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1、Unit 9 Safety Proceduresand Regulations 清华大学出版社Upon completion of the unit,students will be able to:realise the importance of safety procedures andregulations;master the words and expressions related to safetyprocedures and regulations;raise the awareness of following safety procedures andregulation
2、s at work and in transport.645Safety regulations and legislation In the field of transport and logistics,like in all areas of work,safety is a fundamental consideration.In all workplaces today there are guidelines to follow in order to avoid accidents,which explain what risks exist at work,their pot
3、ential danger,and how to avoid them.Employers are obliged to inform their workers of these indications.The following is authentic information from European legislation:Employers Liability(Compulsory Insurance)Act 1969:this act requires employers to take out insurance against accidents and ill health
4、 to their employees.6 Health and Safety(First Aid)Regulations 1981:they cover requirements for first aid.Health and Safety Information for Employees Regulations 1989:they require employers to display a poster telling employees what they need to know about health and safety.Workplace Regulations 1992
5、:they cover a wide range of basic health and safety issues such as ventilation,heating,lighting,workstations,seating and facilities.Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992:they require employers to provide appropriate protective clothing and equipment for their employees.7 Reporting o
6、f Injuries,Diseases and Dangerous OccurrencesRegulations 1995(RIDDOR):they require employers to notify certain occupational injuries,diseases and dangerous events.Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998:they require that equipment provided for use at work,including machinery,is safe.Man
7、agement of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999:they require employers to carry out risk assessments and arrange for appropriate information and training.Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002(COSHH):they require employers to assess the risks from hazardous substances and t
8、ake appropriate precautions.8 Yes,it is.Health and Safety(First Aid)Regulations 1981 Workplace Regulations 1992The employer They have to notify occupational injuries,diseases and dangerous events.They introduced the obligation for employers to carry out risk assessments and arrange for appropriate i
9、nformation and training.9fundamentalemployees rangeappropriatenotifyprovidedsafearrangehazardous10 111 They concern hand luggage.2 No,only for flights originating within the EU.3 1 l4 In a transparent and re-sealable plastic bag.5 No,because the maximum quantity for eachitem is 100 ml.1213Air safety
10、 Many people feel very frightened when they travel by plane,but you may not know that,in fact,air travel is statistically the safest form of motorised transport known to man!Today it is estimated that there is only one fatality for every 2,000 million person-miles flown in the air.Accurate communica
11、tion between the pilot and the ground is obviously fundamental for air safety,and indeed many accidents are caused when this information is inaccurate or provided too late.Four out of five accidents occur during take-off or landing procedures,thats why you must always seat with your seatbelt fastene
12、d during these procedures and you are not allowed to use electronic devices.14 Another cause of accidents could be the presence of ice or snow on the wings,which increases the weight of the plane,requiring a higher speed to avoid stalling.Engine failure rarely causes accidents in large aircraft beca
13、use they operate with several engines,so an emergency landing is usually possible.15 When an airplane flies through volcanic ash,its engines can lose power completely.Today,meteorological information is so precise that airspace is simply closed in the presence of volcanic ash,as in the case of the e
14、ruptions in Iceland in 2010.Aircraft safety is improving all the time.However it is important to read carefully and know all the safety indications on the passenger safety card.1617Road safety Road safety is something that concerns everyone,because we all use roads in some waynot everyone drives the
15、ir own means of transport,but most of us use public transport and everybody has to cross the road of course!Of all the areas of human activity where safety is a concern,the field of road transport is probably the most important.Road accidents are one of the most common causes of accidental death in
16、the world,with an estimated 1 million people dying in road-related accidents every year,so it is logical that a lot of time and money are spent on constantly improving road safety across the planet.18Great developments in this field have been achieved in recent times,in particular with regard to the
17、 safety of vehicles and roads themselvesjust consider the airbag,ABS braking,improved road layouts,speed bumps,cats eyes,better signposting,draining asphalt and in very recent times the introduction of sobriety deviceswhich drivers have to breathe into before they can start a vehicle.Today the focus
18、 is shifting to the pedestrian,after statistics have shown that the majority of victims of road accidents are people on foot or on bicycles.The use of cycling lanes,underpasses for pedestrians and reduced speed limits in urban areas are just a few examples of how greater attention is now being paid
19、to improving the safety of people on foot or non-motorised transport.19human activityroad accidentsABS brakingcyclists.20JAEHKGLDFCBI21ABSairbagsbrake lightscycling helmetsunderpassescycling lanespedestrian crossingsroad signsspeed cameraspeed bumpsguardrails22Fleet monitoring One controversial sche
20、me for improving an aspect of road safety has been the introduction of the so-called“fleet monitoring”.You may have seen lorries,vans and other commercial vehicles driving on the streets with a sign printed on them similar to the one above.This sign is an invitation for the general public to inform
21、transport companies of any improper behaviour by their drivers.If you see a vehicle driving too fast,overtaking dangerously or not respecting signals or limits,then you can call the number on the sign to report the incident.23This invitation to make the normal citizen responsible has proven to be ve
22、ry useful to transport companies who have to pay large insurance premiums and feel the need to make sure that their drivers are behaving correctly and efficiently at all times.Of course,the scheme has been criticised by many people,as they feel that it can be abusedsome people have reported drivers
23、simply because they had an argument with them,for example;and others feel that it also encourages a form of spying.Whatever you think the“fleet monitoring”scheme is certainly popular with employers in the field,so it appears destined to grow.24Key251 The fleet monitoring scheme foresees a sign print
24、ed on vehicles with a phone number that the general public can call to inform transport companies of any improper behaviour by their drivers.2 To make the normal citizen responsible.3 When they see a vehicle driving too fast,overtaking dangerously or not respecting signals or limits.4 Because this s
25、cheme can be abused and is considered as a form of spying.5 Personal answers.261 E 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 C3254127286 The European Maritime Safety Agency(EMSA),based in Lisbon,provides support to the European Commission in the development of EU legislation on maritime safety,pollution byships and maritime se
26、curity.EMSA was set up in 2003 after two major accidents at sea:the Erika(1999)and the Prestige(2002)accidents and their resulting oil spills.These incidents resulted in huge environmental and economic damage to the coastlines of Spain and France.EMSAs main objective is to reduce the risk of maritim
27、e accidents,marine pollution from ships and the loss of human life at sea.2961 In Lisbon.2 In 2003.3 Spain and France.4 It has to reduce the risk of maritime accidents,marine pollution and death at sea.30International Maritime OrganizationIt is a specialised agency of the United Nations.IMO has deve
28、loped international regulations and conventions relating to construction standards as well.31fatalhighergoods hazardsfalling employeespostershelmetsmaskswarnings exitsfire32improper handling of materialsergonomic hazardsslipping,tripping and fallinguse of safety equipmentwarnings and emergency proce
29、duresinstructions for electrical systems33The fourth sign is located over a fire exit and reminds you that the exit must be kept clear in case of emergency.The first sign warns you against the danger of an accident occurring when forklift trucks are operated.The second sign advises you to pay attention to the slippery wet floor.The third sign indicates where the first aid kit is located.34