformshisbusiness.Thisactivitymayincludethedivision ofthegoodsintosmallerquantitiesforamorefunctionaldistribution.Logisticshubsneedactivedistributioncentresandseveralindustrialactivitiesintheneighbourhoodthatcanexploitthemodalshiftfacilitieswithinthevillage.Supportactivitiesincludesupportserv
12、iceslikelorryrestareas,officespace,restaurants,banking,shopsandhotels.Unifiedmanagementrequiresthatthevillageisoftenunderthemanagementofasingleentity.13DAfreightvillageistherightsolutiontosatisfytheincreasingrequirementsofacomplexbusinessbasedontransport.Inordertoworkwellitisimperativethatthevillage
13、isrunbyasinglebody,eitherpublicorprivate.14BADC151T2DS3F4F5FTDSFFF16Oil tankersTheoiltankerwasdevelopedinthelate19thcenturyasasolutionfortransportinglargequantitiesof“blackgold”acrosstheglobe.Today,oiltankersfallintotwobasiccategories,crudetankersandproducttankers.Crudetankersarethelargerofthetwo.Th
14、eymoveraw,unrefinedoilfromtheplaceswhereitspumpedoutoftheearth,totherefinerieswhereitisprocessedintofuelandotherproducts.Producttankers,ontheotherhand,aresmallerthancrudetankersandmove already-processedpetroleumproductstomarketswheretheycanbesoldandused.17Corporationsare alwaysseekingthemostefficien
15、twaytoaccomplishataskinordertomaximiseprofits.Duetotheir immensesize,oiltankersprovideaneasyandinexpensivewaytotransportoiloverlongdistances.Infact,itonlycostsaroundtwotofourcentspergallontotransportoilusingatypicaltanker.Like manyotherinfluentialtechnologies,oiltankershavehelpedusprogressasacivilis
16、ation,butthey havealsopresenteduswithconsiderableproblems.Withoutoiltankers,itwouldbeimpossibleto travelaseasilyandoftenaswedo.18However,someoftheworstman-madeenvironmentaldisastersinhistoryhaveresultedfromoiltankeraccidents.Whenoilspillsintothesea,itcreatesenormousdamagetonature,whichtakesmanyyears
17、torecover.Inordertopreventtheseaccidentsoccurringagaininthefuture,newregulationshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,newoiltankersmustbedouble-hulled,whichmeansthattherearetwolayersseparatingtheoiltheycarryfromthesea.Thisreducestheriskofoilspillsincasethetankerhasanaccident,butofcourseitdoesnoteliminateris
18、kcompletely.19Seatransportationofoilalsocarriesotherrisks,includingpirates,whotakecontrolofthetankeranddemandmoneyinreturn.Thefutureofoiltankersisalsouncertain,justasthefutureoftheoilindustryitselfis.Manislookingfornewwaysofproducingenergyasoilreservesarefinishingandecologicalissuesarebecomingmoreim
19、portant.201Theyweredevelopedtosolveproblemsforthetransportoflargequantitiesofblackgoldacrosstheglobe.2Crudetankersarethelargerofthetwo.Theymoveraw,unrefinedoilfromtheplaceswhereitispumpedoutoftheearthtotherefineries.Producttankersaresmallerthancrudetankersandmovealready-processedpetroleumproductstom
20、arketswheretheycanbesoldandused.3Oiltankersprovideaneasyandinexpensivewaytotransportoiloverlongdistances.4Themaindisadvantagesarelinkedtooiltankeraccidents.Forexample,whenoilspillsintothesea,itcreatesenormousdamagetonature,whichtakesmanyyearstorecover.5Itsfutureisuncertainbecausemanislookingfornewwa
21、ysofproducingenergyasoilreservesarefinishingandecologicalissuesarebecomingmoreimportant.21AirfreightTodayanincreasingnumberofgoodsaretransportedbyair.Planescantransportletters,carsandevenhorsesaswellasotherplanes!Virtuallyeverypassengerflightalsotransportscargo,andofcoursemanyflightsareforthetranspo
22、rtationofgoodsonly.Theplanesusedmaybesimilartopassengerplanesoraresometimesoldpassengerplaneswhichhavebeenconvertedforgoodstransportation,ortheymaybecargoaircraft,someofwhichareenormous.TheBoeing747-400,forexample,cantransportthesamequantityofgoodsas5articulatedlorries!Butthereisyetanothercategoryofplanewhichwasdevelopedexclusivelyforcargo:thesupertransporter.Thelargestofthese,theAntonovAN-225,cancarryover250tonsofcargo!22airbustwoEuropeSuperGuppyfourUSA747DreamlifterfourUSA124AntonovfoursixRussiaAntonov2324EFACDB